ASTM D2180-17

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Designation: D2180 − 89 (Reapproved 2008) D2180 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Active Oxygen in Bleaching Compounds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2180; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of inorganic“ active oxygen” in bleaching compounds such as perborates,
percarbonates, and peroxides but not in persulfates or monopersulfates.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Safety Data Sheets (formerly known as Material Safety Data SheetsSheets) are available for reagents and
materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D459 Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other Detergents
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 active oxygen—the measure of the oxidizing power of compounds such as inorganic perborates, percarbonates, or
peroxides which, in effect, release hydrogen peroxide in acid solutions. It is expressed in terms of oxygen (O) with gram-equivalent
weight of 8.00.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Active oxygen is determined by titration of an acidified aqueous solution of the compound with a standard solution of
potassium permanganate.
NOTE 1—Use of a molybdate-catalyzed iodometric method for this purpose has been suggested, but the possible reaction of the liberated iodine on
organics present must be considered. It is believed there is less likelihood of reaction with permanganate, provided the titration is performed in such a
manner as to avoid any considerable excess of permanganate.
5. Interferences
5.1 The possibility of interference from organic constituents, which may react with permanganate, must be considered with each
compound encountered. A sluggish reaction or vague end point, will suggest interference. Inorganic builders or detergents, such
as silicates, phosphates, or carbonates, do not interfere. Organic detergents or wetting agents may interfere. EDTA-type
sequestrants do interfere (see Terminology D459).
6. Reagents
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps and Other Detergentsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.12 on Analysis
and Specifications of Soaps, Synthetics, Detergents and their Components.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008Jan. 1, 2017. Published July 2008February 2017. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 as
D2180 – 89 (2003).(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D2180-89R08.10.1520/D2180-17.
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D2180 − 17
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high
purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming to
Specification D1193.
6.3 Potassium Permanganate, Standard Solution (0.1 N)—Dissolve 3.2 g of potassium permanganate (KMnO ) in 100 mL of
water and dilute the solution with water to 1 L. Allow the solution to stand in the dark for two weeks and then filter through a
fine-porosity sintered-glass crucible. Do not wash the filter. Store the solution in glass-stoppered, amber-colored glass bottles.
NOTE 2—Do not permit the filtered solution to come into contact with paper, rubber, or other organic material.
6.3.1 Weigh accurately to the nearest 0.1 mg about 0.3 g standard sodium oxalate (Na C O , previously dried at 105°C).
2 2 4
Transfer to a 400-mL beaker. Add 250 mL of H SO (5+95), freshly boiled for at least 10 min and cooled to 27 6 3°C. Stir until
2 4
the oxalate has dissolved. Add 0.1 N KMnO solution rapidly from
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