ASTM D3161-08a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Wind-Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)
Standard Test Method for Wind-Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Most asphalt shingles that have demonstrated wind resistance by this test have also performed well in use. Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test to simulate. The results of this test do not directly correlate to wind speeds experienced in service, and no accommodation is made in this test method for building height, building exposure category, or building importance factor.
Many factors influence the wind resistance of shingles in the field; for example, temperature, time, roof slope, contamination by dirt and debris, and fasteners that are misaligned or under-driven. It is beyond the scope of this test method to address all of these influences. This test method is designed to evaluate the wind resistance of asphalt shingles as described in the scope when representative samples are applied to test panels in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and conditioned as specified before testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for evaluating the wind resistance of asphalt shingles that results from the shingle’s rigidity (with or without contribution from sealant) or mechanical interlocking (with or without contribution from sealant) or any combination thereof. The shingles are applied to a test panel in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and tested at a 2:12 (17 %) slope, or at the lowest slope permitted by those instructions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D3161–08a
Standard Test Method for
1
Wind-Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4.1.2 Class D—Pass at a test velocity of 145 km/h (90
mph).
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for evaluating the
4.1.3 Class F—Pass at a test velocity of 177 km/h (110
wind resistance of asphalt shingles that results from the
mph).
shingle’s rigidity (with or without contribution from sealant) or
mechanical interlocking (with or without contribution from
5. Significance and Use
sealant) or any combination thereof. The shingles are applied
5.1 Most asphalt shingles that have demonstrated wind
to a test panel in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc-
resistance by this test have also performed well in use. Natural
tions and tested at a 2:12 (17 %) slope, or at the lowest slope
wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and
permitted by those instructions.
turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
to simulate. The results of this test do not directly correlate to
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
wind speeds experienced in service, and no accommodation is
only.
made in this test method for building height, building exposure
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
category, or building importance factor.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.2 Many factors influence the wind resistance of shingles
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
in the field; for example, temperature, time, roof slope,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
contamination by dirt and debris, and fasteners that are
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
misaligned or under-driven. It is beyond the scope of this test
2. Referenced Documents method to address all of these influences. This test method is
2
designed to evaluate the wind resistance of asphalt shingles as
2.1 ASTM Standards:
described in the scope when representative samples are applied
D 1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproof-
to test panels in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc-
ing
tions and conditioned as specified before testing.
3. Terminology
6. Apparatus
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
6.1 Test Machine, capable of delivering a horizontal stream
method, refer to Terminology D 1079.
of air through a rectangular opening 914 mm (36 in.) wide and
4. Classes of Shingles
305 mm (12 in.) high at a velocity not less than 97 km/h (60
mph). At a velocity of not less than 177 km/h (110 mph), it is
4.1 Shingles are of three classes:
permissible to add a duct section to the equipment to lower the
4.1.1 Class A—Pass at a test velocity of 97 km/h (60 mph).
height of the rectangular opening to 152 mm (6 in.). The test
velocity shall not vary more than 65 mph as measured at a
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
minimum of three evenly spaced locations across the orifice.
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on
The machine shall be equipped with an adjustable stand to
Prepared Roofings, Shingles and Siding Materials.
receive a test panel and be adapted to setting the test panel at
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originally
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D 3161 – 08. any desired slope, at any horizontal distance from the lower
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
edge of the duct opening, and at various angles incident to the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
wind direction.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
6.2 Timer, capable of reading to the nearest minute.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D3161–08a
6.3 Mechanical Circulation Conditioning Cell or Room, orifice; and with the panel rotated 30 and 60° from the head-on
having forced circulation of air capable of receiving a 1.27-m position, with the bottom corner of the third-course tab nearest
(50-in.) wide by 1.68-m (66-in.) long, or larger test panel o
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3161–08 Designation: D 3161 – 08a
Standard Test Method for
1
Wind-Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1This test method covers the procedure for testing the wind resistance of asphalt shingles when applied to a test deck on low
slopes in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions at the most susceptible slope for wind damage of 2:12 (17%) permitted
by those instructions. It is used to benchmark the blow-off resistance of sealed and interlocked shingles at a given wind velocity,
but may be used to test unsealed or sealed shingles at other wind velocities as is applicable.
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for evaluating the wind resistance of asphalt shingles that results from the shingle’s
rigidity (with or without contribution from sealant) or mechanical interlocking (with or without contribution from sealant) or any
combination thereof.The shingles are applied to a test panel in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and tested at a 2:12
(17 %) slope, or at the lowest slope permitted by those instructions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D 1079.
4. Type and Classes of Shingles
4.1Shingles are of two types: Classes of Shingles
4.1 Shingles are of three classes:
4.1.1 Type I—Shingles with a factory-applied adhesive (self-sealing shingles).
4.1.2Type II—Shingles of the lock type, with mechanically interlocking tabs or ears.
4.2Shingles are of three classes:
4.2.1Class A—Pass at a test velocity of 97 km/h (60 mph).
4.2.2
4.1.2 Class D—Pass at a test velocity of 145 km/h (90 mph).
4.2.3
4.1.3 Class F—Pass at a test velocity of 177 km/h (110 mph).
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Most asphalt shingles that have demonstrated wind resistance by this test have also performed well in use. Natural wind
conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test to simulate.
The results of this test do not directly correlate to wind speeds experienced in service, and no accommodation is made in this test
method for building height, building exposure category, or building importance factor.
5.2Many factors influence the sealing characteristics of shingles in the field; for example, temperature, time, roof slope,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on Prepared
Roofings, Shingles and Siding Materials.
Current edition approved Jan. 15,Feb. 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 20062008 as D 3161 – 068.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 3161 – 08a
contaminationbydirtanddebris,andfastenersthataremisalignedorunder-drivenandinterferewithsealing.Itisbeyondthescope
of this test method to address all of these influences. When testing shingles with sealant, this test method is designed to determine
the wind resistance when representative samples of shingles are sealed under defined conditions before testing.
5.2 Manyfactorsinfluencethewindresistanceofshinglesinthefield;forexample,temperature,time,roofslope,contamination
by dirt and
...
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