ASTM E1168-95(2001)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:E1168–95 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Guide for
Radiological Protection Training for Nuclear Facility
Workers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1168; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This guide covers general recommendations with re- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
spect to standard work practices, procedures, and measurement C 986 Guide for Developing Training Programs in the
methods for the radiological protection portion of health and Nuclear Fuel Cycle
safety training for radiation workers at nuclear facilities. This 2.2 ANSI Standard:
guide defines the elements of a training program for radiation ANSI/ANS 3.1 American National Standard for Selection,
workers consistent with the philosophy that occupational Qualification, and Training of Personnel for Nuclear
radiation exposure be kept as low as is reasonably achievable Power Plants
(ALARA). Regulatory agencies have statutory responsibilities 2.3 ANI/MAELU Documents:
to promulgate regulations applying to the training of workers Information Bulletin 80-1A, Nuclear Liability Insurance
exposed to radiation hazards. This guide shall not take prece- Records Retention
dence over any such regulations. Training and Qualification Criteria for Nuclear Liability
1.2 This guide is intended to help ensure that the employer Insurance (Section 2.2.1 of “General Employee Train-
provides the radiation worker with radiological protection ing”)
trainingthattheworkerneedstoworksafelyinaradiologically
3. Terminology
controlled area and to maintain radiation exposure ALARA.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 The scope of radiological protection training shall be
related to the duties and responsibilities of each radiation 3.1.1 nuclear facility, n—facility whose operations involve
or involved radiation or radioactive materials in such form and
worker and shall be commensurate with potential radiological
quantity that a radiological hazard potentially exists to the
protection problems in the radiologically controlled area.
1.4 This guide is also intended to provide guidance that will employees or the general public. Included are facilities used to
produce, process, or store radioactive materials. Some ex-
enable an evaluation of the effectiveness of the radiological
protection training program toward achieving the purpose amples are as follows (also see Note 1):
3.1.1.1 Fuel reprocessing plant,
stated in Section 4.
1.5 This guide does not cover the more detailed training 3.1.1.2 Fusion research facility,
3.1.1.3 Nuclear reactor (power, test, or research),
requirements for radiation protection professionals or techni-
cians. 3.1.1.4 Particle accelerator,
3.1.1.5 Radioactive waste disposal site,
1.6 This guide provides reference to the type of radiological
protecting training records that should be created, and recom- 3.1.1.6 Radiochemical laboratory,
3.1.1.7 UF production plant, and
mends retention periods for radiological protection training
records. 3.1.1.8 Uranium or thorium mill.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
NOTE 1—This guide is intended to apply to nuclear facilities licensed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, to nuclear facilities operated
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
by the U.S. Department of Energy, and to those nuclear facilities that are
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- under the control of the U.S. Department of Defense and the individual
agreement states.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E10 on Nuclear Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 12.01.
Technology and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
E10.03 on Radiological Protection for Decontamination and Decommissioning of Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Nuclear Facilities and Components. Available fromAmerican Nuclear Insurers, 29 South Main, (Suite 300S), West
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1995. Published December 1995. Hartford, CT 06107-2445.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1168
3.1.2 radiation worker, n—any person who enters a radio- 5.1.6 Ensure that the program can be reviewed and revised
logically controlled area to perform work. Radiation workers as needed to meet changing conditions, and that the instruction
are sometimes referred to as occupationally exposed workers. is sufficiently understood to permit its practical application.
3.1.3 radiologically controlled area, n—area where access 5.1.7 Ensure that radiation workers receive adequate radio-
is controlled for purposes of radiological protection. logical protection training for each job to which they are
assigned.
4. Significance and Use 5.1.8 Ensure that training is not repeated needlessly on site
or at other facilities where the trained radiation worker may be
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to define the elements of a
employed.
radiological protection training program that will enable a
5.1.9 Conduct training in such a way that the radiation
radiation worker, upon completion of training, to achieve the
worker knows the specific objectives of the training and can
following:
determine whether or not the training has been completed
4.1.1 Understand the relative health and safety risks associ-
satisfactorily.
ated with the types and levels of radiation that may be
5.2 Training Program Content:
encountered during the work assignment in radiologically
5.2.1 The content of the radiological protection training
controlled areas,
program shall be commensurate with potential radiological
4.1.2 Complete the forms and records necessary to be
protection problems in the radiologically controlled area. The
permitted to function as a radiation worker,
content of the program also shall reflect the type of nuclear
4.1.3 Practice the necessary monitoring and contamination
facility (see 3.1) for which the training is being provided. The
control techniques to minimize exposure to radiation or radio-
inclusion of topics in Section 6 and the emphasis of each topic
active materials, or both, and
within the training program shall be based on the needs of each
4.1.4 Practice work habits that will minimize the impact of
individual or group requiring training. Hands-on or practical
radiation or radioactive materials, or both, upon the workplace
training shall be included in addition to classroom training
and surrounding environments.
where appropriate.
4.2 The standardization of radiation worker radiological
5.2.2 Credit may be given for prior applicable training
protection training provides the individual radiation worker
received off site. Documentation of that training shall be in
with a greater assurance that the training received is adequate
accordance with 5.6. It is appropriate to determine the appli-
to minimize radiation exposure, to enable the worker to work
cability of an individual’s prior training and experience, with
safely in a radiologically controlled area, and to meet appli-
respect to the present job requirements, by means of a test. If
cable regulations.
the prior applicable training was received before the period
4.3 The standardization of radiation worker radiological
specified for requalification (see 5.5), then refresher training as
protection training prevents unnecessary retraining of radiation
describedin5.5shallbegivenpriortotheadministrationofthe
workers.
test.This refresher training may be combined with site-specific
4.4 This guide should be used as the basis for establishing a
training.
radiological protection training program for radiation workers
5.2.3 Site-specific training shall be provided. Site-specific
at nuclear facilities.
training shall include those topics in Section 6, the details of
which may vary from one nuclear facility to another. Some
5. Training Administration
examples are identification of and response to various alarms,
5.1 Training Program Objectives—The objectives of the
evacuation routes, administrative limits and procedures, and
radiological protection training program shall be to accomplish radiological hazards unique to the facility.
the following:
5.3 Scheduling:
5.1.1 Provide guidance and training to enable each radiation
5.3.1 The radiological protection training program shall be
worker to keep radiation exposure as low as is reasonably
scheduled so that each individual is trained in radiological
achievable.
protection to the degree necessary to perform his tasks safely
5.1.2 Ensure that radiation workers are instructed in and before entering a radiologically controlled area.
physically can demonstrate the proper use of commonly used
5.3.2 For special cases in which an individual must enter a
radiationprotectioninstrumentation,personalprotectiveequip-
radiologically controlled area before completion of his train-
ment, respirators, and personal exposure monitoring devices
ing, the individual shall be escorted by a fully trained and
necessary to that individual’s work assignment.
qualified person. Such entries may be necessary for on-the-job
5.1.3 Train every radiation worker to enable compliance
training, for example. A brief radiological protection orienta-
with appropriate safety and health procedures and the proper tion should be provided to escorted individuals prior to entry
reaction to warnings, alarms, and emergency situations. into a radiologically controlled area.
5.1.4 Inform every radiation worker about the immediate 5.4 Testing:
and the long-term health risks associated with the acceptance
5.4.1 A radiation worker’s knowledge of, competency in,
of radiation exposure, and about the basis for health risk
and understanding of the basic principles and methods of
estimates.
radiological protection shall be evaluated through a written
5.1.5 Provide the information needed to enable each radia- objective test. Oral tests shall not be substituted for written
tion worker to comply with applicable regulations. tests unless the impracticality of administering a written test is
E1168
establishedanddocumentedonanindividualbasis.Theworker 5.6.1.3 The type of nuclear facility (see 3.1) for which the
shall be reinstructed and retested on any subject of which he training program was developed,
has insufficient knowledge. The testing shall be designed to
5.6.1.4 A specific description of all training completed
establish whether or not the worker has the knowledge,
satisfactorily, such as references to pertinent lesson plans,
understanding, and skill to work safely.
course outlines, syllabuses, and other subject-specific descrip-
5.4.2 All radiation workers whose radiological protection
tive information. Specific reference usually is made to such
depends on their effective use of equipment, facilities, or
materials by date, edition, or issue,
specialized procedures shall be observed by a qualified trainer
5.6.1.5 Aperformanceratingforeachsegmentoftrainingor
while using such equipment or facilities or performing such
each different training program satisfactorily completed by the
procedures, and shall be individually graded on a pass-fail
radiation worker. This rating normally consists of a numerical
basis, that is, the worker performs the task satisfactorily or is
or letter grade or a written evaluation,
given additional training until satisfactory performance is
5.6.1.6 Checklists that document the radiation worker’s
achieved or until the worker is found unsuitable for the job.
performance on an on-the-job training segment, where appli-
5.4.3 All written, oral, and practical tests shall have care-
cable, and
fully developed bases in order to ensure that appropriate areas
5.6.1.7 The name and location of the training facility.
of knowledge and skill are covered. Tests should cover
5.6.2 On completion of training, each radiation worker shall
information presented to the radiation worker and shall em-
receive a certificate of satisfactory completion, signed by the
phasize knowledge and practices directly related to day-to-day
training department manager (or equivalent), that shall include
radiological protection.
the training dates and locations, the type of nuclear facility for
5.5 Requalification:
which the training program content was developed, the name
5.5.1 The training program shall include periodic refresher
and location of the facility at which the training records are
training as required by the appropriate regulatory authority, or
maintained, and a statement that the training is in accordance
at least every two years, for any work description. High-risk
with this guide. This certificate allows the worker’s previous
work, for example, glove box operation, highradiation entry, or
training to be taken into account when determining training
radiography sources shall require at least annual requalification
needs at another site.
(see Note 2).
5.6.3 In order for there to be an adequate basis for periodic
5.5.2 Requalification testing shall be carried out in conjunc-
evaluation of the training program, the following training
tion with refresher training.
program records shall be required:
5.5.3 Those radiation workers requiring new or refreshed
5.6.3.1 Training materials such as outlines, syllabuses, bro-
knowledge because of reassignment shall be given appropriate
chures, videotapes, texts, tests (including test questions and
training and testing.
oral and on-the-job checklists), or specific descriptions of these
5.5.4 Supervisors and radiological protection personnel
items to serve as a basis for determining the depth and scope of
should be alert to radiation worker performance that indicates
traininggivenineachsubjectarea.Specificreferenceusuallyis
the need for further instruction, and shall design or revise
made to such materials by date, edition, or issue, and
training programs to meet those needs.
5.6.3.2 The name and qualifications of each instructor and
NOTE 2—Refresher training is generally less detailed than initial
examiner involved in each training segment or each training
training, because refresher training usually highlights and reviews the
program.
material that was covered in initial training.
5.7 Program Evaluations—The training program shall be
5.6 Records—Adequate training records help to avoid
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