ASTM D2386-06(2012)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D2386 − 06(Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2386; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D3117Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of Distillate
Fuels (Withdrawn 2010)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tem-
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
perature below which solid hydrocarbon crystals may form in
Petroleum Products
aviation turbine fuels and aviation gasoline.
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
NOTE 1—The interlaboratory program that generated the precisions for
Petroleum Products
this test method did not include aviation gasoline.
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E77Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
mometers
standard.
2.2 Energy Institute Standard:
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
IP Standards for Petroleum and Its Products, Part 1
regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or 3. Terminology
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
3.1.1 freezing point, n—in aviation fuels, the fuel tempera-
mercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
ture at which solid hydrocarbon crystals, formed on cooling,
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s
disappear when the temperature of the fuel is allowed to rise
website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for addi-
under specified conditions of test.
tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury
and/or mercury containing products into your state or country
4. Significance and Use
may be prohibited by law.
4.1 The freezing point of an aviation fuel is the lowest
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
temperature at which the fuel remains free of solid hydrocar-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
bon crystals that can restrict the flow of fuel through filters if
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
presentinthefuelsystemoftheaircraft.Thetemperatureofthe
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
fuel in the aircraft tank normally falls during flight depending
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
on aircraft speed, altitude, and flight duration. The freezing
warning statements, see 5.4, Section 6, and 8.2.
point of the fuel must always be lower than the minimum
operational tank temperature.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 Freezing point is a requirement in Specifications D910
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and D1655.
D910Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
D1655Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
5. Apparatus
5.1 Jacketed Sample Tube—A double-walled, unsilvered
vessel, similar to a Dewar flask, the space between the inner
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
and outer tube walls being filled at atmospheric pressure with
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties. dry nitrogen or air. The mouth of the sample tube shall be
Current edition approved April 15, 2012. Published April 2012. Originally
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D2386–06. DOI:
10.1520/D2386-06R12.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
the ASTM website. U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2386 − 06 (2012)
closed with a stopper supporting the thermometer and 6. Reagents and Materials
moisture-proof collar through which the stirrer passes (Fig. 1).
6.1 Acetone—Technical Grade acetone is suitable for the
5.2 Collars—Moisture-proofcollarsasshowninFig.2shall
cooling bath, provided it does not leave a residue on drying.
be used to prevent condensation of moisture.
(Warning—Extremely flammable.)
5.3 Stirrer—Shall be made of 1.6-mm brass rod bent into a
6.2 Ethanol or Ethyl Alcohol—A commercial or technical
smooth three-loop spiral at the bottom.
grade of dry ethanol is suitable for the cooling bath.
NOTE 2—The stirrer may be mechanically actuated as described in the
(Warning—Extremely flammable.)
apparatus section of Test Method D3117.
6.3 Isopropyl Alcohol—Acommercial or technical grade of
5.4 Vacuum Flask—An unsilvered vacuum flask
dry isopropyl alcohol is suitable. (Warning—Extremely flam-
(Warning—Implosion hazard) having the minimum dimen-
mable.)
sionsshowninFig.1shallbeusedtoholdanadequatevolume
of cooling liquid and permit the necessary depth of immersion
6.4 Methanol or Methyl Alcohol—A commercial or techni-
of the jacketed sample tube.
cal grade of dry methanol is suitable for the cooling bath.
5.5 Thermometer—A total immersion type, having a range (Warning—Extremely flammable and toxic.)
from −80 to +20°C, designated as ASTM No. 114C/IP No.
6.5 Carbon Dioxide (Solid) or Dry Ice—A commercial
14C. (See Specification E1, or Appendix A, IP Standard
grade of dry ice is suitable for use in the cooling bath.
Thermometers, Volume 2, IP Standard Methods for Analysis
(Warning—Extremely cold, −78°C. Carbon dioxide (solid)
and Testing of Petroleum and Related Products.)
liberates gases that can cause suffocation. Contact with skin
NOTE 3—The accuracy of this thermometer is to be checked in
causes burns, freezing, or both.)
accordance with Test Method E77, at temperatures of 0, −40, −60, and
−75°C.
6.6 Liquid Nitrogen—A commercial or technical grade of
liquid nitrogen is suitable for the cooling bath when the
freezing point is lower than −65°C. (Warning—Extremely
5 cold, −196°C. Liquid nitrogen liberates gases that can cause
The U.S. National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD, and the British
NationalPhysicalLaboratory,Teddington,Englandareabletocertifythermometers
suffocation. Contact with skin causes burns, freezing, or both.)
at these temperatures.
FIG. 1 Freezing Point Apparatus
D2386 − 06 (2012)
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in mm and 60.1 mm glass wall thickness is 1 mm.
FIG. 2 Moistureproof Collars for Freezing Point Apparatus
operators seek guidance from experienced operators of this test method to
7. Sampling
assist them in the correct recognition of these crystals.
7.1 Obtain a sample in accordance with Practice D4057 or
NOTE 5—This test method should be performed under laboratory
Practice D4177.
conditions where there is an ample supply of light. Some crystals can be
very faint in appearance and difficult to observe under inadequate lighting
7.2 At least 25 mL of specimen is required for each test.
conditions.
7.3 Keep the sample in a tightly sealed container at ambient
8.2 Clam
...