ASTM D6092-97e1

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: D 6092 – 97
Standard Practice for
Specifying Standard Sizes of Stone for Erosion Control
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6092; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Paragraph 1.4 was added editorially in October 1998.
1. Scope D 4992 Practice for Evaluation of Rock to be Used for
Erosion Control
1.1 This practice covers size designations and maximum
D 5519 Test Method for Particle Size Analysis of Natural
ranges in mass or gradation for standard sizes for riprap, spalls,
and Manmade Riprap Materials
or bedding, or both, used for slope protection of dam embank-
ments, streambank erosion control, bridge piers and abutments.
3. Terminology
Sizes used for outer harbor structures such as breakwalls,
3.1 Definitions: Definitions of other terms in this guide are
revetments, confined diked disposal structures (heretofore
listed in Terminology D 653.
described as armor stone, cover stone, or dimension stone) for
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
which stone sizes range between 5 and 25 tons, or that require
3.2.1 filter/bedding stone—stone, filter stone consisting of
cut dimensions for layed-up structures are beyond the scope of
crushed stone ranging in size from ⁄4 in. (19 mm) to number 40
this practice.
sieve size, and bedding stone (often referred to as “spalls”)
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
consisting of crushed stone ranging in size from 6 in. (152 mm)
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for
(maximum) to ⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) minimum. Filter and bedding
information only.
may be placed in two layers beneath the riprap, that is, a filter
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
layer 8 to 10 in. (203 to 254 mm) thick and a bedding thickness
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of 6 to 8 in. (152 to 203 mm).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 geotextiles—suitable geotextile fabrics that meet the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
design requirements may be used instead of the above bedding
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and spalls. Suitable cover thickness maybe required.
1.4 This practice offers an organized collection of informa-
3.2.3 gradation—the proportions by mass of stones distrib-
tion or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
uted within specified ranges between maximum and minimum
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
limits.
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
3.2.4 riprap—stone materials generally less than two tons
judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in
in weight, specially selected and graded, and when properly
all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to
placed prevents erosion through minor wave action, or strong
represent or replace the standard of care by which the
currents and thereby preserves the shape of a surface, slope, or
adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor
the underlying structure.
should this document be applied without consideration of a
3.2.5 standard size designation—one of a group of stones
project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the
with specified gradation limits.
title of this document means only that the document has been
approved through the ASTM consensus process.
4. Summary of Practice
2. Referenced Documents 4.1 The design team shall establish the size of the mass of
graded quarry stone using acceptable design criteria. If design
2.1 ASTM Standards:
criteria and economic factors permit, standard gradations
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
2 shown in the designated tables should be selected. Using
Fluids
standard sizes, the design team shall select the appropriate
gradation; this might require the next larger size thereby
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil and creating an over-designed structure, but economically, a
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.17 on Rock for Erosion
cheaper structure. Added cost may result due to the increased
Control.
volume of stone required, and in transporting and placing the
Current edition approved March 10, 1997. Published May 1997.
additional stone at the project site. The cost effectiveness of
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
D6092–97
A
TABLE 1 Standard Sizes for Riprap
Size Designation R-1500 R-700 R-300 R-150 R-60 R-20
B
Particle Mass Percent Lighter Than the Mass Specified
C
Pounds (Kilogram)
3000 (1400) 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1500 (680) 50 to 100 100 . . . . . . . . . . . .
1000 (450) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
700 (320) 15 to 50 50 to 100 100 . . . . . . . . .
500 (230) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
300 (140) . . . 15 to 50 50 to 100 100 . . . . . .
250 (110) 0to15 . . . . .
150 (68) . . . . . . 15 to 50 50 to 100 100 . . .
60 (27) . . . 0 to 15 . . . 15 to 50 50 to 100 . . .
45 (20) . . . . . . 0 to 15 . . . . . . 100
30 (14) . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 to 50 . . .
20 (9.1) . . . . . . . . . 0 to 15 . . . 50 to 100
10 (4.5) . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 to 15 15 to 50
2 (0.9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 to 15
A
Revised Nov 14, 1995, and modified to conform to the gradations proposed by the producers and the National Crushed Stone Association.
B
Established by determining the mass of the individual stone particles.
C
Rounded to two figures from conversion of inch-pound (U.S. Customary) units.
TABLE 2 Effect of Specific Gravity on the Weight of Stone of Various Shapes (Pounds)
Maximum Cube Sphere
Dimension, in.
Specific Gravity Specific Gravity
. . . 2.60 2.65 2.70 2.75 2.60 2.65 2.70 2.75
42 6950 7090 7225 7350 3640 3712 3780 3850
30 2535 2584 2635 2680 1325 1353 1380 1405
20 750 766 780 390 390 401 410 415
12 160 165 168 172 85 87 88 90
6 20 20.5 21 21.5 10 11 11 11
Prolate Sphere Average of Cube and Sphere
Specific Gravity Specific Gravity
. . . 2.60 2.65 2.70 2.75 2.60 2.65 2.70 2.75
42 3238 3300 3362 3424 5300 5401 5500 5600
30 1180 1202.5 1225 1248 1930 1968 2005 2845
20 350 356 363 370 570 583 595 405
12 75 77 78 80 123 126 128 131
6 9.4 9.6 9.8 10 15 16 16 16
using “standard grading” versus “non-standard gradings” al- bridges and stream channel banks, gabions, and slope protec-
ways should be evaluated, and standard gradations used tion for earth embankment and rock-fill dams.
whenever possible. 5.3 The design selection of stone sizes, durability, place-
ment, filter/bedding materials, or geotextiles, steepness of
5. Significance and Use slopes for placement, and layer thickness are beyond the scope
of this guide.
5.1 The standard size designations listed in this practice are
provided so that the design team, consumer, and the producer
6. Manufacture
have a common reference in sizing
...