ASTM D4176-04

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An American National Standard
Designation:D4176–04
Standard Test Method for
Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels
1
(Visual Inspection Procedures)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4176; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D 4860 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Con-
tamination in Mid-Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Nu-
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for estimating
merical Rating)
the presence of suspended free water and solid particulate
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
contamination in distillate fuels having distillation end points
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Distillate Fuel Bar Chart
below 400°C and an ASTM color of 5 or less.
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Distillate Fuel Haze Rating Standard
1.1.1 Both procedures can be used as field tests at storage
temperatures, or as laboratory tests at controlled temperatures.
3. Terminology
1.1.2 Procedure 1 provides a rapid pass/fail method for
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
contamination. Procedure 2 provides a gross numerical rating
3.1.1 clear-and-bright (also termed clean-and-bright)—a
of haze appearance.
condition in which the fuel is free of haze or cloudiness.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.2 free water—water in excess of that soluble in the fuel
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
at the temperature of the test, and appearing in the fuel as a
only.
haze or cloudiness, or as droplets.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3 particulates—smallsolidorsemisolidparticles,some-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
times referred to as silt or sediment, that may or may not be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
suspended in the fuel as a result of contamination by air-blown
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
dusts, corrosion by-products, fuel instability, or protective-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
coating deterioration.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 In Procedure 1 approximately 900 mL of fuel is placed
D 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-
into a clear, glass, 1–L jar and is examined visually for clarity.
ucts (ASTM Color Scale)
The sample is then swirled and examined for visual sediment
D 1744 Test Method for Water in Liquid Petroleum Prod-
3 or water drops below the vortex.
ucts by Karl Fischer Reagent
4.2 In Procedure 2 approximately 900 mL of fuel is placed
D 2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Avia-
into a clear, glass, 1–L jar and is examined visually for clarity.
tion Fuel by Line Sampling
Fuel clarity is rated by placing a standard bar chart behind the
D 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
sample and comparing its visual appearance with the standard
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
haze rating photos. The sample is then swirled and examined
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
for visual sediment or water drops below the vortex.
Petroleum Products
4.3 When field testing, both Procedures 1 and 2 are per-
formed immediately after sampling and at storage temperature
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
conditions.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originally
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 4176–02.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Request Adjunct No.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on ADJD417601.
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the ASTM website. Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Request Adjunct No.
3
Withdrawn. ADJD417602.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4176–04
4.4 When lab testing, both Procedures 1 and 2 are per- 7.5 Temperature Sensing Device (TSD), capable of monitor-
formed after the sample has equilibrated at the test temperature ing the observed test temperature to within an accuracy of
of interest. 60.5°C (61°F) for use in labora
...