ASTM D6080-12a
(Practice)Standard Practice for Defining the Viscosity Characteristics of Hydraulic Fluids
Standard Practice for Defining the Viscosity Characteristics of Hydraulic Fluids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this practice is to establish viscosity designations derived from viscosities measured by test methods which have a meaningful relationship to hydraulic fluid performance. This permits lubricant suppliers, lubricant users, and equipment designers to have a uniform and common basis for designating, specifying, or selecting the viscosity characteristics of hydraulic fluids.
5.2 This practice is not intended to be a replacement for Classification D2422. Rather, it is an enhancement intended to provide a better description of the viscosity characteristics of lubricants used as hydraulic fluids.
5.3 This practice implies no evaluation of hydraulic oil quality other than its viscosity and shear stability under the conditions specified.
5.4 While it is not intended for other functional fluids, this practice may be useful in high-shear-stress applications where viscosity index (VI) improvers are used to extend the useful operating temperature range of the fluid.
5.5 This practice does not apply to other lubricants for which viscosity classification systems already exist, for example, SAE J300 for automotive engine oils and SAE J306 for axle and manual transmission lubricants.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers all hydraulic fluids based either on petroleum, synthetic, or naturally-occurring base stocks. It is not intended for water-containing hydraulic fluids.
1.2 For determination of viscosities at low temperature, this practice uses millipascal·second (mPa·s) as the unit of viscosity. For reference, 1 mPa·s is equivalent to 1 centipoise (cP). For determination of viscosities at high temperature, this practice uses millimetre squared per second (mm2/s) as the unit of kinematic viscosity. For reference, 1 mm2/s is equivalent to 1 centistoke (cSt).
1.3 This practice is applicable to fluids ranging in kinematic viscosity from about 4 to 150 mm2/s as measured at a reference temperature of 40°C and to temperatures from −50 to +16°C for a fluid viscosity of 750 mPa·s. Note 1—Fluids of lesser or greater viscosity than the range described in 1.3 are seldom used as hydraulic fluids. Any mathematical extrapolation of the system to either higher or lower viscosity grades may not be appropriate. Any need to expand the system should be evaluated on its own merit.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
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Designation:D6080 −12a
Standard Practice for
1
Defining the Viscosity Characteristics of Hydraulic Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6080; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D2983Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lu-
bricants Measured by Brookfield Viscometer
1.1 This practice covers all hydraulic fluids based either on
D5621Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Hydraulic
petroleum, synthetic, or naturally-occurring base stocks. It is
Fluids
not intended for water-containing hydraulic fluids.
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
1.2 For determination of viscosities at low temperature, this
Determine Conformance with Specifications
practice uses millipascal·second (mPa·s) as the unit of viscos-
3
2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Standards:
ity. For reference, 1mPa·s is equivalent to 1 centipoise (cP).
J300Engine Oil Viscosity Classification
For determination of viscosities at high temperature, this
2 J306Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricant Viscosity
practiceusesmillimetresquaredpersecond(mm /s)astheunit
2 Classification
of kinematic viscosity. For reference, 1 mm /s is equivalent to
1 centistoke (cSt).
3. Terminology
1.3 Thispracticeisapplicabletofluidsranginginkinematic
2 2
3.1 Definitions:
viscosity from about 4mm /s to 150mm /s as measured at a
3.1.1 hydraulic fluid, n—a liquid used in hydraulic systems
reference temperature of 40 °C and to temperatures
for lubrication and transmission of power.
from−50°C to+16°C for a fluid viscosity of 750mPa·s.
3.1.2 kinematic viscosity, n—the ratio of the dynamic vis-
NOTE 1—Fluids of lesser or greater viscosity than the range described
cosity to the density of a liquid.
in1.3areseldomusedashydraulicfluids.Anymathematicalextrapolation
of the system to either higher or lower viscosity grades may not be 3.1.2.1 Discussion—For gravity flow under a given hydro-
appropriate. Any need to expand the system should be evaluated on its
static head, the pressure head of a liquid is proportional to its
own merit.
density. Therefore, kinematic viscosity is a measure of the
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as resistance to flow of a liquid under gravity.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.3 Newtonian oil or fluid, n—anoilorfluidthatatagiven
standard.
temperature exhibits a constant viscosity at all shear rates or
shear stresses.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.4 non-Newtonian oil or fluid, n—an oil or fluid that at a
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
given temperature exhibits a viscosity that varies with chang-
D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
ing shear stress or shear rate.
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of DynamicViscos-
3.1.5 shear degradation, n—the decrease in molecular
ity)
weight of a polymeric thickener (VI improver) as a result of
D2270Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-
exposure to high shear stress.
matic Viscosity at 40°C and 100°C
3.1.6 shear rate, n—the velocity gradient in fluid flow.
D2422Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Vis-
cosity System
3.1.7 shear stability, n—the resistance of a polymer-
thickened fluid to shear degradation.
3.1.8 shear stress, n—the motivating force per unit area for
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
fluid flow.
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.
3.1.9 viscosity, n—the ratio between the applied shear stress
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published February 2013. Originally
and the rate of shear.
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6080–12. DOI:
10.1520/D6080-12A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
the ASTM website. Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6080−12a
3.1.9.1 Discussion—Viscosity is sometimes called the coef- example, SAE J300 for automotive engine oils and SAE J306
ficientofdynamicviscosity.Thiscoefficientisameasureofthe for axle and manual transmission lubricants.
resistance to flow of the liquid.
6
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6080 − 12 D6080 − 12a
Standard Practice for
1
Defining the Viscosity Characteristics of Hydraulic Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6080; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers all hydraulic fluids based either on petroleum, synthetic, or naturally-occurring base stocks. It is not
intended for water-containing hydraulic fluids.
1.2 For determination of viscosities at low temperature, this practice uses millipascal·second (mPa·s) as the unit of viscosity.
For reference, 1 mPa·s is equivalent to 1 centipoise (cP). For determination of viscosities at high temperature, this practice uses
2 2
millimetre squared per second (mm /s) as the unit of kinematic viscosity. For reference, 1 mm /s is equivalent to 1 centistoke (cSt).
2
1.3 This practice is applicable to fluids ranging in kinematic viscosity from about 4 to 150 mm /s as measured at a reference
temperature of 40°C and to temperatures from −50 to +16°C for a fluid viscosity of 750 mPa·s.
NOTE 1—Fluids of lesser or greater viscosity than the range described in 1.3 are seldom used as hydraulic fluids. Any mathematical extrapolation of
the system to either higher or lower viscosity grades may not be appropriate. Any need to expand the system should be evaluated on its own merit.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C
D2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System
D2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lubricants Measured by Brookfield Viscometer
D5621 Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Hydraulic Fluids
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
3
2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Standards:
J300 Engine Oil Viscosity Classification
J306 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricant Viscosity Classification
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 density, n—the mass per unit volume.
3.1.1 hydraulic fluid, n—a fluidliquid used in hydraulic systems for transmitting lubrication and transmission of power.
3.1.3 in-service viscosity, n—the viscosity of fluid during operation of a hydraulic pump or circuit components.
3.1.2 kinematic viscosity, n—the ratio of the dynamic viscosity to the density of a liquid.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.N0.10 on
Specifications.
Current edition approved June 1, 2012Nov. 1, 2012. Published August 2012February 2013. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20102012 as
D6080–10.–12. DOI: 10.1520/D6080-12.10.1520/D6080-12A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
Kinematic For gravity flow under a given hydrostatic head, the pressure head of a liquid is proportional to its density. Therefore,
kinematic viscosity is a measure of the resistance to flow of a liquid under gravity.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6080 − 12a
3.1.3 Newtonian oil or fluid, n—a an oil or fluid that at a given temperature exhibits a constant viscosity at all shear rates or
shear stresses.
3.1.4 non-Newtonian oil or fluid, n—a an oil or fluid that at a given temperature exhibits a viscosity that varies with changing
shear stress or shear rate.
3.1.5 shear degradation, n—the decrease in molecular weight of a polymeric thickener (VI improver) as a result of exposure
to high shear stress.
3.1.6 shear rate,
...
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