ASTM F289-96(2019)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Molybdenum Wire and Rod for Electronic Applications
Standard Specification for Molybdenum Wire and Rod for Electronic Applications
ABSTRACT
This specification deals with molybdenum wire and rod for electronic applications. The following grades of molybdenum wire and rod are covered in this specification: Grade 1—commercially pure molybdenum wire suitable for leads, hooks, supports, heaters, and metal-to-glass seals; Grade 2—commercially pure molybdenum wire suitable for mandrel either black or cleaned; and Grade 3—commercially pure molybdenum rod suitable for leads, hooks, supports, and metal-to-glass seals. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of chemical composition, minimum tensile strength, elongation, ductility, surface finish, dimensional tolerances, and straightness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two grades of molybdenum wire less than 0.050 in. (1.27 mm) in diameter and one grade of molybdenum rod 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) or less in diameter as follows:
1.1.1 Grade 1—Commercially pure molybdenum wire suitable for leads, hooks, supports, heaters, and metal-to-glass seals.
1.1.2 Grade 2—Commercially pure molybdenum wire suitable for mandrel either black or cleaned.
1.1.3 Grade 3—Commercially pure molybdenum rod suitable for leads, hooks, supports, and metal-to-glass seals.
1.2 The term wire applies to all spooled or coiled material and 0.050 in. (1.3 mm) or less in diameter and to short cut lengths 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) or less in diameter.
1.3 The term rod applies to all material over 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) in diameter, supplied in straight lengths.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Mar-2019
- Technical Committee
- F01 - Electronics
- Drafting Committee
- F01.03 - Metallic Materials, Wire Bonding, and Flip Chip
Relations
- Replaces
ASTM F289-96(2014) - Standard Specification for Molybdenum Wire and Rod for Electronic Applications - Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2020
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2012
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2010
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2009
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2006
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2005
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2004
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2004
- Effective Date
- 10-Jul-2003
- Effective Date
- 10-Oct-2001
- Effective Date
- 10-Oct-2001
Overview
ASTM F289-96(2019): Standard Specification for Molybdenum Wire and Rod for Electronic Applications provides a comprehensive framework for the production, characterization, and quality assurance of molybdenum wire and rod materials used in various electronic applications. Developed by ASTM International, this standard ensures that molybdenum wire and rod meet strict requirements for chemical composition, mechanical properties, dimensional tolerances, and surface finish.
This standard covers three grades of commercially pure molybdenum-specifically tailored for critical electronic components such as leads, hooks, supports, heaters, mandrels, and metal-to-glass seals. By adhering to this specification, manufacturers and users can ensure reliability and performance in electronic device manufacturing and assembly processes.
Key Topics
Material Grades and Applications
- Grade 1: Wire for leads, hooks, supports, heaters, and metal-to-glass seals.
- Grade 2: Wire for mandrels, either black or cleaned finish.
- Grade 3: Rod for leads, hooks, supports, and metal-to-glass seals.
Chemical Composition
- All grades must be at least 99.90% pure molybdenum, with strict maximum limits on oxygen and carbon content.
- Impurities are closely controlled to maintain high-performance characteristics in electronic environments.
Mechanical Properties
- Specifies minimum tensile strength, elongation, and ductility, tested using standardized ASTM methods.
- Wire and rod must meet defined criteria depending on diameter and application.
Dimensional Tolerances and Straightness
- Tight tolerances specified for diameter, weight per unit length, and out-of-roundness.
- Straightened rod and wire must meet defined camber limits to guarantee suitability for precision electronic fabrication.
Surface Finish
- Wire and rod are available in as-drawn, black, cleaned, or centerless-ground finishes.
- Surfaces must be smooth and free of contaminants or defects.
Packaging and Marking Requirements
- Proper identification of supplier, material grade, size, and batch details is required.
- Packaging must prevent contamination and damage during shipment.
Applications
The ASTM F289-96(2019) standard is vital for manufacturers, suppliers, and users of molybdenum wire and rod in electronic industries. Key applications include:
Semiconductor Device Fabrication:
Used as leads, hooks, and supports in microelectronic components where high purity and dimensional consistency are critical.Lamp and Lighting Manufacturing:
Molybdenum wire serves as support and mandrel material in lighting elements, especially in devices requiring metal-to-glass seals.High-Temperature Heaters:
Suitable for use in heating elements due to molybdenum’s excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties at elevated temperatures.Glass-to-Metal Seals:
Grades 1 and 3 are commonly used for structural integrity in glass-to-metal assemblies required in vacuum tubes and electronic enclosures.
Through these applications, compliance with ASTM F289-96(2019) ensures long-term performance, reliability, and safety of electronic products.
Related Standards
For a comprehensive quality assurance and testing regime, the following related standards are referenced within ASTM F289-96(2019):
- ASTM E8/E8M: Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
- ASTM F219: Test Methods of Testing Fine Round and Flat Wire for Electron Devices and Lamps
- ASTM F16: Measuring Diameter or Thickness of Wire and Ribbon
- ASTM D374/D374M: Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation
- Federal Standard No. 123: Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
- MIL-STD-129: Marking for Shipment and Storage (Military Agencies)
Adherence to these standards ensures consistent quality and traceability of molybdenum wire and rod materials, supporting critical electronic manufacturing processes.
Keywords: electronic applications, molybdenum, molybdenum wire, molybdenum rod, ASTM F289, stress-relief annealed condition, precision materials.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM F289-96(2019) is a technical specification published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Specification for Molybdenum Wire and Rod for Electronic Applications". This standard covers: ABSTRACT This specification deals with molybdenum wire and rod for electronic applications. The following grades of molybdenum wire and rod are covered in this specification: Grade 1—commercially pure molybdenum wire suitable for leads, hooks, supports, heaters, and metal-to-glass seals; Grade 2—commercially pure molybdenum wire suitable for mandrel either black or cleaned; and Grade 3—commercially pure molybdenum rod suitable for leads, hooks, supports, and metal-to-glass seals. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of chemical composition, minimum tensile strength, elongation, ductility, surface finish, dimensional tolerances, and straightness. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers two grades of molybdenum wire less than 0.050 in. (1.27 mm) in diameter and one grade of molybdenum rod 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) or less in diameter as follows: 1.1.1 Grade 1—Commercially pure molybdenum wire suitable for leads, hooks, supports, heaters, and metal-to-glass seals. 1.1.2 Grade 2—Commercially pure molybdenum wire suitable for mandrel either black or cleaned. 1.1.3 Grade 3—Commercially pure molybdenum rod suitable for leads, hooks, supports, and metal-to-glass seals. 1.2 The term wire applies to all spooled or coiled material and 0.050 in. (1.3 mm) or less in diameter and to short cut lengths 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) or less in diameter. 1.3 The term rod applies to all material over 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) in diameter, supplied in straight lengths. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ABSTRACT This specification deals with molybdenum wire and rod for electronic applications. The following grades of molybdenum wire and rod are covered in this specification: Grade 1—commercially pure molybdenum wire suitable for leads, hooks, supports, heaters, and metal-to-glass seals; Grade 2—commercially pure molybdenum wire suitable for mandrel either black or cleaned; and Grade 3—commercially pure molybdenum rod suitable for leads, hooks, supports, and metal-to-glass seals. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of chemical composition, minimum tensile strength, elongation, ductility, surface finish, dimensional tolerances, and straightness. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers two grades of molybdenum wire less than 0.050 in. (1.27 mm) in diameter and one grade of molybdenum rod 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) or less in diameter as follows: 1.1.1 Grade 1—Commercially pure molybdenum wire suitable for leads, hooks, supports, heaters, and metal-to-glass seals. 1.1.2 Grade 2—Commercially pure molybdenum wire suitable for mandrel either black or cleaned. 1.1.3 Grade 3—Commercially pure molybdenum rod suitable for leads, hooks, supports, and metal-to-glass seals. 1.2 The term wire applies to all spooled or coiled material and 0.050 in. (1.3 mm) or less in diameter and to short cut lengths 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) or less in diameter. 1.3 The term rod applies to all material over 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) in diameter, supplied in straight lengths. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM F289-96(2019) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 29.060.10 - Wires. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM F289-96(2019) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM F289-96(2014), ASTM F205-94(2020), ASTM F219-96(2018), ASTM F205-94(2015), ASTM F219-96(2013), ASTM F16-12, ASTM F205-94(2010)e1, ASTM F219-96(2009), ASTM F16-67(2006), ASTM F205-94(2005), ASTM E315-04, ASTM E8-04, ASTM E8-03, ASTM E8-01, ASTM E8-01e2. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM F289-96(2019) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F289 −96 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Specification for
Molybdenum Wire and Rod for Electronic Applications
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF289;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This specification covers two grades of molybdenum 2.1 ASTM Standards:
wire less than 0.050 in. (1.27 mm) in diameter and one grade D374Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
of molybdenum rod 1.00 in. (25.4 mm) or less in diameter as lation (Metric) D0374_D0374M
follows: E8Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
1.1.1 Grade 1—Commercially pure molybdenum wire suit- [Metric] E0008_E0008M
able for leads, hooks, supports, heaters, and metal-to-glass E315Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Molybdenum
seals. (Withdrawn 2010)
1.1.2 Grade 2—Commercially pure molybdenum wire suit- F16Test Methods for Measuring Diameter or Thickness of
able for mandrel either black or cleaned. Wire and Ribbon for Electronic Devices and Lamps
1.1.3 Grade 3—Commercially pure molybdenum rod suit- F205Test Method for Measuring Diameter of Fine Wire by
able for leads, hooks, supports, and metal-to-glass seals. Weighing
F219Test Methods of Testing Fine Round and Flat Wire for
1.2 The term wire applies to all spooled or coiled material
Electron Devices and Lamps
and 0.050 in. (1.3 mm) or less in diameter and to short cut
2.2 Federal Standard:
lengths 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) or less in diameter.
Fed. Std. No. 123Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
1.3 The term rod applies to all material over 0.020 in. (0.51
2.3 Military Standard:
mm) in diameter, supplied in straight lengths.
MIL-STD-129Marking for Shipment and Storage (Military
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded Agencies)
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3. Chemical Composition
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard. 3.1 All grades of wire and rod shall be 99.90% minimum
pure molybdenum. The maximum allowable oxygen content
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
shall be 0.007 weight% , while the maximum carbon content
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
shall be 0.03 weight %.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4. Mechanical Properties
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Tensile Properties:
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1.1 The tension test specimens and procedures shall con-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
form to Methods F219 for wire diameter up to and including
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
0.010 in. (0.25 mm), and Test Methods E8 for all other wire
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
and rod diameters.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Electronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on Metallic the ASTM website.
Materials, Wire Bonding, and Flip Chip. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Current edition approved April 1, 2019. Published April 2019. Originally www.astm.org.
approved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F289 – 96 (2014). AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
DOI: 10.1520/F0289-96R19. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F289−96 (2019)
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirement
4.1.2 The tensile requirements of wire in sizes up to and
including 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) in diameter shall conform to the Minimum Tensile Elongation in 10 in.
Wire Diameter, in. Strength, psi (250 mm), %
requirements of Table 1 and shall be calculated by dividing the
(mm) (MPa) Class Class
breaking load in grams-force by the size of the wire expressed
1, min 2, max
in milligrams per 200 mm. Over 0.020 (0.51) 64 000 (441) 6 6
to 0.050 (1.27)
4.1.3 Thetensilerequirementsofwireinsizesover0.020in.
(0.51 mm) up to 0.050 in. (1.3 mm) in diameter shall conform
to the requirements of Table 2.
6.2 For black or cleaned rod in diameters over 0.020 in.
4.1.4 The tensile requirements of rod shall be as agreed
(0.51 mm) and wire over 0.030 in. (0.76 mm) the tolerance
upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
shall be 63% of the specified diameter.
4.2 Ductility Properties:
6.3 Out-of-roundness of wire over 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) in
4.2.1 Wire up to 0.003 in. (0.08 mm) in diameter shall not
diameter and all rod except centerless ground shall be within
break when subjected to the test prescribed in 11.4.1.
4% of the specified diameter, maximum.
4.2.2 Wire over 0.003 in. (0.08 mm) up to 0.020 in. (0.51
mm) in diameter shall not break or show cracks under
6.4 When centerless ground rod is specified, the diameter
observation through a binocular microscope at 30× when
shall meet the tolerances shown in Table 3.
subjected to the test prescribed in 11.4.2.
4.2.3 Wire over 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) in diameter shall not 7. General Requirements
break or show cracks under unaided visual observation when
7.1 The material shall be uniform in composition, cross
subjected to the test prescribed in 11.4.3.
section, and in structural condition.
4.2.4 Rod shall have ductility properties as agreed upon
7.2 Unless otherwise specified, all material shall be pro-
between the purchaser and the supplier.
vided in the stress-relief annealed condition (not recrystal-
lized).
5. Surface Finish
5.1 Molybdenum wire shall be furnished in the following
8. Straightness
finishes:
8.1 When ordered as straightened, straightness of wire shall
5.1.1 As drawn, black, or
be specified as the radius of curvature or camber of a given
5.1.2 As drawn, cleaned.
length of wire as agreed upon between the purchaser and the
5.2 Molybdenum rod shall be furnished in the following
supplier.
finishes:
8.2 Rod and short cut lengths shall be straight to within ⁄8
5.2.1 Black,
in. camber in 1 ft (or 3 mm camber in 300 mm) of length.
5.2.2 Cleaned, or
5.2.3 Centerless ground. NOTE 1—The straightness criterion in terms of maximum permissible
camberinanarbitrarylength,L',iscalculatedastheproductoftheknown
5.3 Surfaces shall be smooth and free of contamination and
maximum permissible camber in a specified length, L, and the square of
pernicious surface defects.
the ratio of L' to L. As an example, consider L' to be 3 ft. In inch-pound
1 1
units, the maximum camber per 3-ft length=( ⁄8 in.) ( ) =1 ⁄8 in. In SI
6. Dimensional Tolerances
units, the maximum camber per 760-mm length = (3 mm) ( ) =28 mm.
The relation given constitutes an approximation valid for the purpose as
6.1 Forwireindiametersuptoandincluding0.020in.(0.51
long as L' is not too large; the exact solution can be obtained by
mm)indiameterthetoleranceshallbe 65%ofweightper200
considering a circle with the camber in length L' as one segment of a
mm. The size of wire shall be uniform for Grades 1 and 3
diametral chord perpendicularly bisecting a chord of length L'.
within 2 weight% as measured at both ends of the wire; and
9. Coiling and Spooling
for Grade 2 within 1 weight% within the total length of the
wire. The standard si
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