ASTM E1687-04

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An American National Standard
Designation: E1687 – 04
Standard Test Method for
Determining Carcinogenic Potential of Virgin Base Oils in
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Metalworking Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1687; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversamicrobiologicaltestprocedure 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
based upon the Salmonella mutagenesis assay of Ames et al 3.1.1 base stock, n—the refined oil component of metal-
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(1) (see also Maron et al (2)). It can be used as a screening working fluid formulations.
technique to detect the presence of potential dermal carcino- 3.1.2 PCA (Polycyclic Aromatics), n—For the purposes of
gens in virgin base oils used in the formulation of metalwork- this test method, PCArefers to fused-ring polycyclic aromatic
ingoils.Personswhoperformthistestshouldbewell-versedin compounds with three or more rings. For example, the hydro-
the conduct of theAmes test and conversant with the physical carbon series is represented by phenanthrene (3), pyrene (4),
and chemical properties of petroleum products. benzopyrene (5), dibenzopyrene (6), coronene (7). Heterocy-
1.2 The test method is not recommended as the sole testing clicpolynuclearcompoundsarealsoincludedinthedefinition.
procedure for oils which have viscosities less than 18 cSt (90 3.1.3 promutagenic compounds, promutagens,
SUS) at 40°C, or for formulated metalworking fluids. n—compounds that are not directly mutagenic but require
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the metabolism for expression of mutagenic activity.
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for 3.1.4 Reference Oil 1, n—straight-run naphthenic vacuum
information only. distillate (heavy vacuum gas oil) of known MI and PNA
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the content recommended for use as a reference standard for the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the modified Ames test.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.2 Abbreviations:Abbreviations:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.2.1 DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide), n—extractionagentused
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Section 7 provides in the preparation of aromatic-enriched oil fractions for mu-
general guidelines for safe conduct of this test method. tagenicity testing.
3.2.2 G-6-P (Glucose-6-Phosphate), n—substrate required
2. Referenced Documents
fortheoperationoftheNADPHgeneratingsysteminvolvedin
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
the biological oxidations described above.
E2148 Guide for Using Documents Related to Metalwork- 3.2.3 MI (Mutagenicity Index), n—the slope of the dose-
ing or Metal Removal Fluid Health and Safety
response curve for mutagenicity in the modified Ames test.
2.2 Other Standards: 3.2.3.1 Discussion—MI is an index of relative mutagenic
29 CFR 1910.1450 Occupational Exposure to Hazardous
potency.
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Chemical in Laboratories 3.2.4 NADP (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
Phosphate)—required cofactor for the biological oxidations
involved in activation of PNA to their mutagenic forms.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E34 on
3.2.5 PNA (Polynuclear Aromatics; also termed CA),
Occupational Health and Safety and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
n—polynuclear aromatic compounds.
E34.50 on Health and Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids.
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originally
3.2.6 S-9, n—fraction prepared from hamster liver which
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E1687-98. DOI:
contains the enzymes required for metabolic activation of
10.1520/E1687-04.
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PNAs to their mutagenic forms.
The boldface numbers refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC 20402.
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E1687 – 04
4. Summary of Test Method content of 3 to 7 ring PNAs, which include polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons and their heterocyclic analogs. The
4.1 The Ames Salmonella mutagenicity assay is the most
s
...