ASTM D187-08(2013)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D187 − 08 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Test Method for
Burning Quality of Kerosine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D187; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2.3 Other Document:
Formulas for Denatured Alcohol and Rum Treasury Dept.,
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of
U. S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, Publi-
the burning properties of kerosine to be used for illuminating
cation No. 368
purposes. (Warning—Combustible. Vapor harmful.)
3. Summary of Test Method
NOTE 1—The corresponding Energy Institute (IP) test method is IP 10
which features a quantitative evaluation of the wick-char-forming tenden-
3.1 The kerosine sample is burned for 16 h in a specified
cies of the kerosine, whereas Test Method D187 features a qualitative
lamp under specified conditions. The average rate of burning,
performance evaluation of the kerosine. Both test methods subject the
the change in the shape of the flame, and the density and color
kerosine to somewhat more severe operating conditions than would be
experienced in typical designated applications.
of the chimney deposit are reported.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4. Significance and Use
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
4.1 Since the information provided by this test method is
standard.
largely qualitative in nature, specific limits covering the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
following characteristics are required in referring to this test
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
method in specifications for kerosine:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1.1 Duration of the test: 16 h is understood, if not
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
otherwise specified;
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning
4.1.2 Permissible change in flame shape and dimensions
statements appear throughout the test method.
during the test;
2. Referenced Documents 4.1.3 Description of the acceptable appearance of the chim-
ney deposit.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating
5. Apparatus
Oils
5.1 Lamp Assembly, conforming essentially to the shape
D3699 Specification for Kerosine
anddimensionsshowninFig.1.Itisessentialtoensurethatthe
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
burner fits vertically into the oil reservoir and that the wick-
Petroleum Products
guide has parallel sides and is centrally disposed in relation to
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
the slot in the dome of the burner. Any distortion of the
Petroleum Products
wick-guide or dome will hinder attainment of the prescribed
2.2 Energy Institute Standard:
flame shape and render subsequent qualitative ratings unreli-
IP 10 Determination of kerosine burning characteristics - 24
able.
hour method
5.2 Wick, 19-mm paraffin flat, super quality, containing
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
approximately 43 ends of three-ply yarn, woven double plain
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of
approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D187–08. DOI: Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20401,
10.1520/D0187-08R13. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys.
2 5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM is Stanhope-Seta Limited, Park Close, Englefield Green, Egham, Surrey, England
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on TW20 OXD. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this
the ASTM website. information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which
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D187 − 08 (2013)
FIG. 2 Sight Gage
6.2 Hydrochloric Acid, Dilute (approximately 6 N).
6.3 Kerosine—See Specification D3699.
6.4 Precipitation Naphtha—See Reagent section in Test
Method D91.
7. Hazards
7.1 Specific Safety Hazards:
7.1.1 Formula 3A Denatured Ethanol—(Warning—
Flammable. Denatured—cannot be made nontoxic.)
7.1.2 Hydrochloric Acid—Dilute 6 N.(Warning—Causes
burns. Vapor harmful.)
7.1.3 Kerosine—(Warning—Combustible. Vapor harmful.)
7.1.4 Precipitation Naphtha—(Warning—Extremely flam-
mable. Harmful if inhaled. Vapors may cause flash fire.)
7.2 Technical Precautions:
7.2.1 Test Room—It is desirable to dedicate a suitable room
for the exclusive conduct of kerosine burning tests. However,
kerosine burning tests can be conducted in any part of a room
NOTE 1—All dimensions shown are in millimetres. Except where
that is adequately ventilated and reasonably free of drafts.
otherwise indicated, the tolerance for chimney dimensions is 61 mm.
When necessary, the test lamp should be surrounded with a
FIG. 1 Test Lamp
suitable circular shield to protect from drafts. The circular
shield is to be constructed of draft-proof material of about 600
weave with stitching ends, one blue stripe on one face and one
mm diameter and height.
green stripe on the reverse face, woven with approximately 16
7.2.2 Lamp Location—Place the test lamps at least 300 mm
picks per 10 mm, and weighing normally 15 g/m. After
apart and 300 mm from any wall or other obstruction.
weaving, the wick shall be boiled in distilled water and dried
7.2.3 Test Temperature—Maintain test room temperature
thoroughly.
above 15°C and allow the temperature of the kerosine to
5.2.1 The wick shall then be made into rolls and left for
approach equilibrium room temperature within at least 5°C.
seven days before it is cut into 200-mm lengths. The lengths
shall then be packed into suitable containers. The ash of the
8. Sampling
wick shall not exceed 0.4 weight %.
5 8.1 The fundamental objective of sampling is to obtain a
5.3 Sight Gage —A suitable flame-size measuring device,
sample for testing purposes that is truly representative of the
accurate to 1 mm. The sight gage shown in Fig. 2 is
entire quantity of a given bulk product tank, batch, shipment,
satisfactory.
and so forth, at the time and place of sampling.
6. Reagents and Materials
8.2 Thus, the sampling procedures employed are to ensure
6.1 Formula 3A Denatured Ethanol—See Formulas for initial procurement of a representative sample and also pre-
Denatured Alcohol and Rum. clude subsequent contamination or deterioration of the sample
D187 − 08 (2013)
during handling prior to testing. To this end, kerosine samples
for burning quality testing are to be obtained and handled in
strict accordance with Practices D4057 and D4177. Rigorous
compliance with stipulated provisions for precautions, care,
and cleanliness during sample handling is an essential require-
ment.
9. Preparation of Apparatus
9.1 Drain the lamp reservoir completely of any previous
kerosine sample (Warning—Combustible. Vapor har
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