ASTM D4041/D4041M-05(2017)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Determining Spray Patterns of Mechanical Pump Dispensers
Standard Practice for Determining Spray Patterns of Mechanical Pump Dispensers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice can be used to compare spray patterns of different pump dispensers and of different products.
4.2 Spray patterns from pump dispensers will vary greatly with the design of the actuator and the nature of the liquid. Liquids with differing physical properties will not necessarily yield the same spray pattern when sprayed from the same actuator. Likewise, actuators of different designs will yield spray patterns distinct from each other when the same liquid is used.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of spray patterns from pump dispensers.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Oct-2017
- Technical Committee
- F02 - Primary Barrier Packaging
- Drafting Committee
- F02.30 - Mechanical Dispensers
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2017
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2010
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2004
- Effective Date
- 10-Apr-2002
- Effective Date
- 10-Apr-2002
Overview
ASTM D4041/D4041M-05(2017) is a globally recognized standard practice developed by ASTM International for the determination of spray patterns from mechanical pump dispensers. This standard provides a consistent methodology for comparing and assessing spray patterns produced by different mechanical pump dispensers and various liquid products. It addresses the inherent variability caused by actuator design and the physical characteristics of different liquids, thus ensuring reliable and reproducible results for manufacturers, quality control professionals, and regulatory bodies engaged in spray dispensing technology.
Key Topics
- Spray Pattern Determination: The standard covers procedures for capturing and interpreting spray patterns produced by mechanical pump dispensers using designated test apparatus.
- Equipment and Apparatus: Recommends the use of specific stands, target papers, dyes, and measuring rules to ensure accurate and repeatable results while detailing recommended conditions for consistency.
- Influences on Spray Patterns:
- Actuator design significantly affects the shape and distribution of the spray pattern.
- Liquid properties such as viscosity, density, and surface tension can drastically alter spray results, even when using the same actuator.
- Measurement Protocol: Establishes processes for measuring the major (X and Y) axes of the resultant spray pattern, including the handling of irregular, star-shaped, or voided patterns.
- Reporting Requirements: Specifies the points to be documented, including dispenser and product identification, operating conditions, spray pattern descriptions, and all measurement data.
Applications
The practice outlined in ASTM D4041/D4041M-05(2017) is widely applicable across industries involving mechanical pump dispensers, such as:
- Consumer products: Used for toiletries, cosmetics, household cleaners, and personal care items to assess the consistency and coverage of aerosol-free sprays.
- Pharmaceuticals and healthcare: Ensures precise dosage and uniform distribution for topical medicines and disinfectants dispensed via pump mechanism.
- Industrial and automotive: Benchmarks spray performance for lubricants, cleaning agents, and specialty fluids to meet safety and efficacy requirements.
- Quality assurance and product development: Provides reliable criteria for comparing prototype designs and batch-to-batch consistency during manufacturing.
- Regulatory compliance: Assists manufacturers in meeting international standardization requirements for product testing and labeling.
Related Standards
To support comprehensive evaluation and compatibility across the field of packaging and dispensing, ASTM D4041/D4041M references and aligns with several key standards, including:
- ASTM D996: Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments - Provides essential definitions for terms used in the context of packaging and distribution.
- World Trade Organization (WTO) TBT Principles: This standard was developed in line with WTO Technical Barriers to Trade Committee guidelines for international standardization, enhancing its global acceptance and utility.
Other relevant standards may include additional ASTM practices for mechanical dispensers, packaging, and liquid handling systems, which collectively contribute to the safety, efficiency, and performance evaluation of pump-based dispensing solutions.
Keywords: spray pattern determination, mechanical pump dispensers, ASTM D4041, spray pattern measurement, dispenser testing, spray coverage, liquid dispensing, product quality assurance, packaging standards.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D4041/D4041M-05(2017) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Practice for Determining Spray Patterns of Mechanical Pump Dispensers". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 This practice can be used to compare spray patterns of different pump dispensers and of different products. 4.2 Spray patterns from pump dispensers will vary greatly with the design of the actuator and the nature of the liquid. Liquids with differing physical properties will not necessarily yield the same spray pattern when sprayed from the same actuator. Likewise, actuators of different designs will yield spray patterns distinct from each other when the same liquid is used. SCOPE 1.1 This practice covers the determination of spray patterns from pump dispensers. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 This practice can be used to compare spray patterns of different pump dispensers and of different products. 4.2 Spray patterns from pump dispensers will vary greatly with the design of the actuator and the nature of the liquid. Liquids with differing physical properties will not necessarily yield the same spray pattern when sprayed from the same actuator. Likewise, actuators of different designs will yield spray patterns distinct from each other when the same liquid is used. SCOPE 1.1 This practice covers the determination of spray patterns from pump dispensers. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D4041/D4041M-05(2017) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 55.130 - Aerosol containers. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D4041/D4041M-05(2017) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D4041/D4041M-05(2010)e1, ASTM D996-10a, ASTM D996-04, ASTM D996-02, ASTM D996-99. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D4041/D4041M-05(2017) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4041/D4041M − 05 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Practice for
Determining Spray Patterns of Mechanical Pump
Dispensers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4041/D4041M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.2 Spray patterns from pump dispensers will vary greatly
with the design of the actuator and the nature of the liquid.
1.1 This practice covers the determination of spray patterns
Liquids with differing physical properties will not necessarily
from pump dispensers.
yield the same spray pattern when sprayed from the same
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
actuator. Likewise, actuators of different designs will yield
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
spray patterns distinct from each other when the same liquid is
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
used.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
5. Apparatus
with the standard.
5.1 TargetSupportStand, approximately 250 mm wide with
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the vertical component approximately 400 mm high. The stand
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
shall be attached securely at right angles to the horizontal
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
component. The component shall be approximately 700 mm
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
long and free of air turbulence, that will provide for stationary
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
positioning of the paper target. An optional paper target is
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
positioned along the length of the horizontal component to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
record fallout.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.2 Container Support Stand, that will position the pump
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
dispenser and container a specific distance and center them to
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
the target. (Alternatively, the pump dispenser and container
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
may be held firmly by hand on a flat, horizontal surface.)
2. Referenced Documents
5.3 Measuring Rule.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.4 Alcohol-Sensitive Paper, cut to the desired length and
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
width.
ments
5.5 Plain White Paper, cut to the desired length and width.
3. Terminology
5.6 Dyes of Oil Base for Petroleum-Based Products or
3.1 See Terminology D996 for applicable definitions. Water Base for Water-Based Products—These dyes, when
dissolved in the liquid, shall be in sufficient concentrate to give
4. Significance and Use
a strong color when sprayed onto the target paper.
4.1 This practice can be used to compare spray patterns of
NOTE 1—Dyes must be compatible and completely soluble in the test
different pump dispensers and of different products.
liquid. The dyed liquid shall be filtered prior to use to remove any solid
particles.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on Primary
6. Sampling
Barrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.30 on
Mechanical Dispensers.
6.1 Select an appropriate number of dry, unused dispensers
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originally
at random for the precision and bias desired.
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4041/
ɛ1
D4041M – 05(2010) . DOI: 10.1520/D4041_D4041M-05R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 7. Conditioning
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.1 If possible, condition the test specimens at 23 6 3°C [73
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
theASTM website. 6 5.4°F] for not less than 4 h. If the test specimens are not
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4041/D4041M − 05 (2017)
conditioned at the recommended temperature, this should be round, so the aspect ratio of the X-axis by the Y-axis will be
noted in the test report discussed in 10.1. helpful in documenting non-round shapes. An average value
for the two measurements may also be reported.
7.2 Test pumps should be tested no sooner than 24 h after
assembly when possible. If the pumps are not conditioned at
9.2 If a void is found on the perimeter of the spray pattern,
the recommended time, this should be noted in the test report
and this void affects the true measurement of the diameter,
discussed in 10.1.
estimate the project of the spray pattern’s arc through the
measuremen
...
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