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ASTM E3334-22

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol Solutions

Standard Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol Solutions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures acidity quantitatively. Very dilute aqueous solutions of low molecular mass organic acids, such as acetic acid, are highly corrosive to many metals.  
5.2 Acceptable levels of acidity in ethanol can vary with different specifications, but in general, it is below 200 mg/kg (ppm). Knowledge of the acidity can be required to establish whether the product quality meets specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of acidity as acetic acid in ethanol and ethanol solutions. This test method may be applied to ethanol samples containing very little water (dehydrated alcohols) to solutions with significant water (low proof ethanol samples). The solutions include denatured alcohols such as the U.S. denatured ethanol formulas defined in 27.CFR.Part 21. This test method is used for determining low levels of acidity, below 200 m⁄kg (ppm mass), with the exclusion of carbon dioxide.  
1.1.1 Procedure A—Developed specifically for measurement of acidity by potentiometric titration. This is the referee method.  
1.1.2 Procedure B—Developed specifically for measurement of acidity by color end point titration.  
1.2 The ethanol may be analyzed directly by this test method with minimal sample preparation.  
1.3 Review the current and appropriate Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions and proper personal protective equipment.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 on Hazards.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Dec-2021
ICS
71.080.40 - Organic acids
Technical Committee
E48 - Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass
Drafting Committee
E48.A0 - Product Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E3334-22 - Standard Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol SolutionsASTM E3334-22 - Standard Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol Solutions
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ASTM E3334-22 - Standard Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol Solutions
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E3334 − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol Solutions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3334; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of acidity as 2.1 ASTM Standards:
acetic acid in ethanol and ethanol solutions. This test method D770Specification for Isopropyl Alcohol
may be applied to ethanol samples containing very little water D1193Specification for Reagent Water
(dehydrated alcohols) to solutions with significant water (low D7795Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol
proof ethanol samples). The solutions include denatured alco- Blends by Titration
hols such as the U.S. denatured ethanol formulas defined in E200Practice for Preparation, Standardization, and Storage
27.CFR.Part 21. This test method is used for determining low of Standard and Reagent Solutions for ChemicalAnalysis
levels of acidity, below 200 m⁄kg (ppm mass), with the
2.2 U.S. Federal Standards:
exclusion of carbon dioxide.
United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Part
3
1.1.1 Procedure A—Developed specifically for measure-
21Formulas for Denatured Alcohol and Rum
ment of acidity by potentiometric titration. This is the referee
United States PharmacopeiaGeneral Chapters Alcohol De-
4
method.
termination
1.1.2 Procedure B—Developed specifically for measure-
3. Terminology
ment of acidity by color end point titration.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 The ethanol may be analyzed directly by this test
3.1.1 acidity, n—the quality, state, or degree of being acid.
method with minimal sample preparation.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The amount of acid titrated with a
1.3 Review the current and appropriate Safety Data Sheets
strong base (NaOH or KOH) in a sample, calculated as acetic
(SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid
acid in mg/kg (ppm mass).
procedures, and safety precautions and proper personal protec-
3.1.2 ethanol, n—ethyl alcohol, the chemical compound
tive equipment.
C H OH.
2 5
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
3.2 Abbreviations:
asstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthis
3.2.1 KHC H O —KHP-Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate
8 4 4
standard.
3.2.2 NaOH—Sodium Hydroxide
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.2.3 KOH—Potassium Hydroxide
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Samples are purged with nitrogen prior to and during
Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 on
titrationfortheeliminationofcarbondioxideandthenaknown
Hazards.
amountofethanolsampleisanalyzedpotentiometricallyeither
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
using a monotonic or dynamic end point titrant addition, as
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
specified in Procedure A, or by color end point titration, as
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
specified in Procedure B, using a strong base (NaOH or KOH)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
solution.Acidcontentiscalculatedasmilligramsofaceticacid
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
per kilogram of sample.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
BioenergyandIndustrialChemicalsfromBiomassandisthedirectresponsibilityof Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Subcommittee E48.A0 on Product Specifications. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2022. Published February 2022. DOI: 10.1520/ Available from https://www.ecfr.gov/.
4
E3334-22. Available from USP, https://www.usp.org/.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3334 − 22
5. Significance and Use 7. Hazards
5.1 This test method measures acidity quantitatively. Very
7.1 Each analyst shall be acquainted with the potential
dilute aqueous solutions of low
...

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SCOPE
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Standard Test Method for Determination of 4-Carboxybenzaldehyde and p-Toluic Acid in Purified Terephthalic Acid by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The presence of 4-CBA and p-TOL in PTA used for the production of polyester is undesirable because they can slow down the polymerization process and 4-CBA imparts coloration to the polymer due to thermal instability.  
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ASTM D7883-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of 4-Carboxybenzaldehyde and p-Toluic Acid in Purified Terephthalic Acid by Weak Anion Exchange High Performance Liquid Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The presence of 4-CBA and p-TOL in PTA used for the production of polyester is undesirable because they can slow down the polymerization process, and 4-CBA is also imparting coloration to the polymer due to thermal instability.  
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Standard Test Method for Determination of 4-Carboxybenzaldehyde and p-Toluic Acid in Purified Terephthalic Acid by Capillary Electrophoresis with Reverse Voltage Mode

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5.1 The presence of 4-CBA and p-TOL in PTA used for the production of polyester is undesirable because they can slow down the polymerization process; and 4-CBA is also imparting coloration to the polymer due to thermal instability.  
5.2 Determining the amount of 4-CBA and p-TOL remaining from the manufacture of PTA is often required. This test method is suitable for setting specifications and for use as an internal quality control where these products are produced or used.  
5.3 This test method is intended as an alternative to the HPLC method for the determination of 4-CBA and p-TOL in PTA. The major benefits of CE are speed, simplicity, reduced reagent consumption, and operating costs.
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1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of 4-carboxybenzaldehyde (4-CBA) and p-toluic acid (p-TOL) in purified terephthalic acid (PTA) by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with reverse voltage mode and UV detection. It is applicable for 4-CBA from 3 to 400 mg/kg and for p-TOL from 8 to 400 mg/kg, respectively.  
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Standard Test Method for Determination of Chlorinated Organic Acid Compounds in Water by Gas Chromatography with an Electron Capture Detector

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Chlorinated phenoxyacid herbicides, and other organic acids are used extensively for weed control. Esters and salts of 2,4-D and silvex have been used as aquatic herbicides in lakes, streams, and irrigation canals. Phenoxy acid herbicides can be toxic even at low concentrations. For example, the 96 h, TLm for silvex is 2.4 mg/L for bluegills (1).8 These reasons make apparent the need for a standard test method for such compounds in water.
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1.1 This test method covers a gas chromatographic procedure for the quantitative determination of selected chlorinated acids and other acidic herbicides in water. Similar chemicals may also be determined by this test method, but it is the user’s responsibility to verify the applicability of this test method to any compounds not listed in this scope. The acid form of the following compounds were interlaboratory tested using this test method, and the results were found acceptable:2    
Analyte  
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1.3 This test method has been validated in an interlaboratory test for reagent water and finished tap water. The analyst should recognize that precision and bias reported in Section 18 may not be applicable to other waters.  
1.4 This test method is restricted to use by or under the supervision of analysts experienced in the use of gas chromatography (GC) and in the interpretation of gas chromatograms. Each analyst must demonstrate the ability to generate acceptable results with this test method using the procedure described in 19.3. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.  
1.5 Analytes that are not separated chromatographically, that is, which have very similar retention times, cannot be individually identified and measured in the same calibration mixture or water sample unless an alternate technique for identification and quantitation exists (16.6, 16.7, and 16.8).  
1.6 When this test method is used to analyze unfamiliar samples for any or all of the analytes given in 1.1, analyte identifications must be confirmed by at least one additional qualitative technique.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 6, 8, 9, and 10.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Terephthalic Acid by Color-Indicator Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 An estimate of TA purity can be determined by titrating with KOH. As an index of TA purity, the acid number can be used as a guide in the quality control of TA production.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of acid number of terephthalic acid (TA) by color-indicator titration. Acid number of TA product is usually within 674 to 676 mg KOH/g.  
1.2 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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