ASTM C1666/C1666M-08(2023)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1666/C1666M − 08 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Specification for
Alkali Resistant (AR) Glass Fiber for GFRC and Fiber-
Reinforced Concrete and Cement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1666/C1666M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This specification covers minimum requirements for
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
alkali resistant (AR) glass fibers intended for use in glass
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
fiber-reinforced concrete (GFRC) by spray-up, glass fiber-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
reinforced concrete premix, fiber-reinforced concrete, and
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
other cementitious based products.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 This specification provides for AR glass fiber types and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
configurations that can be readily incorporated into concrete
mixes, typical physical properties, minimum zirconia content,
2. Referenced Documents
and prescribes testing procedures to establish conformance to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
these requirements.
D578/D578M Specification for Glass Fiber Strands
1.3 This specification does not address the types of coatings
D1577 Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers
or lubricants used in the manufacturing process of the fibers.
D2256/D2256M Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns
by the Single-Strand Method
1.4 In the case of conflict between a more stringent require-
D3800 Test Method for Density of High-Modulus Fibers
ment of a product specification and a requirement of this
D4963/D4963M Test Method for Ignition Loss of Glass
specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case
Fiber Strands and Fabrics
of a conflict between a requirement of the product specification
or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent
2.2 ISO Standards:
requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall ISO 1887 Textile Glass—Determination of Combustible-
prevail. The purchase order requirements shall not take prece-
Matter Content
dence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the
ISO 1888 Textile Glass—Staple Fibres or Filaments—
product specification or this specification; for example, by the
Determination of Average Diameter
waiving of a test requirement or by making a test requirement
ISO 1889 Reinforcement Yarns—Determination of Linear
less stringent.
Density
ISO 3341 Textile Glass Yarns—Determination of Breaking
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Force and Breaking Elongation
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in 2.3 EN Standards:
EN 14649 Precast Concrete Products—Test Method for
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining Strength Retention of Glass Fibre in Cement and Concrete
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
2.4 Japanese Industrial Standards:
with the standard.
JISR 3420 Testing Methods of Textile Glass Products
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1 3
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 on Precast Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Concrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.40 on Glass 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Fiber Reinforced Concrete. Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rue de
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally Stassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cenorm.be.
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C1666/ Available from Japanese Standards Organization (JSA), 4-1-24 Akasaka
C1666M – 08(2015). DOI: 10.1520/C1666_C1666M-08R23. Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 107-8440, Japan, http://www.jsa.or.ja.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1666/C1666M − 08 (2023)
3. Terminology 5.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue.
5.1.2 Quantity in kilograms [pounds or tons] for rovings or
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
chopped strands or in square metres [square feet or square
3.1.1 alkali resistant (AR) glass fiber, n—a glass fiber
yards] for textiles.
product that is resistant to the alkaline conditions that exist in
5.1.3 Type or types permissible (see 4.1).
matrices such as those based on Portland cement, and that are
5.1.4 Manufacturer’s product code, if not included in code,
used for the reinforcement of cement, mortar, and concrete
tex shall be specified for roving, length shall be specified for
products. The resistance is due mostly to the specific compo-
chopped strands, and weight/unit area or number of strands/
sition of the glass.
unit length shall be specified for textiles.
3.1.2 chopped strands, n—strands, as defined in 3.1.9,
5.1.5 Whether certificate of analysis by the manufacturer is
chopped to discrete lengths, usually between 3 and 50 mm
required.
[0.125 and 2 in.].
3.1.3 filament, n—a single glass fiber, sometimes referred to 6. Materials and Manufacture
as monofilament.
6.1 The materials and manufacturing methods used shall be
3.1.4 GFRC, n—glass fiber-reinforced concrete, sometimes
such that the fibers produced conform to the requirements in
referred to as GRC.
this specification.
3.1.5 matrix, n—the concrete (or mortar) without the glass
7. Chemical Composition
fiber reinforcement.
7.1 Alkali resistant glass fiber shall have a minimum of
3.1.6 roving, n—a number of parallel, continuous, not
16 % by mass of zirconium dioxide.
twisted, strands wound together to form a cylindrical package.
3.1.7 scrim or net, n—glass fiber roving or yarn strands laid
8. Mechanical Properties
in two directions at 90° and then bonded together to form a
8.1 The AR glass fiber roving or chopped strands shall be
non-woven stable structured textile fabric.
deemed to comply with the requirements of this specification if
3.1.8 size, n—coatings applied to filaments during manufac-
the results obtained on test samples comply with the values
ture that facilitate the processing of glass fibers and bond the
specified in Table 1.
filaments together. Different sizings can provide different
performance characteristics of the fibers.
9. Performance Requirements
3.1.9 strand, n—several parallel filaments of consistent
9.1 The strength of AR glass fiber shall be measured
diameter, bonded together with a size.
according to EN 14649.
3.1.10 tex, n—the weight in grams of one kilometre of
strand or roving.
3.1.11 woven roving, n—glass fiber roving products that are
TABLE 1 Test Requirements
produced by weaving into a structured textile fabric.
Property Specification Value Method of Test
A
3.1.12 yarn, n—glass fiber strands that are twisted together.
Zirconia content 16 % min X-ray fluorescence
(ZrO )
Density 2.68 ± 0.3 g/cm ASTM D3800
4. Classification
[167.0 ± 19 lb/ft ]
Tensile Strength 1.0–1.7 Gpa ASTM D2256/
4.1 AR glass fibers are available in three forms as follows:
3 3
[145 × 10 –246 × 10 psi] D2256M,
4.1.1 Type I, Roving—Avariety of different roving are manu-
ISO 3341,
JISR 3420
factured with different processing characteristics, which makes
Range of 8–30 μm ASTM D578/D578M,
them suitable for particular applications such as chopping and
-5 -5
Filament Diameters [31× 10 -118 × 10 in.] ISO 1888,
spraying, weaving and scrim manufacture, filament winding,
JISR 3420
Roving tex ±10 % of ASTM D1577,
and chopped strand production.
manufacturer’s nominal ISO 1889,
4.1.2 Type II, Chopped Strands—Available in lengths from
JISR 3420
3 mm [0.125 in.] to 50 mm [2.0 in.]. Chopped strands are
Strand length ±3 mm [±0.118 in.] Caliper—Average
of manufacturer’s nominal of 20 measurements
designed to remain either as integral bundles of filaments
End count ±20 % of Physical count
(usually referred to as integral strands) or to breakdown into
manufacturer’s nominal
individual filaments (filamentize) during mixing (usually re-
Loss on ignition <3 % ASTM D4963/
D4963M,
ferred to as water dispersible strands).
ISO 1887,
4.1.3 Type III, Textiles—Available as woven, knitted, or
JISR 3420
non-woven fabrics. Strength retention Minimum value after 96 ± 1 h EN 14649
in water at 80 ±1°C [176 ± 2 °F]
$250 MPa [36 250 psi]
5. Ordering Information
for water dispersible strands
$350 MPa [50 750 psi]
5.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify
for integral strands
all requirements that are necessary for the product under this
A
Any party that is interested in doing this test should contact an AR glass fiber
specification. Such requirements to be co
...