ASTM D4458-05

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Designation:D4458–05
Standard Test Method for
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Chloride Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4458; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 4. Summary of Test Method
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1.1 This test method is applicable to the measurement of 4.1 This test method is based upon the Mohr procedure for
chloride in highly mineralized waters such as oil field brines, determiningchlorideionwithsilvernitrate.Thechloridereacts
seawater, and brackish water. The test method is based upon withthesilverionbeforeanysilverchromateforms,duetothe
the titration of chloride with silver nitrate, using a visual lower solubility of silver chloride. The potassium chromate
indicator. indicator reacts with excess silver ion to form a red silver
1.2 Samples containing from 10 to 150 mg of chloride can chromate precipitate. The end point is the appearance of the
be analyzed by this test method. These levels are achieved by first permanent orange color.
dilution as described in the test method. 4.2 Thistestmethodissuitableforanalyzingsolutionswith
1.3 Itistheuser’sresponsibilitytoassurethevalidityofthe a pH between 6.0 and 8.5.
method for untested types of water.
5. Significance and Use
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Chloride is present in virtually all oil field brines,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- seawaters, and many waste waters. Identification of the origin
of the water and selection of its disposal method may be based
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. upon the chloride content. The chloride content is also used to
estimate the resistivity of formation waters and to differentiate
2. Referenced Documents
between subsurface formations.
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
6. Interferences
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water 6.1 Sulfide, bromide, iodide, thiocyanate, cyanide, phos-
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of phate, sulfite, carbonate, hydroxide, and iron interfere in this
test method. Sulfide, sulfite, and thiosulfate can be removed
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D3370 Practices for SamplingWater from Closed Conduits with a peroxide treatment, but usually no attempt is made to
removebromideandiodidebecausetheyareusuallypresentin
D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications insignificant quantities compared to chloride. If necessary, the
pH can be raised and the hydroxides of several metals,
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
including iron, can be filtered off. Iron, barium, lead, and
3. Terminology
bismuth precipitate with the chromate indicator.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
7. Apparatus
method, refer to Terminology D1129.
7.1 Laboratory Glassware.
7.2 Buret, 25-mL capacity.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water
7.3 Hotplate.
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommiteeD19.05onInorganicConstituentsin
Water. 7.4 Magnetic Stirrer and TFE-fluorocarbon-Coated Stirring
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally
Bars.
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 1994 as D4458–85 (1999).
DOI: 10.1520/D4458-05.
8. Reagents
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Hillebrand, W. F., Lundell, G. E. F., Bright, H.A., and Hoffman, J. I., Applied
Inorganic Analysis, 2nd Ed., 732, John Wiley& Sons, Inc., New York, NY, 1953. 8.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
allreagentsshallconformtothespecificationoftheCommittee
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4458–05
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TABLE 1 Aliquot Size for Chloride Determination
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of Specific Gravity Sample Dilution Equivalent Aliquot, mL
sufficiently high purity to permit
...