ASTM D7423-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5 Hydrocarbon Matrices by Gas Chromatography and Flame Ionization Detection
Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5 Hydrocarbon Matrices by Gas Chromatography and Flame Ionization Detection
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of oxygenates is important in the manufacture of ethene, propene, 1-3 butadiene, C4 hydrocarbons, and C5 hydrocarbons. Alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, and ketones are trace impurities in these hydrocarbons. Oxygenates decrease catalyst activity in downstream polymerization processes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the gas chromatographic procedure for the quantitative determination of organic oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5 matrices by multidimensional gas chromatography and flame ionization detection. This test method is applicable when the hydrocarbon matrices have a final boiling point not greater than 200 °C. Oxygenate compounds include, but are not limited to, those listed in Table 1. The linear working range for oxygenates is 0.50 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg.
TABLE 1 Oxygenates and Typical Retention Times
Components
Retention Time (min)
Dimethyl ether
6.18
Diethyl ether
8.44
Acetaldehyde
8.89
Ethyl tert-butyl ether
10.66
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)
10.92
Diisopropyl ether
11.22
Propionaldehyde (Propanal)
12.00
Tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME)
13.19
Propyl ether
14.00
Isobutylaldehyde
14.10
Butylaldehyde
14.50
Methanol
14.91
Acetone
15.39
Isovaleraldehyde
16.00
Valeraldehyde
16.10
2-Butanone (MEK)
17.14
Ethanol
17.51
N-propyl alcohol and isopropanol
19.20 (co-elution)
Allyl Alcohol
20.00
Isobutanol, Tert-butyl alcohol, Sec-Butanol
20.24 (co-elution)
N-butanol
20.84
1.2 This test method is intended to determine the mass concentration of each oxygenate in the hydrocarbon matrix. Oxygenate compound identification is determined by reference standards and column elution retention order.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D7423 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5
Hydrocarbon Matrices by Gas Chromatography and Flame
1
Ionization Detection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7423; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the gas chromatographic pro-
D1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP)
cedure for the quantitative determination of organic oxygenates
Gases, Manual Method
in C2, C3, C4, and C5 matrices by multidimensional gas
D1835 Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
chromatography and flame ionization detection. This test
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
method is applicable when the hydrocarbon matrices have a
Fuels, and Lubricants
final boiling point not greater than 200 °C. Oxygenate com-
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
pounds include, but are not limited to, those listed in Table 1.
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
The linear working range for oxygenates is 0.50 mg ⁄kg to
Measurement System Performance
100 mg ⁄kg.
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
1.2 This test method is intended to determine the mass Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
Lubricants
concentration of each oxygenate in the hydrocarbon matrix.
D6849 Practice for Storage and Use of Liquefied Petroleum
Oxygenate compound identification is determined by reference
Gases (LPG) in Sample Cylinders for LPG Test Methods
standards and column elution retention order.
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ASTM Test Methods
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relation-
standard.
ships
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Additional terminology related to the practice of gas
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
chromatography can be found in Practice E355.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), n—a mixture of nor-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
mally gaseous hydrocarbons, predominantly propane or
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
butane, or both, that has been liquefied by compression or
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
cooling, or both, to facilitate storage, transport, and handling.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D4175
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 3.2.2 oxygenate, n—an oxygen-containing ashless organic
compound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used as
a fuel or fuel supplement. D4175
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.3.1 Dean’s switching method—representative aliquot of
sample is injected on-column using a sample valve (or via a gas
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.D0.04 on C4 and C5 Hydrocarbons. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally approved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 2009. Last pervious edition approved in 2016 as D7423 – 16a. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D7423-17. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7423 − 17
TABLE 1 Oxygenates and Typical Retention Times
Components Retention Time (min)
Dimethyl ether 6.18
Diethyl ether 8.44
Acetaldehyde 8.89
Ethyl tert-butyl ether 10.66
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) 10.92
Diisopropyl ether 11.22
Propionaldehyde (Propanal) 12.00
Tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) 13.19
Propyl ether 14.00
Isobutylaldehyde 14.10
Butylaldehyde 14.50
Methanol 14.91
Acetone 15.39
Isovaleraldehyde 16.00
Valeraldehyde 16.10
2-Butanone (MEK) 17.14
Ethanol 17.51
N-propyl alcohol and isoprop
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7423 − 16a D7423 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5
Hydrocarbon Matrices by Gas Chromatography and Flame
1
Ionization Detection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7423; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the gas chromatographic procedure for the quantitative determination of organic oxygenates in C2,
C3, C4, and C5 matrices by multidimensional gas chromatography and flame ionization detection. This test method is applicable
when the hydrocarbon matrices have a final boiling point not greater than 200 °C. Oxygenate compounds include, but are not
limited to, those listed in Table 1. The linear working range for oxygenates is 0.50 mg ⁄kg to 100 mg ⁄kg.
1.2 This test method is intended to determine the mass concentration of each oxygenate in the hydrocarbon matrix. Oxygenate
compound identification is determined by reference standards and column elution retention order.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases, Manual Method
D1835 Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D6849 Practice for Storage and Use of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) in Sample Cylinders for LPG Test Methods
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships
3. Terminology
3.1 Additional terminology related to the practice of gas chromatography can be found in Practice E355.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), n—a mixture of normally gaseous hydrocarbons, predominantly propane or butane, or
both, that has been liquefied by compression or cooling, or both, to facilitate storage, transport, and handling. D4175
3.2.2 oxygenate, n—an oxygen-containing ashless organic compound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used as a fuel
or fuel supplement. D4175
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.D0.04 on C4 and C5 Hydrocarbons.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016June 1, 2017. Published January 2017July 2017. Originally approved in 2009. Last pervious edition approved in 2016 as
ɛ1
D7423 – 16D7423 – 16a. . DOI: 10.1520/D7423-16A.10.1520/D7423-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7423 − 17
TABLE 1 Oxygenates and Typical Retention Times
Components Retention Time (min)
Dimethyl ether 6.18
Diethyl ether 8.44
Acetaldehyde 8.89
Ethyl tert-butyl ether 10.66
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) 10.92
Diisopropyl ether 11.22
Propionaldehyde (Propanal) 12.00
Tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) 13.19
Propyl ether 14.00
Isobutylaldehyde 14.10
Butylalde
...
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