ASTM C584-81(2011)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: C584 − 81(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Method for
Specular Gloss of Glazed Ceramic Whitewares and Related
Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C584; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE 1—If a greater degree of distinction between bright glazed
1. Scope
surfaces is desired, the 20° geometry instrument will provide it.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of 60° specu-
lar gloss of glazed ceramic whitewares and related products.
5. Apparatus
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Instrumental Components—The apparatus shall consist
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of an incandescent light source and lens furnishing an incident
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
beam of rays of required aperture, means for locating the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
surface of the specimen, and a receptor located to receive the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
required pyramid of rays reflected from the specimen. The
receptor shall be a photosensitive device having maximum
2. Referenced Documents
response near the middle of the visible region of the specimen.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2 Geometric Conditions—The axis of the incident beam
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
shall be 60° from the perpendicular to the specimen surface.
The axis of the receptor beam shall be coincident with the
3. Terminology
mirror image of the axis of the incident beam. A flat piece of
3.1 Definitions:
polished black glass in the specimen position shall form an
3.1.1 specular gloss—the ratio of reflected to incident light,
image of the source in the center of the receptor window. The
times 1000, for specified apertures of illumination and recep-
length of the illuminated area of the specimen shall be equal to
tionwhentheaxisofreceptioncoincideswiththemirrorimage
notmorethanonethirdthedistancefromthecenterofthisarea
of the axis of illumination.
to the receptor field stop.The axis of the incident beam and the
axis of the receptor shall be within 0.1° of the nominal value
4. Significance and Use
indicated by the geometry. The dimensions and tolerances of
4.1 This test method provides a means of establishing
the source and receptor shall be as indicated in Table 1 (see
specular gloss limits for bright, semi-mat, and mat glazed
also Test Method D523). The angular dimensions of the
surfaces. It is realized that specular gloss measurements do not
receptor field stop are measured from the receptor lens in a
always correlate well with visual rankings of glossiness be-
collimated-beam type instrument, and from the test surface in
cause specular gloss is only one of several related appearance
a converging-beam type instrument. See Fig. 1 for a general-
attributes that produce the sensation of gloss. However, the
ized illustration of the dimensions. The tolerances are chosen
prescribedtestmethodisofsufficientaccuracyfortheintended
so that errors of no more than one gloss unit at any point on the
purpose.
scale will result from errors in the source and receptor
apertures.
5.3 Vignetting—There shall be no vignetting of rays that lie
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic within the field angles specified in 5.2.
Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5.4 Spectral Conditions—Results should not differ signifi-
C21.03 on Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns.
Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally cantly from those obtained with a source-filter photocell
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C584 – 81 (2006).
combination that is spectrally corrected to yield CIE luminous
DOI: 10.1520/C0584–81R11.
efficiency with CIE Source C. Since specular reflection is, in
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. DOI: 10.1520/C0584-81R06. For more complete data see Hammond III, H. K., and Nimeroff, I.,“ Measure-
See Illing, A. M., “Comparison of Instrument Measurement and Visual mentofSixty-DegreeSpecularGloss,” Journal of Research,Nat.BureauStandards,
Estimation of Specular Gloss of Glazed Ceramic Tile,” Materials Research & Vol 44, June 1950 ( RP 2105): also Hunter, R. S., “Gloss Evaluation of Materials,”
Standards, Vol 2, No. 2, Feb. 1962, p. 117. ASTM Bulletin, No. 186, December 1962.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C584 − 81 (2011)
TABLE 1 Angles and Relative Dimensions of Source Image and Receptors
In Plane of Measurement Perpendicular to Plane of Measurement
Relative Relative
θ, deg 2 tan θ/2 θ, deg 2 tan θ/2
Dimension Dimension
A
Source image tolerance ± 0.75 0.0131 0.171 3.0 0.0524 0.682
0.25 0.0044 0.057
60° receptor tolerance ± 4.4 0.0768 1.000 11.7 0.2049 2.668
0.1 0.0018 0.023 0.2 0.0035 0.046
A
Maximum; no minimum specification.
FIG. 1 Generalized Glossmeter Showing Apertures and Source Image Formation for a Collimated-Beam Type Instrument
general, spectrally nonselectiv
...