ASTM D7423-16a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5 Hydrocarbon Matrices by Gas Chromatography and Flame Ionization Detection
Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5 Hydrocarbon Matrices by Gas Chromatography and Flame Ionization Detection
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of oxygenates is important in the manufacture of ethene, propene, 1-3 butadiene, C4 hydrocarbons, and C5 hydrocarbons. Alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, and ketones are trace impurities in these hydrocarbons. Oxygenates decrease catalyst activity in downstream polymerization processes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the gas chromatographic procedure for the quantitative determination of organic oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5 matrices by multidimensional gas chromatography and flame ionization detection. This test method is applicable when the hydrocarbon matrices have a final boiling point not greater than 200 °C. Oxygenate compounds include, but are not limited to, those listed in Table 1. The linear working range for oxygenates is 0.50 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg.
1.2 This test method is intended to determine the mass concentration of each oxygenate in the hydrocarbon matrix. Oxygenate compound identification is determined by reference standards and column elution retention order.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D7423 − 16a
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5
Hydrocarbon Matrices by Gas Chromatography and Flame
1
Ionization Detection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7423; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
Fuels, and Lubricants
1.1 This test method covers the gas chromatographic pro-
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
cedureforthequantitativedeterminationoforganicoxygenates
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
in C2, C3, C4, and C5 matrices by multidimensional gas
Measurement System Performance
chromatography and flame ionization detection. This test
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
method is applicable when the hydrocarbon matrices have a
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
final boiling point not greater than 200 °C. Oxygenate com-
Lubricants
pounds include, but are not limited to, those listed in Table 1.
D6849 Practice for Storage and Use of Liquefied Petroleum
The linear working range for oxygenates is 0.50 mg⁄kg to
Gases (LPG) in Sample Cylinders for LPG Test Methods
100 mg⁄kg.
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
1.2 This test method is intended to determine the mass
ASTM Test Methods
concentration of each oxygenate in the hydrocarbon matrix.
E355 Practice for Gas ChromatographyTerms and Relation-
Oxygenate compound identification is determined by reference
ships
standards and column elution retention order.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 Additional terminology related to the practice of gas
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
chromatography can be found in Practice E355.
standard.
3.2 Definitions:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), n—a mixture of nor-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mally gaseous hydrocarbons, predominantly propane or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
butane, or both, that has been liquefied by compression or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
cooling, or both, to facilitate storage, transport, and handling.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D4175
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.2 oxygenate, n—an oxygen-containing ashless organic
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
compound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used as
D1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP) a fuel or fuel supplement. D4175
Gases, Manual Method
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
D1835 Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
3.3.1 Dean’s switching method—representative aliquot of
sampleisinjectedon-columnusingasamplevalve(orviaagas
1
chromatograph split inlet). The sample passes onto a nonpolar
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of column, which elutes the lighter hydrocarbons in boiling point
Subcommittee D02.D0.04 on C4 and C5 Hydrocarbons.
order to the analytical column and backflushes the heavier
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published January 2017. Originally
hydrocarbons to vent. The oxygenate compounds elute from
ɛ1
approved in 2009. Last pervious edition approved in 2016 as D7423 – 16 . DOI:
the analytical column and are detected via a flame ionization
10.1520/D7423-16A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
detector.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.3.2 Dean’s switching method direct inject—gas chromato-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. graphic valve configuration equipped with a valve connected
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7423 − 16a
TABLE 1 Oxygenates and Typical Retention Times
Components Retention Time (min)
Dimethyl ether 6.18
Diethyl ether 8.44
Acetaldehyde 8.89
Ethyl tert-butyl ether 10.66
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) 10.92
Diisopropyl ether 11.22
Propionaldehyde (Propanal) 12.00
Tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) 13.19
Propyl ether 14.00
Isobutylaldehyde 14.10
Butylaldehyde 14.50
Methanol 14.91
Acetone 15.39
Isovaleraldehyde 16.00
Valeraldehyd
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D7423 − 16 D7423 − 16a
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5
Hydrocarbon Matrices by Gas Chromatography and Flame
1
Ionization Detection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7423; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Table 3 was corrected editorially in June 2016.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the gas chromatographic procedure for the quantitative determination of organic oxygenates in C2,
C3, C4, and C5 matrices by multidimensional gas chromatography and flame ionization detection. This test method is applicable
when the hydrocarbon matrices have a final boiling point not greater than 200 °C. Oxygenate compounds include, but are not
limited to, those listed in Table 1. The linear working range for oxygenates is 0.50 mg ⁄kg to 100 mg ⁄kg.
1.2 This test method is intended to determine the mass concentration of each oxygenate in the hydrocarbon matrix. Oxygenate
compound identification is determined by reference standards and column elution retention order.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases, Manual Method
D1835 Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D6849 Practice for Storage and Use of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) in Sample Cylinders for LPG Test Methods
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships
3. Terminology
3.1 Additional terminology related to the practice of gas chromatography can be found in Practice E355.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), n—a mixture of normally gaseous hydrocarbons, predominantly propane or butane, or
both, that has been liquefied by compression or cooling, or both, to facilitate storage, transport, and handling. D4175
3.2.2 oxygenate, n—an oxygen-containing ashless organic compound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used as a fuel
or fuel supplement. D4175
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.D0.04 on C4 and C5 Hydrocarbons.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2016Dec. 1, 2016. Published March 2016January 2017. Originally approved in 2009. Last pervious edition approved in 20142016 as
ɛ1
D7423 – 09 (2014).D7423 – 16 . DOI: 10.1520/D7423-16E01.10.1520/D7423-16A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7423 − 16a
TABLE 1 Oxygenates and Typical Retention Times
Components Retention Time (min)
Dimethyl ether 6.18
Diethyl ether 8.44
Acetaldehyde 8.89
Ethyl tert-butyl ether 10.66
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) 10.92
Diisopropyl ether 11.22
Propionaldehyde (Propanal) 12.00
Tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) 13.19
Propyl ether 14.00
Isobutylaldehyde 14.10
Butylaldehyde 14.50
Methanol 14.91
Acetone 15.39
Isovaleraldehyde 16.00
Valeraldehyde 16.10
2-Butanone (MEK) 17.14
Ethanol 17.51
N-propyl alcohol and isopropanol 19.20 (co-elution)
Allyl Alcohol 20.00
Isobu
...
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