ASTM D695-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Compression tests provide information about the compressive properties of plastics when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made.
Compressive properties include modulus of elasticity, yield stress, deformation beyond yield point, and compressive strength (unless the material merely flattens but does not fracture). Materials possessing a low order of ductility may not exhibit a yield point. In the case of a material that fails in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength has a very definite value. In the case of a material that does not fail in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength is an arbitrary one depending upon the degree of distortion that is regarded as indicating complete failure of the material. Many plastic materials will continue to deform in compression until a flat disk is produced, the compressive stress (nominal) rising steadily in the process, without any well-defined fracture occurring. Compressive strength can have no real meaning in such cases.
Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.
Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the ASTM specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there is no material specification, then the default conditions apply. Table 1 in Classification D 4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed. This procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and including 41,370 MPa (6,000,000 psi).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1—For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforcements, tests may be made in accordance with Test Method D 3410/D 3410.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 13.1.
Note 2—This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 604.
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Designation:D695–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D695; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
als
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the me-
D4066 Classification System for Nylon Injection and Ex-
chanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plas-
trusion Materials (PA)
tics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or
Plastics Specimens
loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed. This
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
including 41,370 MPa (6,000,000 psi).
someter Systems
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
NOTE 1—For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites rein-
forced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforce-
3. Terminology
ments, tests may be made in accordance with Test Method D3410/
3.1 General— The definitions of plastics used in this test
D3410M.
method are in accordance with Terminology D883 unless
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
otherwise indicated.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 compressive deformation—the decrease in length pro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
duced in the gage length of the test specimen by a compressive
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precau-
load. It is expressed in units of length.
tionary statement is given in 13.1.
3.2.2 compressive strain—the ratio of compressive defor-
mation to the gage length of the test specimen, that is, the
NOTE 2—This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 604.
change in length per unit of original length along the longitu-
2. Referenced Documents
dinal axis. It is expressed as a dimensionless ratio.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.2.3 compressive strength—the maximum compressive
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing stress (nominal) carried by a test specimen during a compres-
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics sion test. It may or may not be the compressive stress
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics (nominal) carried by the specimen at the moment of rupture.
D3410/D3410M Test Method for Compressive Properties 3.2.4 compressive strength at failure (nominal)—the com-
of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported pressive stress (nominal) sustained at the moment of failure of
Gage Section by Shear Loading the test specimen if shattering occurs.
3.2.5 compressive stress (nominal)—the compressive load
perunitareaofminimumoriginalcrosssectionwithinthegage
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
boundaries, carried by the test specimen at any given moment.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
It is expressed in force per unit area.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally
approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D695 - 02a. DOI:
3.2.5.1 Discussion—The expression of compressive proper-
10.1520/D0695-08.
ties in terms of the minimum original cross section is almost
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
universally used. Under some circumstances the compressive
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D695–08
properties have been expressed per unit of prevailing cross designinapplicationsdifferingwidelyfromtheload-timescale
section. These properties are called “true” compressive prop- of the standard test. Such applications require addit
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D695–02a Designation:D695–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 695; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics,
including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test
specimens of standard shape are employed.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics,
including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test
specimens of standard shape are employed.This procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and including 41,370 MPa
(6,000,000 psi).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
NOTE 1—For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforcements, tests
may be made in accordance with Test Method D 3410/D 3410.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in Note 1113.1.
NOTE 2—This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 604.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3410 3410/D 3410M Test Method for Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported
Gage Section by Shear Loading
D 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
D 4066 Classification System for Nylon Injection and Extrusion Materials (PA)
D5947Test 5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E 83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 General— The definitions of plastics used in this test method are in accordance with Terminology D 883 unless otherwise
indicated.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 compressive deformation—the decrease in length produced in the gage length of the test specimen by a compressive load.
It is expressed in units of length.
3.2.2 compressive strain—the ratio of compressive deformation to the gage length of the test specimen, that is, the change in
length per unit of original length along the longitudinal axis. It is expressed as a dimensionless ratio.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties .
Current edition approved August 10, 2002. Published October 2002. Originally published as D695–42 T. Last previous edition D695–02.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 695 - 02a.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 08.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D695–08
3.2.3 compressive strength—the maximum compressive stress (nominal) carried by a test specimen during a compression test.
It may or may not be the compressive stress (nominal) carried by the specimen at the moment of rupture.
3.2.4 compressive strength at failure (nominal)— the compressive stress (
...
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