ASTM E1004-99

Designation: E 1004 – 99 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the
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Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate a
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Measure of Quality for Lot or Process
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining the
E 543 Practice for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic metals using the elec-
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Testing
tromagnetic (eddy-current) method. The procedure has been
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E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
written primarily for use with commercially available direct
2.2 ASNT Documents:
reading electrical conductivity instruments. General purpose
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
eddy-current instruments may also be used for electrical
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cation and Certification In Nondestructive Testing
conductivity measurements but will not be addressed in this
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certi-
practice.
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fication of NDT Personnel
1.2 This practice is applicable to metals that have either a
2.3 AIA Standard:
flat or slightly curved surface and includes metals with or
NAS 410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
without a thin nonconductive coating.
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Testing Personnel
1.3 Eddy-current determinations of electrical conductivity
may be used in the sorting of metals with respect to variables
3. Terminology
such as type of alloy, aging, cold deformation, heat treatment,
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms relating to eddy-
effects associated with non-uniform heating or overheating,
current examination are given in Terminology E 1316.
and effects of corrosion. The usefulness of the examinations of
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
these properties is dependent on the amount of electrical
3.2.1 temperature coeffıcient—the fractional or percentage
conductivity change caused by a change in the specific
change in electrical conductivity per degree Celsius change in
variable.
temperature.
1.4 Electrical conductivity, when evaluated with eddy-
current instruments, is usually expressed as a percentage of the
4. Significance and Use
conductivity of the International Annealed Copper Standard
4.1 Absolute probe coil methods, when used in conjunction
(IACS). The conductivity of the Annealed Copper Standard is
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with reference standards of known value, provide a means for
defined to be 0.58310 S/m (100 % IACS) at 20°C.
determining the electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic mate-
1.5 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.
rials.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 Electrical conductivity of a sample can be used as a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
means of determining: (1) type of metal or alloy, (2) type of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
heat treatment (for aluminum this evaluation should be used in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
conjunction with a hardness examination), (3) aging of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
alloy, (4) effects of corrosion, and (5) heat damage.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Limitations
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 The ability to accomplish the examinations included in
B 193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor
4.2 is dependent on the conductivity change caused by the
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Materials
3 variable of interest. If the conductivity is a strong function of
E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
the variable of interest, these examinations can be very
accurate. In some cases, however, changes in conductivity due
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-7 on Nonde-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on
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Electromagnetic Method. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
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Current edition approved Aug. 10, 1999. Published October 1999. Originally Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing 1711 Arlingate
published as E 1004 – 91. Last previous edition E 1004 – 91. Plaza, PO Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228–0518
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.03. Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc., 1250 Eye St.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. NW, Washington, D.C. 20005. (Replacement standard for MIL-STD-410.)
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E 1004
to changes in the variable of interest may be too small to detect. inhomogeneities in the metal near the position of the probe coil
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