ASTM D5622-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Determination of Total Oxygen in Gasoline and Methanol Fuels by Reductive Pyrolysis
Standard Test Methods for Determination of Total Oxygen in Gasoline and Methanol Fuels by Reductive Pyrolysis
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods cover the determination of total oxygen in gasoline and methanol fuels, and they complement Test Method D4815, which covers the determination of several specific oxygen-containing compounds in gasoline.
4.2 The presence of oxygen-containing compounds in gasoline can promote more complete combustion, which reduces carbon monoxide emissions. The Clean Air Act (1992) requires that gasoline sold within certain, specified geographical areas contain a minimum percent of oxygen by mass (presently 2.7 mass %) during certain portions of the year. The requirement can be met by blending compounds such as methyl tertiary butyl ether, ethyl tertiary butyl ether, and ethanol into the gasoline. These test methods cover the quantitative determination of total oxygen which is the regulated parameter.
4.2.1 Only seven U.S. states have such wintertime requirements, and others with EPA approval have opted out of the program. The minimum oxygen limit now varies from 1.8 % to 3.5 % by mass. For methanol/heavier alcohol blend EPA waivers, the maximum oxygen content allowed is 3.5 % or 3.7 % by mass.
4.2.1.1 Only ethanol is used for such blending in the U.S. Ethers are banned by some states and are not used in all states because of water contamination issues.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the quantitative determination of total oxygen in gasoline and methanol fuels by reductive pyrolysis.
1.2 Precision data are provided for 1.0 % to 5.0 % oxygen by mass in gasoline and for 40 % to 50 % oxygen by mass in methanol fuels.
1.3 Several types of instruments can be satisfactory for these test methods. Instruments can differ in the way that the oxygen-containing species is detected and quantitated. However, these test methods are similar in that the fuel is pyrolyzed in a carbon-rich environment.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D5622 − 16
Standard Test Methods for
Determination of Total Oxygen in Gasoline and Methanol
1
Fuels by Reductive Pyrolysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5622; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D4815Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,
TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C to C Alco-
1 4
1.1 These test methods cover the quantitative determination
hols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
of total oxygen in gasoline and methanol fuels by reductive
2.2 Other Standards:
pyrolysis.
3
Clean Air Act (1992)
1.2 Precision data are provided for 1.0% to 5.0% oxygen
by mass in gasoline and for 40% to 50% oxygen by mass in 3. Summary of Test Method
methanol fuels.
3.1 Afuel specimen of 1µLto 10µLis injected by syringe
1.3 Several types of instruments can be satisfactory for into a 950°C to 1300°C high-temperature tube furnace that
containsmetallizedcarbon.Oxygen-containingcompoundsare
these test methods. Instruments can differ in the way that the
oxygen-containing species is detected and quantitated. pyrolyzed, and the oxygen is quantitatively converted into
carbon monoxide.
However, these test methods are similar in that the fuel is
pyrolyzed in a carbon-rich environment.
3.2 A carrier gas, such as nitrogen, helium, or a helium/
hydrogen mixture, sweeps the pyrolysis gases into any of four
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this downstream systems of reactors, scrubbers, separators, and
detectors for the determination of the carbon monoxide
standard.
content, hence of the oxygen in the original fuel sample. The
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
result is reported as mass % oxygen in the fuel.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 These test methods cover the determination of total
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
oxygen in gasoline and methanol fuels, and they complement
2. Referenced Documents TestMethodD4815,whichcoversthedeterminationofseveral
2
specific oxygen-containing compounds in gasoline.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1298Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API 4.2 Thepresenceofoxygen-containingcompoundsingaso-
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
line can promote more complete combustion, which reduces
ucts by Hydrometer Method carbonmonoxideemissions.TheCleanAirAct(1992)requires
D4052Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
that gasoline sold within certain, specified geographical areas
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter contain a minimum percent of oxygen by mass (presently 2.7
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
mass %) during certain portions of the year. The requirement
Petroleum Products can be met by blending compounds such as methyl tertiary
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
butyl ether, ethyl tertiary butyl ether, and ethanol into the
Petroleum Products gasoline. These test methods cover the quantitative determina-
tion of total oxygen which is the regulated parameter.
1 4.2.1 Only seven U.S. states have such wintertime
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of
requirements, and others with EPAapproval have opted out of
Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
the program. The minimum oxygen limit now varies from
Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Published June 2016. Originally
1.8% to 3.5 % by mass. For methanol/heavier alcohol blend
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5622–95 (2011).
EPA waivers, the maximum oxygen content allowed is 3.5%
DOI: 10.1520/D5622-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
or 3.7 % by mass.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3
the ASTM website. Federal Register, Vol 57, No. 24, Feb. 5, 1992, p. 4408.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5622 − 16
4.2.1.1 Only ethanol is used for such blending in the U.S. 5.3 For instruments that measure carbon monoxide onl
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5622 − 95 (Reapproved 2011) D5622 − 16
Standard Test Methods for
Determination of Total Oxygen in Gasoline and Methanol
1
Fuels by Reductive Pyrolysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5622; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the quantitative determination of total oxygen in gasoline and methanol fuels by reductive
pyrolysis.
1.2 Precision data are provided for 1.01.0 % to 5.0 mass % oxygen 5.0 % oxygen by mass in gasoline and for 4040 % to 50
mass % oxygen 50 % oxygen by mass in methanol fuels.
1.3 Several types of instruments can be satisfactory for these test methods. Instruments can differ in the way that the
oxygen-containing species is detected and quantitated. However, these test methods are similar in that the fuel is pyrolyzed in a
carbon-rich environment.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C to C Alcohols in
1 4
Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
2.2 Other Standards:
3
Clean Air Act (1992)
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A fuel specimen of 11 μL to 10 μL 10 μL is injected by syringe into a 950950 °C to 1300°C1300 °C high-temperature tube
furnace that contains metallized carbon. Oxygen-containing compounds are pyrolyzed, and the oxygen is quantitatively converted
into carbon monoxide.
3.2 A carrier gas, such as nitrogen, helium, or a helium/hydrogen mixture, sweeps the pyrolysis gases into any of four
downstream systems of reactors, scrubbers, separators, and detectors for the determination of the carbon monoxide content, hence
of the oxygen in the original fuel sample. The result is reported as mass % oxygen in the fuel.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 These test methods cover the determination of total oxygen in gasoline and methanol fuels, and they complement Test
Method D4815, which covers the determination of several specific oxygen-containing compounds in gasoline.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011June 1, 2016. Published August 2011June 2016. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 as
D5622–95(2005).D5622 – 95 (2011). DOI: 10.1520/D5622-95R11.10.1520/D5622-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Federal Register, Vol 57, No. 24, Feb. 5, 1992, p. 4408.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5622 − 16
4.2 The presence of oxygen-containing compounds in gasoline can promote more complete combustion, which reduces carbon
monoxide emissions. The Clean Air Act (1992) requires that gasoline sold within certain, specified geographical areas contain a
minimum percent of oxygen by mass (presently 2.7 mass %) during certain portions of the year. The requirement can be met by
blending compounds such as methyl tertiary butyl ether, ethyl tertiary butyl ether, and ethanol into the gasoline. These test methods
cover the quantitat
...
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