iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM B488-11

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses

Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for electrodeposited gold coatings for engineering applications, employed specifically for their corrosion and tarnish resistance (including resistance to fretting corrosion and catalytic polymerization), bondability, low and stable contact resistance, solderability, and infrared reflectivity. This specification does not cover gold coatings produced from autocatalytic, immersion, and vapor deposition. Coatings shall be classified into types, which characterize minimum purity, and codes, which designate Knoop hardness. Coatings shall be sampled, tested and conform to specified requirements as to purity, hardness, appearance, thickness, mass per unit area, ductility, adhesion (assessed by either bend, heat, or cutting test), and integrity (including gross defects, mechanical damage, and porosity).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for electrodeposited gold coatings that contain not less than 99.00 mass % gold and that are used for engineering applications.
1.2 Specifically excluded from this specification are autocatalytic, immersion, and vapor deposited gold coatings.
1.3 Gold coatings conforming to this specification are employed for their corrosion and tarnish resistance (including resistance to fretting corrosion and catalytic polymerization), bondability, low and stable contact resistance, solderability, and infrared reflectivity. Several types of coatings, differing in gold purity and hardness, are covered by this specification.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values provided in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 The following hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods section, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2011
ICS
25.220.40 - Metallic coatings
Technical Committee
B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
Drafting Committee
B08.04 - Precious Metal Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM B488-01(2010)e1 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Replaced By
ASTM B488-18 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses
Effective Date
01-Aug-2018
Referred By
ASTM B984-12(2020)e1 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Palladium-Cobalt Alloy for Engineering Use
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM B866-95(2018) - Standard Test Method for Gross Defects and Mechanical Damage in Metallic Coatings by Polysulfide Immersion
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM B877-96(2018) - Standard Test Method for Gross Defects and Mechanical Damage in Metallic Coatings by the Phosphomolybdic Acid (PMA) Method
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM B679-98(2021) - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Palladium for Engineering Use
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011
Referred By
ASTM B867-95(2018) - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Palladium-Nickel for Engineering Use
Effective Date
01-Oct-2011

Buy Standard

ASTM B488-11 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering UsesASTM B488-11 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses
PreviousNext
Technical specification
ASTM B488-11 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses
English language
8 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview
REDLINE ASTM B488-11 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering UsesREDLINE ASTM B488-11 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses
PreviousNext
Technical specification
REDLINE ASTM B488-11 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses
English language
8 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:B488 −11
Standard Specification for
1
Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B488; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope B254Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating on
Stainless Steel
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversrequirementsforelectrodepos-
B281Practice for Preparation of Copper and Copper-Base
itedgoldcoatingsthatcontainnotlessthan99.00mass%gold
Alloys for Electroplating and Conversion Coatings
and that are used for engineering applications.
B322Guide for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating
1.2 Specifically excluded from this specification are
B343Practice for Preparation of Nickel for Electroplating
autocatalytic, immersion, and vapor deposited gold coatings.
with Nickel
1.3 Gold coatings conforming to this specification are em- B374Terminology Relating to Electroplating
ployed for their corrosion and tarnish resistance (including B481Practice for Preparation of Titanium and Titanium
Alloys for Electroplating
resistance to fretting corrosion and catalytic polymerization),
bondability, low and stable contact resistance, solderability, B482Practice for Preparation of Tungsten and Tungsten
Alloys for Electroplating
and infrared reflectivity. Several types of coatings, differing in
gold purity and hardness, are covered by this specification. B487Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide
Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Cross Section
standard. Values provided in parentheses are for information
B489Practice for Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodepos-
only.
ited and Autocatalytically Deposited Metal Coatings on
1.5 The following hazards caveat pertains only to the test
Metals
methods section, Section 9, of this specification: This standard
B499Test Method for Measurement of CoatingThicknesses
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
Magnetic Basis Metals
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
B504Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Metal-
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
lic Coatings by the Coulometric Method
to use.
B507Practice for Design ofArticles to Be Electroplated on
Racks
2. Referenced Documents
B542Terminology Relating to Electrical Contacts andTheir
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Use
B183Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel for
B558Practice for Preparation of Nickel Alloys for Electro-
Electroplating
plating
B242Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Elec-
B567Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness
troplating
by the Beta Backscatter Method
B253Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Alloys for Elec-
B568Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness
troplating
by X-Ray Spectrometry
B571Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of Metallic
Coatings
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on
B578TestMethodforMicrohardnessofElectroplatedCoat-
Metallic and Inorganic Coatingsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
ings
B08.04 on Precious Metal Coatings.
B602Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2010. Originally
Inorganic Coatings
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as B488–01(2010)e01.
DOI: 10.1520/B0488-11.
B678Test Method for Solderability of Metallic-Coated
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Products
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
B697Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspection
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. of Electrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B488−11
B735Test Method for Porosity in Gold Coatings on Metal 4.1.3 a numeral designating thickness in micrometres in
Substrates by Nitric Acid Vapor accordance with 4.3.
B741Test Method for Porosity In Gold Coatings On Metal
4.2 Purity and Hardness:
3
Substrates By Paper Electrography (Withdrawn 2005)
4.2.1 Purity—The issue of this standard establishes a new
B748Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Metal-
AS
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:B488–01 (Reapproved 2010) Designation: B488 – 11
Standard Specification for
1
Electrodeposited Coatings of Gold for Engineering Uses
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B488; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—Editorially corrected throughout in March 2011.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers requirements for electrodeposited gold coatings that contain not less than 99.00 mass % gold and
that are used for engineering applications.
1.2 Specifically excluded from this specification are autocatalytic, immersion, and vapor deposited gold coatings.
1.3 Gold coatings conforming to this specification are employed for their corrosion and tarnish resistance (including resistance
to fretting corrosion and catalytic polymerization), bondability, low and stable contact resistance, solderability, and infrared
reflectivity. Several types of coatings, differing in gold purity and hardness, are covered by this specification.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values provided in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 The following hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods section, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard
to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel for Electroplating
B242 Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Electroplating
B253 Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Alloys for Electroplating
B254 Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating on Stainless Steel
B281 Practice for Preparation of Copper and Copper-Base Alloys for Electroplating and Conversion Coatings
B322 Guide for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating
B343 Practice for Preparation of Nickel for Electroplating with Nickel
B374 Terminology Relating to Electroplating
B481 Practice for Preparation of Titanium and Titanium Alloys for Electroplating
B482 Practice for Preparation of Tungsten and Tungsten Alloys for Electroplating
B487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of Cross Section
B489 Practice for Bend Test for Ductility of Electrodeposited and Autocatalytically Deposited Metal Coatings on Metals
B499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on Magnetic
Basis Metals
B504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by the Coulometric Method
B507 Practice for Design of Articles to Be Electroplated on Racks
B542 Terminology Relating to Electrical Contacts and Their Use
B558 Practice for Preparation of Nickel Alloys for Electroplating
B567 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness by the Beta Backscatter Method
B568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness by X-Ray Spectrometry
B571 Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of Metallic Coatings
B578 Test Method for Microhardness of Electroplated Coatings
B602 Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B08 on Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.08.02 on
Precious Metal Coatings.
Current edition approved Nov.Oct. 1, 2010.2011. Published November 2010. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 20062010 as
B488 – 01(20106)e01. DOI: 10.1520/B0488-01R10E01.10.1520/B0488-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B488 – 11
B678 Test Method for Solderability of Metallic-Coated Products
B697 Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspection of Electr
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM B874-96(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Chromium Diffusion Coating Applied by Pack Cementation Process

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for chromium diffusion of metals applied by pack cementation process. The four classes of chromium diffusion coating, defined by the type of base metal, are as follows: Class I (carbon steels); Class II (low-alloy steels); Class III (stainless steels); and Class IV (nickel-based alloys). Specimens shall adhere to processing requirements such as substrate preparation, materials (masteralloys, activators, and inert fillers), loading, furnace cycle, post cleaning, post straightening, visual inspection, and marking and packaging. Specimens shall also adhere to coating requirements such as diffusion thickness, decarburization, chromium content, appearance, and mechanical properties (tensile strength, and macro- and micro-hardness).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for chromium diffusion of metals by the pack cementation method. Pack diffusion employs the chemical vapor deposition of a metal which is subsequently diffused into the surface of a substrate at high temperature. The material to be coated (substrate) is immersed or suspended in a powder containing chromium (source), a halide salt (activator), and an inert diluent such as alumina (filler). When the mixture is heated, the activator reacts to produce an atmosphere of chromium halides which transfers chromium to the substrate for subsequent diffusion. The chromium-rich surface enhances corrosion, thermal stability, and wear-resistant properties.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B765-03(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of Porosity and Gross Defect Tests for Electrodeposits and Related Metallic Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Porosity tests indicate the completeness of protection or coverage offered by the coating. When a given coating is known to be protective when properly deposited, the porosity serves as a measure of the control of the process. The effects of substrate finish and preparation, plating bath, coating process, and handling, may all affect the degree of imperfection that is measured.
Note 1: The substrate exposed by the pores may be the basis metal, an underplate, or both.  
4.2 The tests in this guide involve corrosion reactions in which the products delineate pores in coatings. Since the chemistry and properties of these products may not resemble those found in service environments, these tests are not recommended for prediction of product performance unless correlation is first established with service experience.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes some of the available standard methods for the detection, identification, and measurement of porosity and gross defects in electrodeposited and related metallic coatings and provides some laboratory-type evaluations and acceptances. Some applications of the test methods are tabulated in Table 1 and Table 2.    
1.2 This guide does not apply to coatings that are produced by thermal spraying, ion bombardment, sputtering, and other similar techniques where the coatings are applied in the form of discrete particles impacting on the substrate.  
1.3 This guide does not apply to beneficial or controlled porosity, such as that present in microdiscontinuous chromium coatings.  
1.4 Porosity test results (including those for gross defects) occur as chemical reaction end products. Some occur in situ, others on paper, or in a gel coating. Observations are made that are consistent with the test method, the items being tested, and the requirements of the purchaser. These may be visual inspection (unaided eye) or by 10× magnification (microscope). Other methods may involve enlarged photographs or photomicrographs.  
1.5 The test methods are only summarized. The individual standards must be referred to for the instructions on how to perform the tests.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B734-97(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Copper for Engineering Uses

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for electrodeposited copper coatings used for engineering purposes including surface hardening, heat treatment stop-off, as an underplate for other engineering coatings, for electromagnetic interference shielding in electronic circuitry, and in certain joining operations. This specification does not cover electrodeposited copper used as a decorative finish, as an undercoat for other decorative finishes, or for electroforming. Coatings shall be classified according to thickness. Metal parts shall undergo pre- and post-coating treatment for reducing the risk of hydrogen embrittlement, and peening. Coatings shall be sampled, tested, and shall conform to specified requirements as to appearance, thickness, porosity, solderability, adhesion, embrittlement relief, and packaging.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for electrodeposited coatings of copper used for engineering purposes. Examples include surface hardening, heat treatment stop-off, as an underplate for other engineering coatings, for electromagnetic interferences (EMI) shielding in electronic circuitry, and in certain joining operations.  
1.2 This specification is not intended for electrodeposited copper when used as a decorative finish, or as an undercoat for other decorative finishes.  
1.3 This specification is not intended for electrodeposited copper when used for electroforming.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B867-95(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Palladium-Nickel for Engineering Use

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for electrodeposited palladium-nickel (Pd-Ni) coatings for engineering applications. Composite coatings consisting of palladium-nickel and a thin gold over-plate for applications involving electrical contacts are also covered. The classification system for the coatings covered here shall be specified by the basis metal, the thickness of the underplating, the composition type and thickness class of the palladium-nickel coating, and the grade of the gold overplating. Coatings should be sampled, tested, and conform to specified requirements as to purity, appearance, thickness, composition, adhesion, ductility, and integrity (including gross defects, mechanical damage, porosity, and microcracks). Alloy composition shall be examined either by wet method, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Auger or electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA), or wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS). Coating adhesion shall be analyzed either by bend, heat, or cutting test.
SCOPE
1.1 Composition—This specification covers requirements for electrodeposited palladium-nickel coatings containing between 70 and 95 mass % of palladium metal. Composite coatings consisting of palladium-nickel and a thin gold overplate for applications involving electrical contacts are also covered.  
1.2 Properties—Palladium is the lightest and least noble of the platinum group metals. Palladium-nickel is a solid solution alloy of palladium and nickel. Electroplated palladium-nickel alloys have a density between 10 and 11.5, which is substantially less than electroplated gold (17.0 to 19.3) and comparable to electroplated pure palladium (10.5 to 11.8). This yields a greater volume or thickness of coating per unit mass and, consequently, some saving of metal weight. The hardness range of electrodeposited palladium-nickel compares favorably with electroplated noble metals and their alloys (1, 2).2  
Note 1: Electroplated deposits generally have a lower density than their wrought metal counterparts.
Approximate Hardness (HK25)  
Gold  
50–250  
Palladium  
75–600  
Platinum  
150–550  
Palladium-Nickel  
300–650  
Rhodium  
750–1100  
Ruthenium  
600–1300  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B571-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of Metallic Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 These tests are useful for production control and for acceptance testing of products.  
2.2 Interpreting the results of qualitative methods for determining the adhesion of metallic coatings is often a controversial subject. If more than one test is used, failure to pass any one test is considered unsatisfactory. In many instances, the end use of the coated article or its method of fabrication will suggest the technique that best represents functional requirements. For example, an article that is to be subsequently formed would suggest a draw or a bend test; an article that is to be soldered or otherwise exposed to heat would suggest a heat-quench test. If a part requires baking or heat treating after plating, adhesion tests should be carried out after such posttreatment as well.  
2.3 Several of the tests are limited to specific types of coatings, thickness ranges, ductility, or compositions of the substrate. These limitations are noted generally in the test descriptions and are summarized in Table 1 for certain metallic coatings. (A) + Appropriate; − not appropriate.    
2.4 “Perfect” adhesion exists if the bonding between the coating and the substrate is greater than the cohesive strength of either. Such adhesion is usually obtained if good electroplating practices are followed.  
2.5 For many purposes, the adhesion test has the objective of detecting any adhesion less than “perfect.” For such a test, one uses any means available to attempt to separate the coating from the substrate. This may be prying, hammering, bending, beating, heating, sawing, grinding, pulling, scribing, chiseling, or a combination of such treatments. If the coating peels, flakes, or lifts from the substrate, the adhesion is less than perfect.  
2.6 If evaluation of adhesion is required, it may be desirable to use one or more of the following tests. These tests have varying degrees of severity; and one might serve to distinguish between satisfactory and unsatisfactory adhesion in a ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers simple, qualitative tests for evaluating the adhesion of metallic coatings on various substances.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B556-90(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Measurement of Thin Chromium Coatings by Spot Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The thickness of a decorative chromium coating is often critical to its performance.  
4.2 This procedure is useful for an approximate determination when the best possible accuracy is not required. For more reliable determinations, the following methods are available: Methods B504, B568, and B588.  
4.3 This test assumes that the rate of dissolution of the chromium by the hydrochloric acid under the specified conditions is always the same.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of the spot test for the measurement of thicknesses of electrodeposited chromium coatings over nickel and stainless steel with an accuracy of about ±20 % (Section 9). It is applicable to thicknesses up to 1.2 μm.2
Note 1: Although this test can be used for coating thicknesses up to 1.2 μm, there is evidence that the results obtained by this method are high at thicknesses greater than 0.5 μm.3 In addition, for coating thicknesses above 0.5 μm, it is advisable to use a double drop of acid to prevent depletion of the test solution before completion of the test.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B832-93(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Electroforming with Nickel and Copper

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The specialized use of the electroplating process for electroforming results in the manufacture of tools and products that are unique and often impossible to make economically by traditional methods of fabrication. Current applications of nickel electroforming include: textile printing screens; components of rocket thrust chambers, nozzles, and motor cases; molds and dies for making automotive arm-rests and instrument panels; stampers for making phonograph records, video-discs, and audio compact discs; mesh products for making porous battery electrodes, filters, and razor screens; and optical parts, bellows, and radar wave guides (1-3).3  
4.2 Copper is extensively used for electroforming thin foil for the printed circuit industry. Copper foil is formed continuously by electrodeposition onto rotating drums. Copper is often used as a backing material for electroformed nickel shells and in other applications where its high thermal and electrical conductivities are required. Other metals including gold are electroformed on a smaller scale.  
4.3 Electroforming is used whenever the difficulty and cost of producing the object by mechanical means is unusually high; unusual mechanical and physical properties are required in the finished piece; extremely close dimensional tolerances must be held on internal dimensions and on surfaces of irregular contour; very fine reproduction of detail and complex combinations of surface finish are required; and the part cannot be made by other available methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers electroforming practice and describes the processing of mandrels, the design of electroformed articles, and the use of copper and nickel electroplating solutions for electroforming.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B555-86(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Measurement of Electrodeposited Metallic Coating Thicknesses by Dropping Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The thickness of a metal coating is often critical to its performance.  
4.2 This procedure is useful for an approximate determination when the best possible accuracy is not required. For more reliable determinations, the following methods are available: Test Methods B487, B499, B504, and B568.  
4.3 This test assumes that the rate of dissolution of the coating by the corrosive reagent under the specified conditions is always the same.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of the dropping test to measure the thickness of electrodeposited zinc, cadmium, copper, and tin coatings.  
Note 1: Under most circumstances this method of measuring coating thicknesses is not as reliable or as convenient to use as an appropriate coating thickness gauge (see Test Methods B499, B504, and B568).  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B689-97(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Electroplated Engineering Nickel Coatings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for electroplated nickel coatings applied to metal products for engineering applications (for example, for use as a buildup for mismachined or worn parts), for electronics applications (including as underplates in contacts or interconnections), and in certain joining applications. Coatings shall be available in any one of the following types: Type 1, coatings electroplated from solutions not containing hardeners, brighteners, or stress control additives; Type 2, electrodeposits used at moderate temperatures, and contain sulfur or other codeposited elements or compounds that are present to increase the hardness, refine grain structure, or control internal stress; and Type 3, electroplates containing dispersed submicron particles such as silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, and aluminum oxide that are present to increase hardness and wear resistance at specified temperatures. Metal parts shall undergo pre- and post-coating treatments to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement, and peening. Coatings shall be sampled, tested, and conform accordingly to specified requirements as to appearance, thickness (measured either destructively by microscopical or coulometric method, or nondestructively by magnetic or X-ray method), adhesion (examined either by bend, file, heat and quench, or push test), porosity (assessed either by hot water, ferroxyl, or flowers of sulfur test), workmanship, and hydrogen embrittlement relief.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for electroplated nickel coatings applied to metal products for engineering applications, for example, for use as a buildup for mismachined or worn parts, for electronic applications, including as underplates in contacts or interconnections, and in certain joining applications.  
1.2 Electroplating of nickel for engineering applications (Note 1) requires technical considerations significantly different from decorative applications because the following functional properties are important:  
1.2.1 Hardness, strength, and ductility,  
1.2.2 Wear resistance,  
1.2.3 Load bearing characteristics,  
1.2.4 Corrosion resistance,  
1.2.5 Heat scaling resistance,  
1.2.6 Fretting resistance, and  
1.2.7 Fatigue resistance.  
Note 1: Functional electroplated nickel coatings usually contain about 99 % nickel, and are most frequently electrodeposited from a Watts nickel bath or a nickel sulfamate bath. Typical mechanical properties of nickel electroplated from these baths, and the combined effect of bath operation and solution composition variables on the mechanical properties of the electrodeposit are given in Guide B832. When electroplated nickel is required to have higher hardnesses, greater wear resistance, certain residual stress values and certain leveling characteristics, sulfur and other substances are incorporated in the nickel deposit through the use of certain addition agents in the electroplating solution. For the effect of such additives, see Section 4 and Annex A3. Cobalt salts are sometimes added to the plating solution to produce harder nickel alloy deposits.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B380-97(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Corrosion Testing of Decorative Electrodeposited Coatings by the Corrodkote Procedure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Nickel/chromium and copper/nickel/chromium electrodeposited coatings are widely used for decorative and protective applications. The Corrodkote test provides a method of controlling the quality of electroplated articles and is suitable for manufacturing control, as well as research and development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the Corrodkote2 method of evaluating the corrosion performance of copper/nickel/chromium and nickel/chromium coatings electrodeposited on steel, zinc alloys, aluminum alloys, plastics and other substrates.  
Note 1: The following ASTM standards are not requirements. They are reference for information only: Practice B537, Specification B456, Test Method B602, and Specification B604.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off