ASTM E3344-22
(Guide)Standard Guide for Selection of Background Reference Areas for Determination of Representative Sediment Background Concentrations
Standard Guide for Selection of Background Reference Areas for Determination of Representative Sediment Background Concentrations
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Intended Use—This guide may be used by various parties involved in sediment corrective action programs, including regulatory agencies, project sponsors, environmental consultants, toxicologists, risk assessors, site remediation professionals, environmental contractors, and other stakeholders.
4.2 Importance of the CSM—The CSM should be continuously updated and refined to describe the physical properties, chemical composition and occurrence, biologic features, and environmental conditions of the sediment corrective action project (Guide E1689).
4.3 Reference Material—This guide should be used in conjunction with other ASTM guides listed in 2.1 (especially Guide E3242); this guide should also be used in conjunction with the material in the References at the end of this guide (including 3). Utilizing these reference materials will direct the user in deriving representative sediment background concentrations.
4.4 Flexible Site-Specific Implementation—This guide provides a systematic but flexible framework to accommodate variations in approaches by regulatory agencies and by the user based on project objectives, site complexity, unique site features, regulatory requirements, newly developed guidance, newly published scientific research, changes in regulatory criteria, advances in scientific knowledge and technical capability, and unforeseen circumstances.
4.5 Regulatory Frameworks—This guide is intended to be applicable at a broad range of local, state, tribal, federal (such as CERCLA), or international jurisdictions, each with its own unique regulatory framework. As such, this guide does not provide a detailed discussion of the requirements or guidance associated with any of these regulatory frameworks, nor is it intended to supplant applicable regulations and guidance. The user of this guide will need to be aware of the regulatory requirements and guidance in the jurisdiction where the work is being performed.
4.6 Systematic Project Planning and Scop...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide focuses on the selection of sediment background reference areas from aquatic environments for the purpose of determining representative sediment background concentrations. These concentrations are typically used in contaminated sediment corrective actions performed under various regulatory programs, including the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). Although many of the references cited in this guide are CERCLA oriented, the guide is applicable to remedial actions performed under local, state, tribal, federal, and international cleanup programs. However, this guide does not describe the requirements for each jurisdiction.
1.1.1 The sediment background reference areas chosen using this guide will need to be approved by the regulatory agency having jurisdiction (or they should take no exception to the areas chosen), especially if the representative background sediment concentrations will potentially be used to develop sediment remedial criteria.
1.2 This guide provides a framework to select appropriate sediment background reference areas for collection of sediment data in the determination of representative sediment background concentrations. It is intended to inform, complement, and support, but not supersede, local, state, tribal, federal, or international guidelines.
1.2.1 This guide is designed to apply to contaminated sediment sites where sediment data have been collected and are readily available. Additionally, it assumes that risk assessments have been performed, so that the potential contaminants of concern (PCOCs) that exceed risk-based thresholds have been identified. This guide can be applied at multiple points within the project life cycle (such as site assessment and remedial design).
1.2.2 Furthermore, this guide presumes that the identified risk-based thresholds are low enough to pose corrective action implementation challenges or that the...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E3344 − 22
Standard Guide for
Selection of Background Reference Areas for Determination
1
of Representative Sediment Background Concentrations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3344; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope to recontamination from ongoing anthropogenic or natural
sources that are not controlled. In either case, representative
1.1 This guide focuses on the selection of sediment back-
sedimentbackgroundconcentrationsareusefulfordetermining
ground reference areas from aquatic environments for the
the extent of corrective remedial actions (when used as
purpose of determining representative sediment background
remedial goals), evaluating risks posed by representative back-
concentrations. These concentrations are typically used in
ground concentrations, and establishing appropriate post-
contaminated sediment corrective actions performed under
remedial monitoring plans.
various regulatory programs, including the Comprehensive
1.2.3 Acasestudyforselectingabackgroundreferencearea
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
using a tiered decision analysis approach is presented in
(CERCLA). Although many of the references cited in this
Appendix X1. It compares various characteristics of a hypo-
guide are CERCLA oriented, the guide is applicable to reme-
thetical sediment site associated with a former manufactured
dial actions performed under local, state, tribal, federal, and
gas plant (MGP) facility to three candidate background refer-
international cleanup programs. However, this guide does not
ence areas and identifies the reference area that best satisfies
describe the requirements for each jurisdiction.
the decision analysis objectives.
1.1.1 The sediment background reference areas chosen
using this guide will need to be approved by the regulatory
1.3 Methodologies used to determine representative back-
agency having jurisdiction (or they should take no exception to
ground concentrations at contaminated sediment sites are not
the areas chosen), especially if the representative background
discussed in this guide—refer to Guide E3242 for a discussion
sediment concentrations will potentially be used to develop
of these methodologies.
sediment remedial criteria.
1.4 Related ASTM Standards—This guide is related to
1.2 This guide provides a framework to select appropriate
Guide E3242, which provides a framework for determination
sedimentbackgroundreferenceareasforcollectionofsediment
of representative sediment background concentrations, includ-
data in the determination of representative sediment back-
ing statistical and geochemical considerations. This guide is
ground concentrations. It is intended to inform, complement,
also related to Guide E3164, which addresses corrective action
and support, but not supersede, local, state, tribal, federal, or
monitoring before, during, and after sediment remediation
international guidelines.
activities, as well as Guide E3163, which concerns sediment
1.2.1 This guide is designed to apply to contaminated
sampling and analytical techniques used during sediment
sedimentsiteswheresedimentdatahavebeencollectedandare
corrective action projects. Guide D4823, which concerns
readilyavailable.Additionally,itassumesthatriskassessments
sediment core sampling, is also related to this guide.
have been performed, so that the potential contaminants of
1.4.1 Specifically, this guide is intended to be used in
concern (PCOCs) that exceed risk-based thresholds have been
conjunction with the framework to calculate representative
identified. This guide can be applied at multiple points within
background values outlined in Guide E3242, to help ensure
the project life cycle (such as site assessment and remedial
appropriate background reference areas are chosen for use in
design).
representative background concentration calculations.
1.2.2 Furthermore, this guide presumes that the identified
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
risk-based thresholds are low enough to pose corrective action
as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in
implementation challenges or that the sediment site is subject
this guide.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE50onEnvironmental
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Assessment, Risk Management and Correcti
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E3344 − 22
Standard Guide for
Selection of Background Reference Areas for Determination
1
of Representative Sediment Background Concentrations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3344; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope to recontamination from ongoing anthropogenic or natural
sources that are not controlled. In either case, representative
1.1 This guide focuses on the selection of sediment back-
sediment background concentrations are useful for determining
ground reference areas from aquatic environments for the
the extent of corrective remedial actions (when used as
purpose of determining representative sediment background
remedial goals), evaluating risks posed by representative back-
concentrations. These concentrations are typically used in
ground concentrations, and establishing appropriate post-
contaminated sediment corrective actions performed under
remedial monitoring plans.
various regulatory programs, including the Comprehensive
1.2.3 A case study for selecting a background reference area
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
using a tiered decision analysis approach is presented in
(CERCLA). Although many of the references cited in this
Appendix X1. It compares various characteristics of a hypo-
guide are CERCLA oriented, the guide is applicable to reme-
thetical sediment site associated with a former manufactured
dial actions performed under local, state, tribal, federal, and
gas plant (MGP) facility to three candidate background refer-
international cleanup programs. However, this guide does not
ence areas and identifies the reference area that best satisfies
describe the requirements for each jurisdiction.
the decision analysis objectives.
1.1.1 The sediment background reference areas chosen
using this guide will need to be approved by the regulatory
1.3 Methodologies used to determine representative back-
agency having jurisdiction (or they should take no exception to
ground concentrations at contaminated sediment sites are not
the areas chosen), especially if the representative background
discussed in this guide—refer to Guide E3242 for a discussion
sediment concentrations will potentially be used to develop
of these methodologies.
sediment remedial criteria.
1.4 Related ASTM Standards—This guide is related to
1.2 This guide provides a framework to select appropriate
Guide E3242, which provides a framework for determination
sediment background reference areas for collection of sediment
of representative sediment background concentrations, includ-
data in the determination of representative sediment back-
ing statistical and geochemical considerations. This guide is
ground concentrations. It is intended to inform, complement,
also related to Guide E3164, which addresses corrective action
and support, but not supersede, local, state, tribal, federal, or
monitoring before, during, and after sediment remediation
international guidelines.
activities, as well as Guide E3163, which concerns sediment
1.2.1 This guide is designed to apply to contaminated
sampling and analytical techniques used during sediment
sediment sites where sediment data have been collected and are
corrective action projects. Guide D4823, which concerns
readily available. Additionally, it assumes that risk assessments
sediment core sampling, is also related to this guide.
have been performed, so that the potential contaminants of
1.4.1 Specifically, this guide is intended to be used in
concern (PCOCs) that exceed risk-based thresholds have been
conjunction with the framework to calculate representative
identified. This guide can be applied at multiple points within
background values outlined in Guide E3242, to help ensure
the project life cycle (such as site assessment and remedial
appropriate background reference areas are chosen for use in
design).
representative background concentration calculations.
1.2.2 Furthermore, this guide presumes that the identified
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
risk-based thresholds are low enough to pose corrective action
as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in
implementation challenges or that the sediment site is subject
this guide.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environmental
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibil-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro
...
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