ASTM F1696-96(2003)

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An American National Standard
Designation:F1696–96(Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Method for
Energy Performance of Single-Rack Hot Water Sanitizing,
Door-Type Commercial Dishwashing Machines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1696; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the energy 2.1 ASTM Standards:
consumption of single-rack, hot water sanitizing, door-type F857 Specification for Hot Water Sanitizing Commercial
commercialdishwashers(hereafterreferredtoasdishwashers). Dishwashing Machines, Stationary Rack Type
This includes under the counter single rack, hot water sanitiz- 2.2 NSF Standards:
ing, door type commercial dishwashing machines. This test NSF, Listings Food Equipment and Related Products, Com-
methodexcludessingletemperaturedoor-typemachines.Dish- ponents and Materials
washer tank heaters are evaluated separately from the booster Standard Number 3 Commercial Spray-Type Dishwashing
heater. Dishwashers may have a remote or self-contained Machines
booster heater. This test method does not address cleaning or 2.3 ASHRAE Document:
sanitizing performance. ASHRAE Guideline 2-1986 (RA90) Engineering Analysis
1.2 The following procedures are included in this test of Experimental Data
method:
3. Terminology
1.2.1 Procedures to Confirm Dishwasher is Operating
3.1 Definitions:
Properly Prior to Performance Testing:
1.2.1.1 Maximum energy input rate of the tank heaters (see 3.1.1 booster heater, n—water heater for taking supply hot
water (typically 140°F) up to 180°F for sanitizing rinse; the
10.2).
1.2.1.2 Maximum energy input rate of the booster heater, if booster heater may be separate from dishwasher or integral.
3.1.2 dishload, n—a peg type, polypropylene dishrack of a
applicable (see 10.3).
specified weight, loaded with ten 9-in. plates of a specified
1.2.1.3 Water consumption calibration (see 10.4).
1.2.1.4 Booster temperature calibration, if applicable (see weight,usedtoputathermalloadonthedishwasherduringthe
washing energy test.
10.5).
1.2.1.5 Wash tank temperature calibration (see 10.6). 3.1.3 dishwasher, n—for this test method, a heat-sanitizing
commercial, single rack, door-type dishwasher.
1.2.2 Energy Usage and Cycle Rate Performance Tests:
1.2.2.1 Washing energy test (10.7). 3.1.4 uncertainty, n—measure of systematic and precision
errors in specified instrumentation or measure of repeatability
1.2.2.2 Tank heater idle energy rate (door(s) open and
door(s) closed) (see 10.8). of a reported test result.
1.2.2.3 Booster idle energy rate, if provided (see 10.9).
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1 The maximum energy input rate of the tank heater and
as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for informa-
the booster heater is determined to check whether the dish-
tion only.
washer is operating at the manufacturer’s rated input. If the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
measured input rate is not within 5% of the rated input, all
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
further testing ceases and the manufacturer is contacted. The
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
manufacturer may make appropriate changes or adjustments to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the dishwasher.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.08.
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F26 on Food Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Rd.,Ann
Service Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F26.06 on
Arbor, MI 48113-0140.
Productivity and Energy Protocol. Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originally Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as F1696–96. 30329.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F1696–96 (2003)
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NOTE 1—It is the intent of the testing procedure herein to evaluate the
have a resolution of a least 0.01 ft /(0.0003 m ) and have a
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performance of a dishwasher at its rated gas pressure or electric voltage.
maximum error of at least 0.01 ft (0.0003 m ) and have a
Ifanelectricunitisrateddualvoltage(thatis,designedtooperateateither
maximum error no greater than 2% of the measured value.
208 or 240 V with no change in components), the voltage selected by the
6.3 One or Two Steam Flow Meters, for measuring the flow
manufacturer or tester, or both, shall be reported. If an dishwasher is
of steam to tank heaters and or booster heater. They shall have
designed to operate at two voltages without a change in the resistance of
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aresolutionof0.01ft (0.0003m )andamaximumuncertainty
the heating elements, the performance of the unit (for example, recovery
time) may differ at the two voltages. of 1% of the measured value.
6.4 Pressure Gage, for measuring the pressure of steam to
4.2 The wash tank and booster temperature are calibrated to
steam coils. It shall have a resolution of 0.5 psig (3.4 kPa) and
the manufacturer’s recommendations.
a maximum uncertainty of 1% of the measured value.
4.3 The water consumption is adjusted per the manufactur-
6.5 Canopy Exhaust Hood, mounted in agreement with
er’srecommendations.Thepressureregulatorvalveisadjusted
manufacturer’srequirementsandoperatingatanominal300to
to 20 6 1 psi and the water consumption measured. If this is
500 cfm ventilation rate or in accordance with the manufac-
notwithin 60.15GPMoftheNSFratingorthemanufacturer’s
turer’s recommendation, if applicable. Report the ventilation
rating if not listed to NSF standards, then the manufacturer
rate.
shall be contacted.
6.6 Pressure Gage, for monitoring natural gas pressure. It
4.4 Thetankheaterenergyrateisdeterminedatidle,thatis,
shallhavearangeof0to10in.H O(0to2.5kPa),aresolution
whenthetanktemperatureisbeingmaintained,butnowashing
of 0.1 in. H O (125 Pa), and a maximum uncertainty of 1% of
istakingplace.Thistestisrunbothwiththedoor(s)closedand
the measured value.
with the door(s) left open.
6.7 Temperature Sensor,formeasuringnaturalgastempera-
4.5 The booster heater idle energy rate is determined.
ture in the range of 50°F to 100°F (10 to 40°C), with a
4.6 The dishwasher and booster energy consumption per
resolution of 0.5°F (0.3°C) and an uncertainty of 61°F
rack of dishes is determined by washing 10 racks loaded with
(0.5°C).
a specified quantity of dishes.
6.8 Barometer, for measuring absolute atmospheric pres-
sure,tobeusedforadjustmentofmeasurednaturalgasvolume
5. Significance and Use
to standard conditions. It shall have a resolution of 0.2 in. Hg
5.1 The maximum energy input rate test is used to confirm
(670 Pa) and an uncertainty of 0.2 in. Hg (670 Pa).
that the dishwasher is operating at the manufacturer’s rated
6.9 Flow Meter, for measuring water consumption of the
input prior to further testing. This test would also indicate any
dishwasher. It shall have a resolution of 0.01 gal (40 mL), and
problems with the electric power supply, gas service pressure,
an uncertainty of 0.01 gal (40 mL), at flow rate as low as 0.2
or steam supply flow or pressure.
gpm (13 mL/s).
5.2 The tank and booster temperature, as well as water
6.10 Stop Watch, with a 0.1-s resolution.
consumption are adjusted to NSF specifications to ensure that
6.11 Analytical Balance Scale, or equivalent, for measuring
the test is applied to a properly functioning dishwasher.
weight of dishes and dish racks used in the dishload energy
5.3 Because much of a dishwasher’s operating period is
test. It shall have a resolution of 0.01 lb (5 g) and an
spent in the idle condition, tank heater and booster idle energy
uncertainty of 0.01 lb (5 g).
consumption rate is an important part of predicting an end
6.12 Calibrated Exposed Junction Thermocouple Probes,
user’s energy consumption. The test is run with the door(s)
with a range from−20°F to 400°F (−30 to 200°C), with a
openandwiththedoor(s)closed,sothattheenergyuseofboth
resolutionof0.2°F(0.1°C)andanuncertaintyof1.0°F(0.5°C),
end-user behaviors can be characterized.
for measuring tank temperature and booster and dishwasher
5.4 A washing energy test generates an energy per rack
inlettemperature.CalibratedTypeKZ4GAthermocouplewire
usage. This is useful both as a measure for comparing the
with stainless steel sheath and ceramic insulation is the
energy performance of one dishwasher to another and as a
recommendedchoiceforboosteranddishwasherinlettempera-
predictor of an end users energy consumption.
ture. The thermocouple probe can be fed through a compres-
sion fitting so as to submerse the exposed junction in the
6. Apparatus
booster and dishwasher inlets.
6.1 One or Two Wh Meters, for measuring the electrical
6.13 Dishracks, 12, Metro Mdl P2MO, 20 in. by 20 in., peg
energy consumption of the tank heaters, pump motor, and
type, commercial, or acceptable equivalent. They shall weigh
booster heater (if applicable), shall have a resolution of at least
4.6 6 0.1 lb and are used in the washing energy test.
10Whandamaximumuncertaintynogreaterthan1.5%ofthe
6.14 Plates,100,9in.,ceramic-glazed,weighinganaverage
measured value for any demand greater than 100 W. For any
of 1.3 6 0.05 lb each. If plates, meeting this criteria cannot be
demandlessthan100W,themetershallhavearesolutionofat
obtained, then it will be necessary to acquire saucers, as
least 10Wh and a maximum uncertainty no greater than 10%.
specified in 6.15. See 9.11 prior to obtaining these plates.
6.2 One or Two Gas Meters, for measuring the gas con-
NOTE 2—Inter-Americant Mdl #132 are within the specified weight
sumption of tank heater or booster heater, or both, shall have a
range and are inexpensive.
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resolution of at least 0.01 ft (0.0003 m ) and a maximum
uncertainty no greater than 1% of the measured value for any
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demand greater than 2.2 ft /h (0.06 m /h). If the meter is used
Available from Keystone Restaurant Supply, 491 W. San Carlos St., San Jose,
for measuring the gas consumed by the pilot lights, it shall CA 95110.
F1696–96 (2003)
6.15 Saucers, 20, ceramic-glazed, weighing less than 0.5 lb 9.8 Installtheflowmeter(see6.9)suchthattotalwaterflow
each. See 9.11 for an explanation of why these may be to the booster and dishwasher is measured.
required. 9.9 Install a temperature sensor (see 6.12) in the wash tank
6.16 SurfaceTemperatureThermocoupleProbe,formeasur- near the thermostat bulb.
ing the plate temperature. Resolution and uncertainty shall be 9.10 Install a temperature sensor (see 6.12) in the dish-
the same as in 6.12. washer rinse water inlet, and in the booster inlet. The sensors
should be installed with the probe immersed in the water.
7. Materials
NOTE 3—Install the thermocouple probes described in 6.12 into the
7.1 As specified in 6.13, the dishracks must be made of
water inlets for dishwasher rinse and booster. The thermocouple probe
shall be installed so that the thermocouple is immersed in the incoming
polypropylene. This is required because the test method
water.Acompression fitting should be installed first into the plumbing for
assumes a specific heat of 0.39 Btu/lb°F. One verification that
both inlets. A junction fitting may be installed in the plumbing line that
arackispolypropyleneisifithastherecyclingsymbol 6x5on
would be compatible with the compression fitting.
it (and the letters “PP” below it).
9.11 Preparation of Dish-Loads:
9.11.1 This section describes preparation of ten dishloads
8. Sampling
and two empty racks to be used in the washing energy test.
8.1 Dishwasher—A representative production model shall
9.11.2 An important feature of the washing energy test is
be selected for performance testing.
thateverydishwasherissubjectedtothesamethermalload.To
accomplishthis,thetestermustcontrolsomeofthefactorsthat
9. Preparation of Apparatus
affect the thermal load. These factors are:
9.1 Install the dishwasher in accordance with the manufac-
9.11.2.1 the total weight of the dishes,
turer’s instructions under a 3-ft by 3-ft canopy exhaust hood,
9.11.2.2 the weight of the (empty) racks, and
operating at a nominal ventilation rate of 300 to 500 cfm or in
9.11.2.3 the initial temperature of the dishes and racks.
accordance with manufacturer’s recommendation, if appli-
9.11.3 The weight of the racks is specified in 6.13 as 4.6 lb
cable. The associated heating or cooling system shall be
or greater. If they weigh more than 4.6 lb, trim away material
capable of maintaining an ambient temperature of 75 6 5°F
until they weigh 4.6 6 0.1 lb.To see what parts of the rack are
within the testing environment when the exhaust ventilation
notneededforthetestandmaythereforebetrimmed,itmaybe
system is working and the appliance is being operated.
desirable to load the rack as they will be used during the test.
9.2 Install the booster heater (if it is not integral to the
The loading is explained in 9.11.4 and 9.11.5.
dishwasher)inaccordancewiththemanufacturer’srecommen-
9.11.4 Prepare ten dishloads as described in this and the
dations. The pipe from the booster outlet to the dishwasher
followingstep(9.11.5).Thetendishloadsmusthave13.060.5
inlet shall be minimized, and shall be wrapped with ⁄2-in.
lb of plates. Ideally, this simply requires ten 9-in. plates. If the
insulation along its entire length.
total weight of the ten 9-in. plates does not fall within the
9.3 Connect the booster to a supply of water that is within
range, then use the saucers to adjust the total weight. A
63°Fofitsratedinputtemperature(nottoexceed140 63°F).
maximum of two saucers can be added per rack.
9.4 Connectthedishwasherandboostertocalibratedenergy
9.11.5 Space the plates and saucers evenly on the racks.
test meters. The dishwasher and booster may be monitored as
9.11.6 The bulk temperature of the dishloads must be 75 6
oneenergyload,butitispreferabletomonitorthemseparately.
2°F. This can be accomplished by storing the dishloads
Separatemonitoringwillbroadentheusefulnessofthedataand
together in a room with an ambient temperature of 75 6 2°F.
enhance the accuracy of the result.
Avoid any circumstances that would result in some dishes
9.5 For gas installations, install a pressure regulator (down-
beingatdifferenttem
...