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ASTM E546-88(1999)e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Frost Point of Sealed Insulating Glass Units

Standard Test Method for Frost Point of Sealed Insulating Glass Units

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method and the apparatus described are intended primarily for sealed insulating glass units positioned horizontally. If the procedure is applied to such units in other than a horizontal position, the results may not be comparable to those obtained by this procedure.
Note 1—A similar method is Test Method E 576.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a laboratory procedure for determining the frost point within the air space(s) of sealed insulating glass units, and establishes the criteria for determining whether that point is below or above a given or specified temperature.
1.2 This test method also describes the apparatus to be used for these determinations.
1.3 The values stated in metric (SI) units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Notes 2 and X1.1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-1999
ICS
91.060.50 - Doors and windows
Technical Committee
E06 - Performance of Buildings
Drafting Committee
E06.22 - Durability Performance of Building Constructions
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E546-08 - Standard Test Method for Frost/Dew Point of Sealed Insulating Glass Units
Effective Date
01-Apr-2008
Referred By
ASTM E2188-19 - Standard Test Method for Insulating Glass Unit Performance
Effective Date
10-Oct-1999
Referred By
ASTM E631-15 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
Effective Date
10-Oct-1999
Referred By
ASTM E2190-19 - Standard Specification for Insulating Glass Unit Performance and Evaluation
Effective Date
10-Oct-1999

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ASTM E546-88(1999)e1 - Standard Test Method for Frost Point of Sealed Insulating Glass UnitsASTM E546-88(1999)e1 - Standard Test Method for Frost Point of Sealed Insulating Glass Units
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ASTM E546-88(1999)e1 - Standard Test Method for Frost Point of Sealed Insulating Glass Units
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation: E 546 – 88 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Method for
Frost Point of Sealed Insulating Glass Units
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E546; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e NOTE—Keywords were added in October 1999.
1. Scope 3.2 frost state—the case where the frost point of a sealed
insulating glass unit is above the test temperature specified by
1.1 This test method describes a laboratory procedure for
the purchaser or user.
determining the frost point within the air space(s) of sealed
3.3 no-froststate—thecasewherethefrostpointofasealed
insulating glass units, and establishes the criteria for determin-
insulating glass unit is below the temperature specified by the
ing whether that point is below or above a given or specified
purchaser or user.
temperature.
1.2 This test method also describes the apparatus to be used
4. Summary of Test Method
for these determinations.
4.1 This test method is conducted by the use of a special
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
apparatus, consisting basically of two chilled cylindrical metal
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
blocks positioned one over the other and separated by a gap of
only.
controllable distance. The upper block has an exposed flat
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
circular surface, 25 mm (1 in.) in diameter, and can be chilled
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to far below the ice point by regulating the air-gap distance
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
between it and the lower metal block which is maintained at
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
approximately−78°C (−109°F) by dry ice. The test specimen
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
is placed in contact with this chilled flat circular surface of the
statements, see Notes 2 and X1.1.
upper block for specified short periods of time, with the metal
2. Referenced Documents surface at successively lower temperatures, to determine at
what temperature frost appears on the corresponding lower air
2.1 ASTM Standards:
space glass surface.
C1036 Specification for Flat Glass
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
5. Significance and Use
mometers
5.1 This test method and the apparatus described are in-
E576 Test Method for Frost Point of Sealed Insulating
4 tended primarily for sealed insulating glass units positioned
Glass Units in Vertical Position
horizontally. If the procedure is applied to such units in other
3. Terminology thanahorizontalposition,theresultsmaynotbecomparableto
those obtained by this procedure.
3.1 frost point—the temperature at which visible frost
begins to deposit on the lower air space glass surface of a
NOTE 1—A similar method is Test Method E576.
sealed insulating glass unit in contact with the measuring
6. Apparatus
surface of the frost point apparatus.
6.1 Test Apparatus (see Fig. 1), consisting of upper and
lowercylindricalmetalblocks,withathermocouple,bimetallic
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-6 on
thermometer, or other suitable temperature sensors being
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.22
inserted in the upper block; a control ring; and an insulated
on Durability Performance of Building Constructions.
containment cylinder fitted with a retainer spring assembly.
CurrenteditionapprovedMarch25,1988.PublishedSeptember1988.Originally
published as E546–75. Last previous edition E546–83.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03. Available from Dennis Industries, 20032 Waynegarden Court, Germantown,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07. MD 20874.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 546
Parts List
Part No. Nomenclature Part No. Nomenclature
1 upper metal block 12 supporting ring, bottom of inner tube
2 lower metal block 13 control ring
3 top cover 14 cover lid, inner tube
4 supporting plate, upper metal block 15 elbow
5 spacer 16 tube, nylon
6 spring, upper metal block 17 main spring
7 supporting plate, top of inner tube 18 spacer
8 outer tube 19 bearing
9 inner tube 20 bimetallic dial thermometer
10 disk, dry ice pushing 21 dial indicator
11 clamp, dial gage 22 heat source block
FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Frost Point Apparatus
The two metal blocks are separated by a small air gap, the gap. The circular measuring surface of the upper block is thus
distance of which can be regulated by the control ring. The readily adjusted to the desired temperature while in contact
exposedflatcircularsurfaceoftheupperblockis25mm(1in.) with the test specimen. The circular measuring surface diam-
in diameter, has a ground or lapped finish, and when placed in eter specified is suitable for frost point measurement of glass
contact with the glass test specimen, forms the frost point up to 6.0 mm ( ⁄4 in.) thick.
measuringsurface.Thelowerblockischilledbyadryicepack 6.1.1 Upper and Lower Metal Blocks, aluminum alloy that
kept in contact with it by the retainer spring assembly, may be anodized, conforming to the dimensions shown in Fig.
maintaining it at a temperature near to that of sublimating dry 1. Other parts of the apparatus may be fabricated from any
ice (−78°C (−109°F)). Because the solid metal blocks are appropriate materials.
highlyconductive,thetemperatureofeachisvirtuallyuniform. 6.1.2 Calibrated Temperature-Measuring Device, such as a
Useofthecontrolringadjuststheairgapdistancebetweenthe thermocouple, thermistor, or bimetallic thermometer, having a
two blocks to give the desired thermal resistance across the air suitable range graduated in 1°C (2°F) or smaller units, and an
E 546
accuracy of 60.5°C (61°F) over the full scale. A suggested
calibration of the bimetallic thermometer is described in
Appendix X1.
7. Test Specimen
7.1 The specimen to be tested shall be representative of the
units to be evaluated and capable of being positioned horizon-
tally.
8. Conditioning
8.1 Prior to testing, condition the test specimen at a tem-
perature of 24 6 3°C (75 6 5°F) for not less than 24 h.
9. Procedure
9.1 Preparation of Apparatus:
9.1.1 Disassemble the apparatus by taking out the dry ice
container and retainer spring assembly. Carefully clean the
measuringsurfacewithasoftclothorpaper.Donotscratchthe
measuring surface.Wipe and clean the apparatus thoroughly if
any moisture is condensed on the surfaces and walls.
9.1.2 Assemble the dry ice container and turn the control
ringsothattheairgapdistancebetweenupperandlowermetal
blocksisabout13mm(0.5in.).Inverttheapparatusontoasoft
cloth.
9.1.3 Spray alcohol or acetone (Warning—See Note 2) on
FIG. 2 Cross Section of Sealed Insulating Glass Unit for Frost
the fin of the dry ice container to ensure good contact with the Point Measurement
dry ice. Compactly charge the container with the crushed or
pulverized dry ice up to the “full’’ mark. Compress the dry ice
9.3.5 Bring the temperature of the upper metal block to the
with the spring assembly and lock the cover lid.
temperature to be checked for frost and stabilize it by fine
adjustment of the control ring. Temperature fluctuation should
NOTE 2—Warning:Both alcohol and acetone are flammable.
not exceed 61°C (2°F).
9.1.4 Return the apparatus to an upright position and secure
9.3.6 Maintain the stabilized temperature for a duration as
it onto a horizontal surface. Allow sufficient time for the
follows:
temperature of the lower metal block to approach that of the
Glass Thickness Designation, Stabilized Temperature—Duration,
dry ice temperature.
mm (in.) min
9.2 Recharging of Apparatus: 3
2.5 ( ⁄32)3
3.0 ( ⁄8)3
9.2.1 During the test procedure, replenish the supply of dry
5.0 ( ⁄16)4
ice whenever it becomes depleted by turning the apparatus
6.0 ( ⁄4)5
upside down on a soft cloth, opening the cover lid, taking out
NOTE 3—See Specification C1036 for glass thickness tolerances.
the retainer spring assembly, and repeating steps 9.1.3 and
9.1.4. 9.3.7 Wipe off the condensation that may have occurred on
9.3 Determination of Frost State and No-Frost State: the upper exterior surface of glass, or spray the upper surface
9.3.1 Charge the frost point apparatus with dry ice as
with clear water.
described in 9.1 or 9.2. 9.3.8 Examine the lower air space glass surface in contact
9.3.2 Clean both exterior
...

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a uniform static air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.  
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1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.1.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2268-04(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, and Doors by Rapid Pulsed Air Pressure Difference

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration during rapid cyclic pulses of dynamic air pressure differences. The air-pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors should be fully considered prior to specifying the test pressure difference to be used.  
5.2 The median test pressure used in this test method is defined as the specified test pressure supplied by the user and related to the maximum positive building design pressure. This test method departs from the format of other ASTM water penetration resistance test methods based on a maximum test pressure related to a maximum positive building design pressure.  
5.3 As the specified or median test pressure is increased, the maximum test pressure in this procedure is also increased to 1.5 times the specification median test pressure. This higher maximum test pressure may not be representative of actual building service conditions. For this reason the maximum recommended median test pressure is 480 Pa (10 psf), which corresponds to a maximum test pressure of 720 Pa (15 psf).  
5.4 The pulsed pressure of this test method may act to pump water past dry seals and breather systems of units incorporating these features, thereby making the test method more severe than a static pressure test method. On the other hand, the low pressure portions of the pressure cycles of this test method may allow weep systems and drainage dams to dissipate water from units incorporating these features, thereby making the test method less severe than a static pressure test method.
Note 1: In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function of proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, (vibration, thermal expansion and ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of exterior windows, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a rapid pulsed air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to windows, skylights, or doors alone. Those interested in testing curtain walls to rapid pulsed air pressure differences should use AAMA 501.1-94.  
1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through a manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly, but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may have adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such as sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test method does not address these issues.  
1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1425-14(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining the Acoustical Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylight, and Glazed Wall Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Air Leakage Relative to Sound Transmission—Certain frequencies are more susceptible to sound transmission through cavities or discontinuities in the test specimen; therefore, the air leakage of the test specimen is reported to allow the approving authority information relative to air tightness.
Note 1: The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document provides air leakage acceptance criteria for these products based on their performance class. Acoustical products could require a lower air leakage rate than what is required in this standard in order to achieve the desired acoustical performance.  
4.2 Operating Force Relative to Sound Transmission—The use of specific sealing components to achieve a given sound rating could affect operating force of the vertical or horizontal sliding sash or panels of the assembly; therefore, operating force is reported to allow the approving authority information relative to sash or panel operating forces.
Note 2: The opening force in 28 CFR Part 36 ADA for interior hinged doors and sliding doors is limited to 5 lbf (22.2 N). The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document provides operating force acceptance criteria for products based on their performance class.  
4.3 Latching Force Relative to Sound Transmission—Latching force can affect the compression of seals and the amount of damping applied to the system that in turn affects the air leakage and the acoustical performance. The use of specific sealing components and latching/locking hardware can affect the force required to close and latch the door under test. The latching force is reported to allow the approving authority information relative to sash or panel latching conditions.
Note 3: The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document states that the maximum force to latch shall be measured and reported.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes requirements for testing and rating acoustical performance of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems, regardless of their method or materials of manufacture.  
1.1.1 Operating force, latching force, and air leakage are integral elements of the acoustical performance of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems. This practice requires (when applicable) the concurrent testing of operating force, latching force, and air leakage, in addition to the sound transmission loss test.  
1.2 This practice establishes the test methodology, specimen criteria, and classification rating system for purposes of determining the acoustical performance levels of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems only, and not through openings between such assemblies and adjacent construction.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1424-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Skylights, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified Pressure and Temperature Differences Across the Specimen

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The exterior building envelope and its components (for example, windows and doors) separate the interior conditioned spaces from exterior environmental factors such as heat, cold, rain, wind, noise dust, etc. Building materials and components can expand or contract to varying degrees, depending on seasonal and diurnal exterior ambient air temperatures. Fluctuations in the ambient air temperatures can alter the sealing characteristics of windows, curtain walls, and doors by changing weather seal compression ratios. Thermal expansion or contraction of framing materials coupled with thermal blowing due to temperature gradients through the product, and alterations in the effective leakage areas due to weather seal shrinkage and compression set, can also significantly alter the air leakage rates of these products in field service applications. Air leakage tests performed using Test Method E283 (a laboratory air leakage test performed at ambient temperature conditions) will not account accurately for changes in air leakage rates that may occur from dimensional changes in fenestration systems, materials, and components.  
5.2 It is recommended that test specifiers consult the manufacturer for recommended test temperature extremes.  
5.3 This procedure provides a means for evaluating air leakage rates of fenestration systems under various temperature and pressure conditions and air flow directions. It is also applicable for use in evaluating the efficiency of weather sealing products in fenestration systems. All air flow rates are converted to standard conditions to provide a means of comparison between measurements made at different ambient air temperature and pressure conditions.  
5.4 Air leakage rates are sometimes used for comparison purposes. Such comparisons may not be valid unless the components being tested and compared are of essentially the same size, configuration, and design.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a standard laboratory procedure for determining the air leakage rates of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors under specified differential air temperature and pressure conditions across the specimen.  
1.2 Specified temperature and pressure conditions are representative of those that may be encountered at the exterior thermal envelope of buildings, excluding the effects of heat buildup due to solar radiation.  
1.3 This laboratory procedure is applicable to exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors and is intended to measure only such leakage associated with the assembly and not the installation; however, the test method can be adapted for the latter purpose.  
1.4 This is a laboratory procedure for testing at differential temperature conditions. Persons interested in a laboratory test at ambient conditions should reference Test Method E283. Persons interested in a field test on installed windows and doors should reference Test Method E783.  
1.5 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeable in the areas of heat transfer, fluid mechanics, and instrumentation practices, and shall have a general understanding of fenestration products and components.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technic...

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    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off