ASTM D1823-95

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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Designation: D 1823 – 95 An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols and Organosols at High
Shear Rates by Extrusion Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of plastisol 3.1 The sample is conditioned to the proper temperature,
and organosol viscosity at high shear rates by means of an placed into an extrusion chamber, and extruded under standard
extrusion viscometer. conditions. The viscosity is calculated from the extrusion
1.2 Apparent viscosity at low shear rates is covered in Test pressure and the rate of flow through the orifice.
Method D 1824.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4.1 The suitability of a dispersion resin for any given
standard. The values in parentheses are given for information
application is dependent upon its viscosity characteristics.
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety 4.2 The extrusion viscosity defines the flow behavior of a
plastisol or organosol under high shear. This viscosity relates to
concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health the conditions encountered in mixing, pumping, knife coating,
roller coating, and spraying processes.
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
tions prior to use.
5. Apparatus
NOTE 1—This standard resembles ISO 4575-1985 in title only. The
5.1 Extrusion Rheometer.
content is significantly different.
5.2 Orifice, 3.17 6 0.13 mm (0.125 6 0.005 in.) inside
diameter and 50 6 1.0 mm (1.97 6 0.04 in.) long.
2. Referenced Documents
5.3 Sample Containers, Tin Cans, or Glass Jars, 1-pt
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(500-mL) capacity.
D 1475 Test Method for Density of Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,
5.4 Paper Cups, 8-oz (250-mL) capacity.
and Related Products
3 5.5 Nitrogen Cylinder, equipped with pressure regulator and
D 1755 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Resins
gage.
D 1824 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols
3 5.6 Thermometer—ASTM Solvents Distillation Thermom-
and Organosols at Low Shear Rate
eter having a range from − 2 to +52°C (28 to 126°F) and
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
conforming to the requirements for Thermometer 37C as
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
prescribed in Specification E 1.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
5.7 Timer.
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 4575-1985: Poly Vinyl Chloride Pastes—
6. Conditioning
Determination of Apparent Viscosity Using the Severs
6 6.1 Maintain the plastisol or organosol samples at 236 1°C
Rheometer
(73 6 2 °F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity at all times after
mixing and throughout the period of viscosity determinations.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on Plastics
7. Procedure
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materials
(Section D20.15.08).
7.1 Set Up Rheometer—Attach the pressure regulator to the
Current edition approved March 15, 1995. Published May 1995. Originally
nitrogen tank. Connect the nitrogen supply to the rheometer by
published as D 1823 – 61 T. Last previous edition D 1823 – 90.
means of the copper tubing. Do not use oxygen or liquid
This edition contains changes in Sections 1, 2, and 11 to include an ISO
equivalency statement, to reference a low shear rate test method, and to include pressure sources (Note 2). Set the three-way quick-acting valve
Keywords.
to the IN position. Regulate the tank pressure to give 1.04 MPa
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
5 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Burrell Severs, Model A-120, or equivalent, has been found satisfactory for this
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th purpose. The Burrell Severs, Model A-120 is available from the Burrell Corp., 2223
Floor, New York, NY 10036. Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15219.
D 1823
(150 psi) pressure to the instrument. Do not use input or line efflux time on deaerated material. If the efflux time of undeaerated
material is specifically desired, the determination of density on an
pressure over 1.38 MPa (200 psi). Insert the medium-size
undeaerated sample may also be desirable.
orifice (approximately 3.2 mm ( ⁄8 in.) inside diameter) in the
orifice retaining cap, with the orifice and the barrel, then screw Viscosity, pascal seconds5~shear stress/shear rate!3 10
if shear stress is in MPa. (3)
the cap solidly in place. Mount the barrel in the instrument.
Viscosity, poises5~shear stress/shear rate!3 6.895 3 10
NOTE 2—Air may be used instead of nitrogen.
if shear stress is in psi.
7.2 Weigh four empty paper cups for each sample to be
tested. Record tare weight of each cup to the nearest 0.1 g. Fill
9. Report
the barrel with the sample to be tested to within 13 mm ( ⁄2 in.)
9.1 The report shall include the following:
from the top of the barrel. Measure the sample temperature.
9.1.1 Complete sample identification,
7.3 Insert the top air cap and gasket into the air cap ring,
9.1.2 Test temperature as measured in,
screw it in place on top of the barrel, and connect the air supply
9.1.3 Conditioning time, and
quick-connector.
9.1.4 Extrusion viscosity, in pascal seconds (or poises);
7.4 Set the rheometer regulator gage (on the right side of the
shear rate, in reciprocal seconds; and shear stress, in pascals (or
instrument) to 0.069 MPa (10 psi) pressure. Open the three-
pounds-force per square inch), for each of the four pressures
way quick-acting valve to the OUT position and allow the mix
(0.069, 0.28, 0.48, and 0.69 MPa (or 10, 40, 70, and 100 psi)).
to extrude into an unweighed paper cup for 10 s. Adjust the
NOTE 4—If only one viscosity is to be reported, report the data obtained
gage pressure back to 0.069 MPa (10 psi).
at 100 psi together with the shear rate and shear stress, for example:
7.5 Quickly place a preweighed and labeled paper cup under
−1
“Viscosity at a shear stress of Z psi and a shear rate of Y s 5 X poises.”
the nozzle and at the same time start the timer. Collect the
The most information will be gained, however, by a plot of shear rate
extrudate until approximately 50 g of sample have entered the
versus shear stress and would typify a true flow curve. In all cases where
cup. Simultaneously remove the cup and stop the timer, again
only one value is to be reported, the test must be run at each pressure in
placing the unweighed cup under the nozzle. (Use a maximum
the order indicat
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