ASTM C813-90(2009)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: C813 − 90(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Hydrophobic Contamination on Glass by Contact Angle
Measurement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C813; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope anglesappreciablygreaterthanzero:generallygreaterthan45°
for the advancing angle.
1.1 This test method covers the detection of hydrophobic
contamination on glass surfaces by means of contact angle
3.1.4 receding angle—the smallest angle observable when a
measurements. When properly conducted, the test will enable
liquid droplet is decreased in size.
detection of fractions of monomolecular layers of hydrophobic
3.1.5 sessile drop—a drop of liquid sitting on the upper side
organic contaminants. Very rough or porous surfaces may
of a horizontal surface.
significantly decrease the sensitivity of the test.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—See Fig. 1.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
4. Summary of Test Method
standard.
4.1 The contact angle test is performed by depositing
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
droplets of permanganate-distilled water or reagent water in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
accordance with Specification D1193 on the surface to be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tested using a mounted hypodermic syringe, said droplets
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
being deposited in such a way, as described herein, as to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
measure the advancing contact angle. The measurements shall
be made by either of these two well-known methods: (1)
2. Referenced Documents
viewing the sessile drop through a comparator microscope
2.1 ASTM Standards:
fitted with a goniometer scale with direct measurement of the
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
angle; or (2) photographing the sessile drop and measuring the
anglewithaprotractor.Theinterpretationofthemeasurements
3. Terminology
is based on the fact that organic contamination on surfaces
3.1 Definitions:
results in contact angles appreciably higher than the near-zero
3.1.1 advancing angle—thelargestangleobservablewhena
angles measured on clean surfaces or those contaminated by
liquid droplet is increased in size.
hydrophilic materials.
3.1.2 hydrophilic—having a strong affinity for water; wet-
5. Significance and Use
table.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Hydrophilic surfaces exhibit zero con-
5.1 Thecontactangletestisnondestructiveandmaybeused
tact angles.
for control and evaluation of processes for the removal of
3.1.3 hydrophobic—having little affinity for water; nonwet-
hydrophobic contaminants. The test may also be used for the
table.
detection and control of hydrophobic contaminants in process-
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Hydrophobic surfaces exhibit contact
ing ambients. For this application, a surface free of hydropho-
bic films is exposed to the ambient conditions and is subse-
quently tested.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glass
and Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.02 on
6. Interferences
Chemical Properties and Analysis.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originally
6.1 Loss of sensitivity may result from either of the follow-
approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C813–90(2004).
ing factors:
DOI: 10.1520/C0813-90R09.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.1.1 The presence of hydrophilic substances on the surface
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
to be tested, or in the water used for the test, or
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 6.1.2 An unusually rough or porous surface.
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C813 − 90 (2009)
10. Procedure
10.1 Randomlyselectatleasttwositeswheremeasurements
will be made on the test surface. Bring the syringe needle into
close proximity to the test surface and, with the test surface in
a horizontal position, manipulate the hypodermic syringe so as
to force a drop having a volume of 0.02 to 0.05 mL onto the
surfacetogiveanadvancingangle(Note1).Theneedleshould
remain immersed in the drop and should be centered in the
drop. Care must be taken that when the syringe plunger is
FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram Indicating Measurement of Contact
releasednomotionisimpartedtotheplungersoastocauseany
Angle
retraction of the drop. Any retraction will cause the contact
angle to be less than the true advan
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