ASTM F1166-95a(2006)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: F 1166 – 95a (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Practice for
Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment,
and Facilities
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1166; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope otherwisemanipulatetheitem,inthemannerbeingconsidered,
is selected as a maximum design force limit.
1.1 This practice establishes general human engineering
1.7 Manufacturing Tolerances—When manufacturing toler-
design criteria for marine vessels, and systems, subsystems,
ances are not perceptible to the user, this practice shall not be
and equipment contained therein. It provides a useful tool for
construed as preventing the use of components whose dimen-
the designer to incorporate human capabilities into a design.
sions are within a normal manufacturing upper or lower limit
1.2 The purpose of this practice is to present human
tolerance of the dimensions specified herein.
engineeringdesigncriteria,principles,andpracticestoachieve
1.8 This practice is divided into the following sections:
mission success through integration of the human into the
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vessel system, subsystem, and equipment with the goals of
Section Title
effectiveness, simplicity, efficiency, reliability, and safety for
1 Scope
operation, training, and maintenance. 2 Referenced Documents
3 Terminology
1.3 This practice applies to the design of vessels, systems,
4 Significance and Use
subsystems, and equipment. Nothing in this practice shall be
5 Control/Display Integration
construed as limiting the selection of hardware, materials, or
6 Visual Displays, General Information
7 Location and Arrangement of Visual Displays
processes to the specific items described herein. Unless other-
8 Coding of Visual Displays
wise stated in specific provisions, this practice is applicable to
9 Transilluminated Displays
design of vessel systems, subsystems, and equipment for use 10 Scale Indicators
11 Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Displays
by both men and women.
12 Large-Screen Displays
1.4 Copies of specifications, standards, drawings, and pub-
13 Other Displays
lications required by contractors in connection with specific 14 Audio Displays, General Information
15 Audio Warnings
procurement functions should be obtained from the procuring
16 Characteristics of Audible Alarms
activity or as directed by the contracting officer.
17 Signal Characteristics in Relation to Operational Conditions and Ob-
1.5 Thispracticeisnotintendedtobeacriterionforlimiting jectives
18 Verbal Warning Signals
use of material already in the field in areas such as lift
19 Controls for Audio Warning and Caution Devices
repetition or temperature exposure time.
20 Speech Transmission Equipment
1.6 Force Limits—If it is known that an item is to be used 21 Controls, General Information
22 Arrangement and Grouping of Controls
by an already established occupational specialty, for which
23 Coding of Controls
physical qualification requirements for entry into that specialty
24 Rotary Controls
arealsoestablished,anydiscrepancybetweentheforcecriteria 25 Discrete Linear Controls
26 Continuous Adjustment Linear Controls
of this practice and the physical qualification requirements
27 General Requirements for Labeling
shall be resolved in favor of the latter. In this event, the least
28 Label Content
29 Specific Requirements by Label Type
stringent physical qualification requirement of all specialties
30 Anthropometry
which may operate, maintain, transport, supply, move, lift, or
31 Workspace Design Requirements
32 Environment
33 Maintainability
34 Accessibility
35 Cases
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F25 on Ships
36 Lubrication
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on
37 Fasteners
General Requirements.
38 Unit Design for Efficient Manual Handling
Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originally
39 Handwheel Torque
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F1166–95a (2000).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 1166 – 95a (2006)
TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES
Section Title Figure Title
40 Equipment Mounting 47 Lever
41 Conductors 48 Slide Levers
42 Connectors 49 Isotonic Joysticks
43 Electrical Wires and Cables 50 Ball Controls
44 Test Points 51 Independent Symbols
45 Test Equipment 52 Label Specifications
46 Failure Indications and Fuse Requirements 53 Standing Body Dimensions
47 Hydraulic Systems 54 Seated Body Dimensions
48 Design of Equipment For Remote Handling 55 Depth and Breadth Dimensions
49 Small Systems and Equipment 56 Circumferences and Surface Dimensions
50 Operational and Maintenance Vehicles 57 Hand and Foot Dimensions
51 Hazards and Safety 58 Head and Face Dimensions
52 User-Computer Interface 59 Anthropometric Data for Body Positions Involved in Work Activities
53 Data Display 60 95th Percentile Gloved-Hand Dimensions (Male)
54 Text/Program Editing 61 Helmet Dimensions
55 Audio Displays, Interface 62 Aircrewman’s Helmet (Size Extra Large)
56 Interactive Control 63 Range of Human Motion
64 Mobile Workspace Dimensions
LIST OF FIGURES
65 Standing Workspace Dimensions—Cabinets and Electrical Equip-
Figure Title
ment Racks
1 Angle of Incidence
66 Standing Workspace Dimension—CRTs and Table
2 Example of Display/Equipment Relationship in Main Propulsion En-
67 Standing Workspace Dimensions—Consoles and Work Benches
gine Room with Two Medium Speed Diesel Engines
68 Standing Workspace for Typical Work Positions
3 Example of Control/Display/Equipment Relationship in Auxiliary Ma-
69 Display (Top) and Control (Bottom) Locations for Standing Crew
chinery Space with Two Ship Service Generators
Work Stations
4 Example of Control/Display/Equipment Relationship in Machinery
70 Seated Workspace Dimensions
Space with Pump, Motor Controller, and Gage Board Located at
71 Dimensions for Single or Multiple Personnel at a Table or Other
Vertical Beam
Duty Station Not Requiring a Desk
5 CHT Pump Room with Various Options for Locating the Two Motor
72 Seating at CRT-Type Work Stations
Controllers and Their Corresponding Gage Boards Given the Loca-
73 Swing-Away Seat for Short-Term Operations
tion of the Two Pumps
74 Standard Console Dimensions Key
6 Preferred and Acceptable Alternatives for Multiple Row/Column Dis-
75 Example of One- or Two-Tier Wrap-Around Console
play and Control Arrangement
76 Examples of Three-Tier Consoles
7 Vertical and Horizontal Visual Field
77 Example of a Desk Top Console
8 Lines of Sight
78 Preferred Viewing Area
9 Scale of Markings
79 Seated Optimum Manual Control Space
10 Scale Graduation, Pointer Position, and Scale Numbering Alterna-
80 Type of Ladder, Stair, or Ramp to be Used in Relation to Angle of
tives
Ascent
11 Fixed-Scale Azimuth Dials
81 Stair Dimensions
12 Shape and Color Coding Operating Ranges
82 Incline-Ladder Dimensions
13 Zero Position and Pointer Movement for Circular Dial Displays
83 Vertical-Ladder Dimensions
14 Aligned Pointers for Rapid Check Readings
84 Well-Designed Work Platform
15 Relative Position of Scale Marks, Numerals, and Pointers on Circu-
85 Door Dimensions
lar Dials
86 Hatches Mounted Overhead
16 Relative Position of Scale Marks, Numerals, and Pointers on Arcs
87 Hatches Mounted on Vertical Walls
and Circular Dials
88 Hatch Dimensions
17 Drum-Type Counter Design
89 Walkway and Passageway Dimensions
18 Acceptable Alarm Types for Emergency and Primary Alarms
90 Effective Temperature Scale
19 Control Motion Expectancy
91 Windchill Chart
20 Foot-Operated Switches
92 Equivalent Chill Temperature
21 Pedals
93 Ventilation Requirements
22 Foot-Operated Controls
94 Workspace Reflectance Values
23 Leg Strength at Various Knee and Thigh Angles
95 Permissible Distance Between a Speaker and Listener’s for Speci-
24 Rotary Selector Controls
fied Voice Levels and Ambient Noise Levels
25 Rotating Knob Separation
96 Range of Acceptable Reverberation Time
26 Keylock Criteria
97 Vibration Exposure Criteria for Longitudinal (Upper Figure) and
27 Keylock Switch Criteria
Transverse (Lower Figure) Directions with Respect to Body Axis
28 Thumbwheel Orientation and Movement
98 The 90 % Motion Sickness Protection Limits for Human Exposure
29 Discrete Thumbwheel Control
to Very Low Frequency Vibration
30 Knobs
99 Standing, Lateral Reach (Preferred Arm)
31 Recommended Knob Shapes
100 Seated, Forward Reach (Both Arms)
32 Easily Recognizable Knob Shapes
101 Crosslegged Seated, Forward Reach (Both Arms)
33 Ganged Knobs
102 Standing, Forward Reach (Both Arms)
34 Thumbwheel Adjustment Controls
103 Standing, Forward Reach (Preferred Arm)
35 Cranks
104 Access Opening Dimensions
36 Proper Mounting of Rapidly Operated Cranks
105 Minimal Two-Hand and Finger Access
37 Handwheels
106 Covers and Accesses
38 Recommended Mounting Heights for Valve Handwheels
107 Covers and Cases
39 Reaching Limits for Bending, Squatting, or Standing on Ladders
108 Examples of Push-Pull Forces
40 Pushbutton Switches
109 Minimum Handle Dimensions
41 Toggle Switches
110 Handwheel Torque
42 Toggle Switch Orientation for “ON”
111 Methods of Identifying Plugs and Receptacles to Prevent Mis-
43 Legend Switch
matching
44 Rocker Switches
112 Cable Arrangements
45 Slide Switches
113 Suggested Cable Arrangement in Junction Box for Easy Checking
46 Push-Pull Controls
F 1166 – 95a (2006)
MIL-C-25050, Colors, Aeronautical Lights and Lighting
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Title
Equipment, General Requirements for
114 Preformed Cables
2.3 Federal Standard:
115 Fluid Line Connector Recommendations
116 Anatomical Limits on Axially Symmetrical Ocular Metal Part FED-STD-595 Color
117 Mounting Heights for Common Electrical Fixtures
2.4 Military Standards:
118 Required Distance Between Hazard and Barrier
MIL-STD-12, Abbreviation for Use on Drawings, Specifi-
LIST OF TABLES
cations, Standards, and in Technical Documents
Table Title
1 Metric Equivalents, Abbreviations, and Prefixes
MIL-STD-740, Airborne and Structureborne Noise Mea-
2 Coding of Simple Indicator Lights
surements and Acceptance Criteria of Shipboard Equip-
3 Application of Various Types of Mechanical Displays
4 Character Sizes for Mechanical Counters ment
5 Group Viewing of Optical Projection Displays
2.5 Military Handbook:
6 Range Ring Values
DOD-HDBK-743, Anthropometry of US Military Person-
7 Functional Evaluation of Audio Signals
8 Intelligibility Criteria for Voice Communications Systems
nel
9 Control Selection Criteria
2.6 Federal Regulations:
10 Recommended Manual Controls
29 CFR 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards
11 Conventional Control Movement Stereotypes
12 Minimum Separation Distances for Controls
46 CFR 113.25-9, U.S. Coast Guard Regulation
13 Advantages and Disadvantages of Various Types of Coding
14 Recommended Control Colors (FED-STD-595)
15 Knob Detentes Placement
3. Terminology
16 Keyboards, Inch-pound Units
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
17 Keyboards, SI Units
18 Limiting Dimensions for Free-Moving X-Y Controller
3.1.1 abort—a capability that cancels all user entries in a
19 Arm Strength
defined transaction sequence.
20 Hand and Thumb-Finger Strength
3.1.2 accessible—unless otherwise specified herein or
21 Character Size Versus Luminance
22 Anthropometric Data
where specific design values are given, an item is considered
23 Range of Human Motion
accessible only where it can be operated, manipulated, re-
24 Mobile Work Space Dimensions
moved, or replaced by the suitably clothed and equipped user
25 Standing Work Space Dimensions for Work Clearances
26 Seated Work Space Dimensions
with applicable fifth and ninety-fifth percentile body dimen-
27 Standard Console Dimensions
sions. Applicable body dimensions are those dimensions that
28 Human Performance Effects at Various Effective Temperatures
are design critical to the operation, manipulation, removal, or
29 Physical and Perceptual Responses to Various Temperatures
30 Temperature and Its Effect on the Comfort of the Extremities
replacement task. For example, an adjustment control behind
31 Human Reaction to Windchill
an access opening should be located sufficiently close to the
32 Specific Task Illumination Requirements
aperture to enable a suitably clothed and equipped user with a
33 Recommendations for Display Lighting
34 Low-Frequency and Infrasonic Noise Limits to Prevent Ear Injury
fifth percentile depth of reach to grasp and manipulate the
35 Sound Exposure to Avoid Deafness
adjustment control, while the opening should be sufficiently
36 Maximum Permissible Sound Pressure Level
large to enable passage of a similarly clothed and equipped
37 OSHA Permissible Daily Noise
38 Effects of Noise on Human Performance
ninety-fifth percentile hand and arm.
39 Effects of High-Level Noise on Human Performance
3.1.3 advisory signal—asignalthatindicatessafeornormal
40 Upper Noise Limits Recommended for Military Facilities
configuration, condition of performance, operation of essential
41 Comfort Limits for Noise by Octave Band
42 Noxious Exhaust Products of Engine Fuels
equipment, or that attracts attention and imparts information
43 Design Weight Limits
for routine action purposes.
44 Static Muscle Strength Data
45 Weight and Dimensions of Portable Test Equipment 3.1.4 angle of incidence—the angle between the line of
46 General Comparison Fuses and Circuit Breakers
direction of anything (such as a ray of light or line of sight)
47 Recommended Clearances Around Equipment Operator’s Station to
strikingasurfaceandalineperpendiculartothatsurfacedrawn
Accommodate 95th Percentile Male Dressed in Arctic Clothing. Op-
erator Seat in Rear Most Position to the point of contact as shown in Fig. 1.
48 Temperature Limits
3.1.5 backup—a capability that returns a user to the last
49 Shock Current Intensities and Their Probable Effects
previous display in a defined transaction sequence.Also refers
50 Allowable Exposure Limits to Some Toxic Gases
to the practice of preserving a second copy of files for data
51 System Response Times
protection purposes.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.6 brightness—the amount of emitted or reflected light
visible to the eye.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.7 cancel—a capability that regenerates or reinitializes
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
thecurrentdisplaywithoutprocessingorretainingany
...