ASTM D6108-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Plastic Lumber and Shapes
Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Plastic Lumber and Shapes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Compression tests provide information about the compressive properties of plastic lumber and shapes when these products are used under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made. In the case of some materials, there will be a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Table 1 in Classification D 4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
Compressive properties include modulus of elasticity, secant modulus, compressive strength, and stress at a given strain. In the case of a material that fails in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength has a very definite value. In the case of a material that does not fail in compression by a shattering fracture nor exhibits a compressive yield point, the compressive strength is an arbitrary one depending upon the degree of distortion that is regarded as indicating complete failure. Many plastic lumber materials will not exhibit a true yield point. Compressive strength can have no real meaning in such cases. For plastic lumber, the stress at a given strain of 3 % (0.03 in./in. (mm/mm)) is typically used.
Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of plastic lumber and shapes, when the entire cross-section is loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens in the “as-manufactured” form are employed. As such, this is a test method for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or shapes as a product and not a material property test method.
1.2 Plastic lumber and plastic shapes are currently made predominantly with recycled plastics. However, this test method would also be applicable to similar manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins, or where the product is non-homogenous in the cross-section.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
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Designation: D6108 − 09
StandardTest Method for
1
Compressive Properties of Plastic Lumber and Shapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6108; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D5033 GuideforDevelopmentofASTMStandardsRelating
to Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics (Withdrawn
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the me-
3
2007)
chanical properties of plastic lumber and shapes, when the
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
entire cross-section is loaded in compression at relatively low
Plastics Specimens
uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens in the
D6111 Test Method for Bulk Density And Specific Gravity
“as-manufactured” form are employed. As such, this is a test
of Plastic Lumber and Shapes by Displacement
method for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
shapes as a product and not a material property test method.
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
1.2 Plastic lumber and plastic shapes are currently made
someter Systems
predominantly with recycled plastics. However, this test
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
method would also be applicable to similar manufactured
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
plastic products made from virgin resins, or where the product
3. Terminology
is non-homogenous in the cross-section.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 compressive deformation—the decrease in length pro-
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only. duced in the gage length of the test specimen by a compressive
load. It is expressed in units of length.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1.2 compressive strain—the ratio of compressive defor-
mation to the gage length of the test specimen, that is, the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- change in length per unit of original gage length along the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. longitudinal axis. It is expressed as a dimensionless ratio.
3.1.3 compressive strength—the maximum compressive
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
stress (nominal) carried by a test specimen during a compres-
2. Referenced Documents
sion test. It may or may not be the compressive stress
2
(nominal) carried by the specimen at the moment of rupture.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
3.1.4 compressive stress (nominal)—the compressive load
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
per unit area of minimum (or effective as calculated in
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
accordance with Test Method D6111) original cross section
als
within the gage boundaries, carried by the test specimen at any
given moment. It is expressed in force per unit area.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics 3.1.4.1 Discussion—The expression of compressive stress
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.20 on Plastic Lumber (Section
in terms of the minimum original cross section is almost
D20.20.01).
universally used. Under some circumstances the compressive
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originally
stress has been expressed per unit of prevailing cross section.
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D6108 – 03. DOI:
10.1520/D6108-09.
This stress is called the “true compressive stress”.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D6108 − 09
3.1.5 compressive stress-strain diagram—a diagram in products are used under conditions approximating those under
which values of compressive stress are plotted as ordinates which the tests are made. In the case of some materials, there
against corresponding values of compressive strain as abscis- will be a specification that requires the use of this test method,
sas. but wi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6108–03 Designation:D6108–09
Standard Test Method for
1
Compressive Properties of Plastic Lumber and Shapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6108; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope *
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of plastic lumber and shapes, when the entire
cross-section is loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens in the
“as-manufactured” form are employed. As such, this is a test method for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or shapes as
a product and not a material property test method.
1.2 Plastic lumber and plastic shapes are currently made predominantly with recycled plastics. However, this test method would
also be applicable to similar manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins, or where the product is non-homogenous in
the cross-section.
1.3 The values stated in inch–-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard. 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
D 5033 Guide for the Development of ASTM Standards Relating to the ProperRecycling and Use of Recycled Plastics
D 5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
D 6111 Test Method for Bulk Density andAnd Specific Gravity of Plastic Lumber and Shapes by Displacement
E4 Practices for LoadForce Verification of Testing Machines
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 compressive deformation—the decrease in length produced in the gage length of the test specimen by a compressive load.
It is expressed in units of length.
3.1.2 compressive strain—the ratio of compressive deformation to the gage length of the test specimen, that is, the change in
length per unit of original gage length along the longitudinal axis. It is expressed as a dimensionless ratio.
3.1.3 compressive strength—the maximum compressive stress (nominal) carried by a test specimen during a compression test.
It may or may not be the compressive stress (nominal) carried by the specimen at the moment of rupture.
3.1.4 compressive stress (nominal)—the compressive load per unit area of minimum (or effective as calculated in accordance
with Test Method D 6111) original cross section within the gage boundaries, carried by the test specimen at any given moment.
It is expressed in force per unit area.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—The expression of compressive stress in terms of the minimum original cross section is almost universally
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.20 on Plastic Products (Section
D20.20.01).
Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published April 2003. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D6108-97.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 6108 - 03.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 08.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D6108–09
used.Undersomecircumstancesthecompressivestresshasbeenexpressedperunitofprev
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