ASTM F2248-12
(Practice)Standard Practice for Specifying an Equivalent 3-Second Duration Design Loading for Blast Resistant Glazing Fabricated with Laminated Glass
Standard Practice for Specifying an Equivalent 3-Second Duration Design Loading for Blast Resistant Glazing Fabricated with Laminated Glass
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides a design load suitable for sizing blast resistant glazing comprised of laminated glass or insulating glass fabricated with laminated glass.
5.2 Blast resistant glazing comprised of laminated glass or insulating glass fabricated with laminated glass shall be sized to resist the 3-second duration equivalent design loading from this standard practice using the procedures described in Practice E1300.
5.3 Blast resistant glazing comprised of laminated glass or insulating glass fabricated with laminated glass sized using the 3-second design loading determined from this practice will fracture safely in the event of a blast, thus reducing the potential for personal injury, structural and non-structural building damage, and cleanup costs should an explosion occur.
5.4 In the event a blast loading never occurs to blast resistant glazing comprised of laminated glass or insulating glass fabricated with laminated glass sized using the 3-second duration loading determined herein, the blast resistant glazing will have a probability of breakage less than or equal to 8 lites per 1000 at the first occurrence of a loading equal to the 3-second duration design loading determined herein.
5.5 Blast resistant glazing designed to resist the 3-second equivalent load as determined herein, properly supported, will perform to minimal hazard as defined in Test Method F1642.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice sets forth a method to specify an equivalent 3-second design loading suitable to use with Practice E1300 to select the thickness and type of blast resistant glazing fabricated with laminated glass to glaze a fenestration. Glass plies used to construct laminated glass are recommended to be either annealed or heat strengthened glass.
1.2 This practice applies to blast resistant glazing fabricated using laminated glass only, including single laminated glass and insulating glass fabricated with laminated glass. As a minimum, insulating glass shall use laminated glass for the inboard (protected side) lite.
1.3 This practice assumes that blast resistant glazing shall be adhered to its supporting frame using structural silicone sealant or adhesive glazing tape. The width of the structural silicone sealant bead shall be at least equal to the larger of 10-mm (3/8-in.) or the thickness designation of the glass to which it adheres but not larger than two times the thickness designation of the glass to which it adheres. The minimum thickness of the structural silicone bead shall be 5-mm (3/16-in.). The width of glazing tape shall be at least equal to two times but not more than four times the thickness designation of the glass to which it adheres. The width of silicone or glazing tape is referred to as bite and is shown and discussed in Guide C1564.
1.4 This practice assumes that the structural silicone bead or glazing tape is applied to both sides of single lite laminated glass but need only be applied to the inboard side (protected side) of insulating glass.
1.5 This practice assumes the framing members shall restrict deflections of edges of blast resistant glazing they support to L/60 under 2.0× the load resistance of the blast resistant glazing for inward loading, where L denotes the length of the supported edge.
1.6 This practice assumes the framing system supporting the blast resistant glazing shall attach mechanically to the structural framing system. The system shall be designed to ensure that the glazing fails prior to the framing system that supports the glazing and its attachment to the structural framing system. The fasteners that attach the framing system that supports the glazing to the structural framing system shall be designed to resist a uniform load acting on the blast resistant glazing that has a magnitude of at least:
1.6.1 Two (2.0) times the magnitude of the load resistance of the blast resistant glazing if the maximum air blast pressure is greater than one ha...
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Designation: F2248 − 12
Standard Practice for
Specifying an Equivalent 3-Second Duration Design Loading
for Blast Resistant Glazing Fabricated with Laminated
1
Glass
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2248; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Historical records show that fragments from glazing that has failed as the result of intentional or
accidental explosions present a serious threat of personal injury. Glazing failure also allows blast
pressure to enter the interior of buildings thus resulting in additional threat of personal injury and
facility damage. This standard practice provides a means for designers to determine equivalent
3-second duration design loadings with which they can size blast resistant glazing comprised of
laminated glass or insulating glass fabricated with laminated glass, or both. Blast resistant glazing
systems of this genre can reduce the number and size of glass fragments in an explosion as well as
reducing greatly or eliminating blast pressure that enters buildings when an explosion occurs.
1. Scope the glass to which it adheres. The width of silicone or glazing
tape is referred to as bite and is shown and discussed in Guide
1.1 This practice sets forth a method to specify an equiva-
C1564.
lent 3-second design loading suitable to use with Practice
E1300toselectthethicknessandtypeofblastresistantglazing 1.4 Thispracticeassumesthatthestructuralsiliconebeador
fabricated with laminated glass to glaze a fenestration. Glass
glazing tape is applied to both sides of single lite laminated
plies used to construct laminated glass are recommended to be glass but need only be applied to the inboard side (protected
either annealed or heat strengthened glass.
side) of insulating glass.
1.2 Thispracticeappliestoblastresistantglazingfabricated 1.5 This practice assumes the framing members shall re-
using laminated glass only, including single laminated glass
strictdeflectionsofedgesofblastresistantglazingtheysupport
and insulating glass fabricated with laminated glass. As a to L/60 under 2.0× the load resistance of the blast resistant
minimum, insulating glass shall use laminated glass for the
glazing for inward loading, where L denotes the length of the
inboard (protected side) lite. supported edge.
1.3 This practice assumes that blast resistant glazing shall
1.6 Thispracticeassumestheframingsystemsupportingthe
be adhered to its supporting frame using structural silicone blast resistant glazing shall attach mechanically to the struc-
sealant or adhesive glazing tape. The width of the structural
tural framing system. The system shall be designed to ensure
silicone sealant bead shall be at least equal to the larger of that the glazing fails prior to the framing system that supports
3
10-mm ( ⁄8-in.) or the thickness designation of the glass to
theglazinganditsattachmenttothestructuralframingsystem.
which it adheres but not larger than two times the thickness
The fasteners that attach the framing system that supports the
designation of the glass to which it adheres. The minimum
glazing to the structural framing system shall be designed to
3
thickness of the structural silicone bead shall be 5-mm ( ⁄16-
resist a uniform load acting on the blast resistant glazing that
in.). The width of glazing tape shall be at least equal to two
has a magnitude of at least:
timesbutnotmorethanfourtimesthethicknessdesignationof
1.6.1 Two (2.0) times the magnitude of the load resistance
of the blast resistant glazing if the maximum air blast pressure
is greater than one half the magnitude of the load resistance of
1 the blast resistant glazing, or
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 on Security
Systems and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.10 on
1.6.2 One(1.0)timesthemagnitudeoftheloadresistanceof
Systems Products and Services.
the blast resistant glazing if the maximum air blast pressure is
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally
less than one half the magnitude of the load resistance of the
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2248–09. DOI:
10.1520/F2248-12. blast resistant glazing.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F2248 − 12
1.7 Blast resistant glazing designed using this practice 3.1.3 equivalent TNT charge mass, n—mass of TNT placed
recommends the use of annealed or heat strengthened glass on the ground in a hemi
...
Designation: F2248 − 09 F2248 − 12
Standard Practice for
Specifying an Equivalent 3-Second Duration Design Loading
for Blast Resistant Glazing Fabricated with Laminated
1
Glass
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2248; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Historical records show that fragments from glazing that has failed as the result of intentional or
accidental explosions present a serious threat of personal injury. Glazing failure also allows blast
pressure to enter the interior of buildings thus resulting in additional threat of personal injury and
facility damage. This standard practice provides a means for designers to determine equivalent
3-second duration design loadings with which they can size blast resistant glazing comprised of
laminated glass or insulating glass fabricated with laminated glass, or both. Blast resistant glazing
systems of this genre can reduce the number and size of glass fragments in an explosion as well as
reducing greatly or eliminating blast pressure that enters buildings when an explosion occurs.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice sets forth a method to specify an equivalent 3-second design loading suitable to use with Practice E1300 to
select the thickness and type of blast resistant glazing fabricated with laminated glass to glaze a fenestration. Glass plies used to
construct laminated glass are recommended to be either annealed or heat strengthened glass.
1.2 This practice applies to blast resistant glazing fabricated using laminated glass only, including single laminated glass and
insulating glass fabricated with laminated glass. As a minimum, insulating glass shall use laminated glass for the inboard (protected
side) lite.
1.3 This practice assumes that blast resistant glazing shall be adhered to its supporting frame using structural silicone sealant
3
or adhesive glazing tape. The width of the structural silicone sealant bead shall be at least equal to the larger of 10-mm ( ⁄8-in.)
or the thickness designation of the glass to which it adheres but not larger than two times the thickness designation of the glass
3
to which it adheres. The minimum thickness of the structural silicone bead shall be 5-mm ( ⁄16-in.). The width of glazing tape shall
be at least equal to two times but not more than four times the thickness designation of the glass to which it adheres. The width
of silicone or glazing tape is referred to as bite and is shown and discussed in Guide C1564.
1.4 This practice assumes that the structural silicone bead or glazing tape is applied to both sides of single lite laminated glass
but need only be applied to the inboard side (protected side) of insulating glass.
1.5 This practice assumes the framing members shall restrict deflections of edges of blast resistant glazing they support to L/60
under 2.0× the load resistance of the blast resistant glazing for inward loading, where L denotes the length of the supported edge.
1.6 This practice assumes the framing system supporting the blast resistant glazing shall attach mechanically to the structural
framing system. The system shall be designed to ensure that the glazing fails prior to the framing system that supports the glazing
and its attachment to the structural framing system. The fasteners that attach the framing system that supports the glazing to the
structural framing system shall be designed to resist a uniform load acting on the blast resistant glazing that has a magnitude of
at least:
1.6.1 Two (2.0) times the magnitude of the load resistance of the blast resistant glazing if the maximum air blast pressure is
greater than one half the magnitude of the load resistance of the blast resistant glazing, or
1.6.2 One (1.0) times the magnitude of the load resistance of the blast resistant glazing if the maximum air blast pressure is less
than one half the magnitude of the load resistance of the blast resistant glazing.
1.7 Blast resistant glazing designed using this practice recommends the use of annealed or heat strengthened glass plies for the
laminated glass. Blast testing has shown that use of fully tempered glass plies, when fractured during a blast event, have poorer
post blast performance than annealled or heat strengthened glass plies. Laminated glass fabricated with fully tempered glass plies
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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F2248 − 12
has a tendency to leave the supporting glazing system frame after fracture whereas laminated glass fabricated with annealed or heat
strengthened glass plies will remain in the frame and absorb remaining load through tensile membrane behavior. Us
...
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