ASTM F1862/F1862M-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Resistance of Medical Face Masks to Penetration by Synthetic Blood (Horizontal Projection of Fixed Volume at a Known Velocity)
Standard Test Method for Resistance of Medical Face Masks to Penetration by Synthetic Blood (Horizontal Projection of Fixed Volume at a Known Velocity)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method offers a procedure for evaluating medical face mask resistance to synthetic blood penetration that is useful in establishing claims for penetration resistance performance of medical face masks and ranking their performance. However, this test method does not define acceptable levels of penetration resistance because this determination must be made by each responsible user organization based on its own specific application and conditions. Therefore, when using this test method to make claims for the performance of medical face masks, the specific conditions under which testing is conducted must be described.
5.2 Medical face masks are intended to resist liquid penetration from the splatter or splashing of blood, body fluids, and other potentially infectious materials. Many factors affect the wetting and penetration characteristics of body fluids, such as surface tension, viscosity, and polarity of the fluid, as well as the structure and relative hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity of the materials and the design of the mask itself. The surface tension range for blood and body fluids (excluding saliva) is approximately 0.042 to 0.060 N/m.7 To help simulate the wetting characteristics of blood and body fluids, the surface tension of the synthetic blood is adjusted to approximate the lower end of this surface tension range. The resulting surface tension of the synthetic blood is 0.042 ± 0.002 N/m.
5.3 The synthetic blood mixture is prepared with a red dye to aid in visual detection and a thickening agent to simulate the flow characteristics of blood. The synthetic blood will not always duplicate the polarity, and thus the wetting behavior and subsequent penetration, of real blood and other body fluids through protective clothing materials.
5.4 During a medical procedure, a blood vessel is occasionally punctured resulting in a high velocity stream of blood impacting a protective medical face mask. The impact velocity depends on several factors,...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the resistance of medical face masks to penetration by the impact of a small volume (~2 mL) of a high velocity stream of synthetic blood. Medical face mask pass/fail determinations are based on visual detection of synthetic blood penetration.
1.2 This test method does not apply to all forms or conditions of blood-borne pathogen exposure. Users of the test method must review modes for face exposure and assess the appropriateness of this test method for their specific application.
1.3 This test method primarily addresses the performance of materials or certain material constructions used in medical face masks. This test method does not address the performance of the medical face mask’s design, construction, or interfaces or other factors with the potential to affect the overall protection offered by the medical face mask and its operation (such as filtration efficiency and pressure drop). Procedures for measuring these properties are contained in Test Methods F2101 and MIL-M-36954C.
1.4 This test method does not address breathability of the medical face mask materials or any other properties affecting the ease of breathing through the medical face mask. This test method evaluates medical face masks as an item of protective clothing. This test method does not evaluate the performance of medical face masks for airborne exposure pathways or in the prevention of the penetration of aerosolized body fluids deposited on the medical face mask.
1.5 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The pressure values stated in each system are not exact equivalents. However, as the corresponding velocities are within 1 % of each other, (see X1.4.2), reporting of the results in either units is permitted.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of...
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Designation: F1862/F1862M − 13
Standard Test Method for
Resistance of Medical Face Masks to Penetration by
Synthetic Blood (Horizontal Projection of Fixed Volume at a
1
Known Velocity)
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF1862/F1862M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Workers, primarily those in the health care profession, involved in treating and caring for
individuals injured or sick, can be exposed to biological liquids capable of transmitting disease.These
diseases, which may be caused by a variety of microorganisms, can pose significant risks to life and
health. This is especially true of blood-borne viruses which cause Hepatitis (Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) [Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)]. Because engineering controls can not eliminate all possible
exposures, attention is placed on reducing the potential of direct skin and mucous membrane contact
through the use of protective clothing that resists penetration (29 CFR Part 1910.1030). This test
method was developed for ranking the synthetic blood penetration resistance performance of medical
ace masks in a manner representing actual use as might occur when the face mask is contacted by a
high velocity stream of blood from a punctured wound.
1. Scope 1.4 This test method does not address breathability of the
medical face mask materials or any other properties affecting
1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the resistance of
the ease of breathing through the medical face mask. This test
medical face masks to penetration by the impact of a small
method evaluates medical face masks as an item of protective
volume (~2 mL) of a high velocity stream of synthetic blood.
clothing. This test method does not evaluate the performance
Medicalfacemask pass/faildeterminationsarebasedonvisual
ofmedicalfacemasksforairborneexposurepathwaysorinthe
detection of synthetic blood penetration.
prevention of the penetration of aerosolized body fluids depos-
1.2 This test method does not apply to all forms or condi-
ited on the medical face mask.
tions of blood-borne pathogen exposure. Users of the test
1.5 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to
method must review modes for face exposure and assess the
be regarded separately as standard. The pressure values stated
appropriateness of this test method for their specific applica-
in each system are not exact equivalents. However, as the
tion.
corresponding velocities are within 1 % of each other, (see
1.3 Thistestmethodprimarilyaddressestheperformanceof
X1.4.2), reporting of the results in either units is permitted.
materialsorcertainmaterialconstructionsusedinmedicalface
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
masks. This test method does not address the performance of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the medical face mask’s design, construction, or interfaces or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
other factors with the potential to affect the overall protection
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
offered by the medical face mask and its operation (such as
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
filtration efficiency and pressure drop). Procedures for measur-
ing these properties are contained in Test Methods F2101 and
2. Referenced Documents
MIL-M-36954C.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF23onPersonal
Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
F23.40 on Biological. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F1862 - 07. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F1862_F1862M-13. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1862/F1862M − 13
D891 TestMethodsforSpecificGravity,Apparent,ofLiquid 3.1.5 body fluid simulant, n—a liquid that is used to act as a
Industrial Chemicals model for human body fluids.
D1331 Test Methods for Surface and Interfacial Tension of
3.1.6 medical face mask, n—an item of protective clothing
Solutions of Paints, Solvents, Solutions of Surface-Active
designed to protec
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1862 − 07 F1862/F1862M − 13
Standard Test Method for
Resistance of Medical Face Masks to Penetration by
Synthetic Blood (Horizontal Projection of Fixed Volume at a
1
Known Velocity)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1862;F1862/F1862M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Workers, primarily those in the health care profession, involved in treating and caring for
individuals injured or sick, can be exposed to biological liquids capable of transmitting disease. These
diseases, which may be caused by a variety of microorganisms, can pose significant risks to life and
health. This is especially true of blood-borne viruses which cause Hepatitis (Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) [Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)]. Because engineering controls can not eliminate all possible
exposures, attention is placed on reducing the potential of direct skin and mucous membrane contact
through the use of protective clothing that resists penetration (29 CFR Part 1910.1030). This test
method was developed for ranking the synthetic blood penetration resistance performance of medical
ace masks in a manner representing actual use as might occur when the face mask is contacted by a
high velocity stream of blood from a punctured wound.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the resistance of medical face masks to penetration by the impact of a small volume
(~2 mL) of a high velocity stream of synthetic blood. Medical face mask pass/fail determinations are based on visual detection
of synthetic blood penetration.
1.2 This test method does not apply to all forms or conditions of blood-borne pathogen exposure. Users of the test method must
review modes for face exposure and assess the appropriateness of this test method for their specific application.
1.3 This test method primarily addresses the performance of materials or certain material constructions used in medical face
masks. This test method does not address the performance of the medical face mask’s design, construction, or interfaces or other
factors with the potential to affect the overall protection offered by the medical face mask and its operation (such as filtration
efficiency and pressure drop). Procedures for measuring these properties are contained in Test Methods F2101 and MIL-M-
36954C.
1.4 This test method does not address breathability of the medical face mask materials or any other properties affecting the ease
of breathing through the medical face mask. This test method evaluates medical face masks as an item of protective clothing. This
test method does not evaluate the performance of medical face masks for airborne exposure pathways or in the prevention of the
penetration of aerosolized body fluids deposited on the medical face mask.
1.5 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The pressure values stated in
each system are not exact equivalents. However, as the corresponding velocities are within 1 % of each other, (see X1.4.2),
reporting of the results in either units is permitted.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F23.40 on Biological.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007Dec. 1, 2013. Published February 2007December 2013. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20052007
as F1862 - 05.F1862 - 07. DOI: 10.1520/F1862-07.10.1520/F1862_F1862M-13.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1862/F1862M − 13
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid Industrial Chemicals
D1331 Test Methods for Surface and Interfacial Tension of Solutions of Surface-Active Agents
E105 Practice for Probabi
...
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