ASTM D7352-07(2012)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D7352 − 07 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Practice for
Direct Push Technology for Volatile Contaminant Logging
1,2
with the Membrane Interface Probe (MIP)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7352; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
1.1 This standard practice describes a method for rapid
nor should this document be applied without the consideration
delineation of volatile organic contaminants (VOC) in the
of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the
subsurface using a membrane interface probe. Logging with
title means that the document has been approved through the
the membrane interface probe is usually performed with direct
ASTM consensus process.
push equipment.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.2 This standard practice describes how to obtain a real
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
time vertical log of volatile organic contaminants with depth.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
The data obtained is indicative of the total volatile organic
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
contaminant concentration in the subsurface at depth.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 Other sensors, such as electrical conductivity, fluores-
2. Referenced Documents
cence detectors, and cone penetration tools may be included to
provide additional information. The use of a lithologic logging
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tool is highly recommended to define hydrostratigraphic
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
conditions, such as migration pathways, and to guide confir-
Fluids
mation sampling.
D5299 Guide for Decommissioning of Groundwater Wells,
Vadose Zone Monitoring Devices, Boreholes, and Other
1.4 Limitations—The MIP system does not provide speci-
Devices for Environmental Activities
ficity of analytes. This tool is to be used as a total volatile
D6001 Guide for Direct-Push Groundwater Sampling for
organic contaminant-screening tool. Soil and/or water sam-
Environmental Site Characterization
pling (Guides D6001, D6282, D6724, and Practice D6725)
D6282 Guide for Direct Push Soil Sampling for Environ-
must be performed to identify specific analytes and exact
mental Site Characterizations
concentrations. Only VOCs are detected by the MIP system in
D6724 Guide for Installation of Direct Push Groundwater
the subsurface. Detection limits are subject to the selectivity of
Monitoring Wells
the gas phase detector applied and characteristics of the
D6725 Practice for Direct Push Installation of Prepacked
formation being penetrated (for example, clay and organic
Screen Monitoring Wells in Unconsolidated Aquifers
carbon content).
E355 Practice for Gas ChromatographyTerms and Relation-
1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
ships
one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace
education or experience and should be used in conjunction
3. Terminology
with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may
3.1 Terminology used within this practice is in accordance
be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
with Terminology D653 with the addition of the following:
3.2 Definitions:
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
3.2.1 carry over—retentionofcontaminantinthemembrane
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
Vadose Zone Investigations.
and trunkline which may result in false positive results or an
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally
increased detector baseline at subsequent depth intervals.
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D7352–07. DOI:
10.1520/D7352-07R12.
The Membrane Interface Probe is covered by a patent. Interested parties are
invited to submit information regarding the identification of an alternative(s) to this For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
patented item to the ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
attend. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7352 − 07 (2012)
3.2.2 closed couple flow—gas flow in the MIPsystem when chloroethylene) with depth (5, 6). Recent investigation (2) has
a probe is detached and the gas lines are coupled together. The found the MIP can be effective in locating zones where dense
flow is then measured with a gas flow meter on the return nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPL) may be present. MIP
tubing before entering the gas phase detectors. Used to verify provides real-time measurement for optimizing selection of
continuity of gas flow in the MIP system. sample locations when using a dynamic work plan. By identi-
fying the depth at which a contaminant is located, a more
3.2.3 gas dryer—a selectively permeable membrane tubing
representative sample of soil or water can be collected.
(Nafion®) is used to continuously dry the MIP carrier gas
stream by removing only water vapor.
5.2 Correlation of a series of MIP logs across a site can
provide 2-D and 3-D definition of the contaminant plume.
3.2.4 gas phase detectors—heated laboratory grade detec-
Whenlithologiclogsareobtained(EC,CPT,etc.)withtheMIP
tors used for gas chromatography (Practice E355). Gas effluent
data, contaminant migration pathways may be defined.
from the MIP flows through these detectors for the analysis of
VOC compounds. Detectors most often used with the MIP
5.3 The MIP logs provide a detailed record of contaminant
include photoionization detector (PID), flameionization detec-
distribution in the saturated and unsaturated formations. A
tor (FID), and an electron capture detector (ECD).
proportion of the chlorinated and non-chlorinated volatile
3.2.5 membrane interface probe (MIP)—a subsurface log-
organiccontaminantsinthesorbed,aqueous,orgaseousphases
ging tool for detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
partition through the membrane for detection up hole.
3.2.6 response test—a test of the working MIP system
5.4 The data obtained from application of this practice may
performed by placing the MIP probe in an aqueous phase
beusedtoguidesoil(GuideD6282)andgroundwatersampling
solution with a known contaminant of known concentration.
(Guide D6001) or placement of long-term monitoring wells
PerformedbeforeeachMIPlogisconductedandoneattheend
(Guide D6724).
of the working day to validate the MIP system performance.
5.5 MIP data can be used to optimize site remediation by
Also used to compare data from individual locations.
knowing the depth distribution of volatile organic contami-
3.2.7 trigger—mechanical interface between the operator
nants. For example, materials injected for remediation are
and instrumentation to initiate or terminate data collection.
placed at correct depths in the formation.
3.2.8 trip time—the time required for a contaminant to
5.6 This practice also may be used as a means of evaluating
penetrate the semi-permeable membrane and travel to the gas
remediation performance. MIP can provide a cost-effective
phase detectors at the surface through a fixed length of tubing.
way to monitor the progress of remediation. When properly
3.2.9 trunkline—plastic or metal jacketed cord containing
performed at suitable sites, logging locations can be compared
electrical wires for the heaters in the probe block, electrical
from the initial investigation to the monitoring of the contami-
wires for other sensors, and tubing for the transport of carrier
nant under remediation conditions.
gas and the contaminant to the surface and detectors.
NOTE 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is
dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the
3.2.10 working standard—a chemical standard used in re-
suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Practitioners that meet the
sponse testing the MIP system. This standard is a diluted
criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent
concentration of an analyte stock standard, used for one
and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are
application and then properly disposed.
cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure
reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740
4. Summary of Practice
provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. Practice D3740 was
developed for agencies engaged in the testing and/or inspection of soils
4.1 This practice describes the field method for delineation
and rock. As such, it is not totally applicable to agencies performing this
of volatile organic contaminants with depth via the Membrane
practice. However, users of this practice should recognize that the
Interface Probe (MIP). The MIP is a continuously sampling
framework of Practice D3740 is appropriate for evaluating the quality of
an agency performing this practice. Currently there is no known qualify-
tool advanced through the soil using a direct push machine for
ing national authority that inspects agencies that perform this practice.
the purpose of logging contaminant and lithologic data in real
time (1, 2).
6. Apparatus
4.2 Asemipermeable membrane on the probe is heated to a
6.1 General—The following discussion provides descrip-
temperature of 100 to 120°C. Clean carrier gas is circulated
tions and details for the Membrane Interface Probe and system
across the internal surface of the membrane carrying volatile
components (Fig. 1).Additional details on the MIP system are
organic contaminants, which have diffused (3) through the
available in the Geoprobe MIP SOP (1).
membrane, to the surface for analysis by gas phase detectors.
6.1.1 The American Society for Testing and Materials takes
5. Significance and Use
no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted
in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users
5.1 The MIP system provides a timely and cost effective
of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the
way (4) for delineation of volatile organic contaminants (for
validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement
example, benzene, toluene, solvents, trichloroethylene, tetra-
of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
6.2 Membrane Interface Probe—The MIP is the interface
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
this standard. between the bulk formation and the gas phase detectors up
D7352 − 07 (2012)
FIG. 1 The Primary Components of the Membrane Interface System
hole. Volatile compounds outside the probe diffuse across the 6.4.1 Primary pressure regulator to control the pressure of
membrane and are swept up hole via an inert carrier gas (Fig. carrier gas to the flow regulation circuit of the MIP controller.
2).
6.4.2 A mass flow controller is used to regulate the flow of
6.2.1 The membrane is set in a removable insert. It is
carrier gas through the MIPsystem. Typical flow rates of 20 to
constructed of a polymer coating impregnated into stainless
60mL/minareusedintheoperationofthemembraneinterface
steel wire mesh.
probe.
6.2.2 The membrane is inserted into a heater block. The
6.4.3 Temperature controller regulates the voltage supplied
elevated temperature of the heater block is used to speed the
to the heater block to maintain an elevated temperature in the
diffusion of contaminants out of the bulk formation and
subsurface. The temperature controller has two outputs on an
through the membrane. This heater block has a regulated
LCD.Thetopoutputisthetemperatureofthemembraneinthe
temperature typically set at 100 to 120°C.
heater block. The bottom output is the set temperature of the
6.2.3 Tubing is used to supply carrier gas to the membrane.
controller; the manufacturer sets this temperature at 121°C.
Two tubes are used: a supply tube running from the carrier gas
source to the membrane and a return tube running from the
6.4.4 Analog signal input from the detector system. The
membrane to the gas phase detectors at ground surface.
analog outputs from the gas phase detectors are connected to
6.2.4 The MIP system may be configured with a soil
the controller to be transferred to the data acquisition system.
electrical conductivity dipole for simultaneous collection of
6.5 Data Acquisition System—The primary purpose of this
general lithologic data.
system is to save and graph data collected from the MIPprobe
6.2.5 The MIP probe may be coupled to a CPT probe at its
and detector system in real time. The data saved by the
lower end for simultaneous collection of CPT data (Fig. 3).
acquisition system are: depth; soil electrical conductivity; rate
6.3 MIP Trunkline—This cable consists of electrical wires
of probe penetration into the subsurface; temperature of the
for heating the MIP heater block and supplying voltage to
probe; pressure of the carrier gas supply at the flow controller;
additional sensors.The trunkline also contains gas lines for the
and four possible gas phase detector inputs. The primary
transport of VOCs from the probe to detectors up-hole. This
components of the data acquisition system include:
trunkline is packaged in a durable, protective jacketing to be
prestrung through steel drive rods prior to logging (Fig. 2). 6.5.1 Alpha/numeric keypad for entry of site location
information,
6.4 MIP Controller—The MIP controller is used to control
6.5.2 Internal and/or external data storage device for trans-
the flow delivered to the membrane and the voltage delivered
fer of data from acquisition system to desktop or laptop
to the heater block and electrical conductivity dipole electrode.
The primary features of the MIP controller include: computers, and
D7352 − 07 (2012)
NOTE 1—The schematic of the membrane interface probe depicts the movement of VOCs in the bulk formation (A) diffusing through the membrane
(B) into the carrier gas (C) to be swept to the surface detectors.
FIG. 2 Schematic Diagram of the
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