ASTM D2698-05(2022)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of the Pigment Content of Solvent-Reducible Paints by High-Speed Centrifuging
Standard Test Method for Determination of the Pigment Content of Solvent-Reducible Paints by High-Speed Centrifuging
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method describes a rapid method for separating pigment from solvent-reducible paints.
3.2 This test method is used by paint producers and consumers for product acceptance and process control.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the separation of pigment from solvent-reducible paints and the calculation of the percent pigment from the results of nonvolatile determinations on the total paint and the separated vehicle.
Note 1: This test method has been proven to be applicable to most solvent-reducible paints, the exception being those paints containing severely bleeding pigments or pigments such as carbon black that are very difficult or impossible to centrifuge.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Nov-2022
- Technical Committee
- D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
- Drafting Committee
- D01.21 - Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2010
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2007
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2004
- Effective Date
- 10-Jan-2003
- Effective Date
- 10-Jan-2001
- Effective Date
- 10-Jan-2001
- Effective Date
- 10-Jan-2001
Overview
ASTM D2698-05(2022) is a standard test method established by ASTM International designed for the determination of the pigment content in solvent-reducible paints using high-speed centrifuging techniques. This rapid methodology allows for efficient separation of pigment from the paint vehicle, enabling precise calculation of the pigment percentage based on nonvolatile content measurements. Widely adopted by both paint manufacturers and consumers, the standard ensures consistent product quality, facilitates product acceptance, and strengthens process control in paint production.
Key Topics
- Sample Preparation: The standard requires thorough mixing of the paint to break up caked pigments and ensure a homogeneous sample before testing.
- High-Speed Centrifuging: A laboratory centrifuge capable of achieving 32,000 g or higher is used to separate pigments efficiently from the solvent-reducible paint matrix.
- Nonvolatile Content Determination: Both the original paint and the separated vehicle are analyzed for nonvolatile content, a critical step in calculating pigment concentration.
- Calculation Methodology: The percentage pigment is determined by subtracting the nonvolatile content of the vehicle from that of the original paint and applying a specific formula provided by the standard.
- Recovery for Further Analysis: The separated pigment can be further isolated and washed for advanced analysis, such as purity or chemical composition assessment, if required.
- Applicability and Limitations: This method is suitable for most solvent-reducible paints but may not be effective for paints with severely bleeding pigments or those with pigments like carbon black that resist centrifugation.
- Precision and Reproducibility: The standard outlines acceptable repeatability and reproducibility thresholds to ensure reliability of results, particularly when using air-drying materials.
Applications
ASTM D2698-05(2022) provides practical value across various applications:
- Quality Control: Paint manufacturers use this standard to monitor and control pigment content during production, ensuring consistency across batches.
- Product Acceptance: Paint consumers and specifiers may use the method for verifying compliance with required pigment content specifications before accepting a paint product.
- Process Optimization: Enables manufacturers to fine-tune paint formulations by quantifying pigment loading, ultimately enhancing product performance and cost-effectiveness.
- Research and Development: Supports R&D efforts involving new pigment or paint vehicle formulations where precise pigment quantification is essential.
- Regulatory Compliance: Assists in meeting local, national, or international requirements for paint composition, especially regarding pigment concentration and content transparency.
Related Standards
- ASTM D2369 - Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings: Referenced within ASTM D2698 for determination of nonvolatile content.
- ASTM Standards from Committee D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications: Comprehensive set of standards relevant for chemical analysis and performance testing of paints and coatings.
- International Standards Principles: Developed in alignment with the World Trade Organization (WTO) TBT Committee’s principles, ensuring global applicability and regulatory acceptance.
Utilizing ASTM D2698-05(2022) supports reliable pigment quantification in solvent-reducible paints, improves batch-to-batch consistency, and underpins quality and regulatory compliance in both industrial and commercial paint applications. This standard is essential for organizations aiming for precision, product integrity, and international trade readiness in the paint sector.
Keywords: ASTM D2698-05, pigment content determination, solvent-reducible paints, high-speed centrifuging, paint quality control, nonvolatile content, paint manufacturing standards.
Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D2698-05(2022) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Determination of the Pigment Content of Solvent-Reducible Paints by High-Speed Centrifuging". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 This test method describes a rapid method for separating pigment from solvent-reducible paints. 3.2 This test method is used by paint producers and consumers for product acceptance and process control. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the separation of pigment from solvent-reducible paints and the calculation of the percent pigment from the results of nonvolatile determinations on the total paint and the separated vehicle. Note 1: This test method has been proven to be applicable to most solvent-reducible paints, the exception being those paints containing severely bleeding pigments or pigments such as carbon black that are very difficult or impossible to centrifuge. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 This test method describes a rapid method for separating pigment from solvent-reducible paints. 3.2 This test method is used by paint producers and consumers for product acceptance and process control. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the separation of pigment from solvent-reducible paints and the calculation of the percent pigment from the results of nonvolatile determinations on the total paint and the separated vehicle. Note 1: This test method has been proven to be applicable to most solvent-reducible paints, the exception being those paints containing severely bleeding pigments or pigments such as carbon black that are very difficult or impossible to centrifuge. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D2698-05(2022) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 87.060.10 - Pigments and extenders. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D2698-05(2022) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D2369-24, ASTM D2369-10(2015)e1, ASTM D2369-10e1, ASTM D2369-10, ASTM D2369-07, ASTM D2369-04, ASTM D2369-03, ASTM D2369-01, ASTM D2369-98, ASTM D2369-01e1. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D2698-05(2022) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2698 − 05 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Pigment Content of Solvent-Reducible
Paints by High-Speed Centrifuging
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2698; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.2 This test method is used by paint producers and con-
sumers for product acceptance and process control.
1.1 This test method covers the separation of pigment from
solvent-reducible paints and the calculation of the percent
4. Apparatus
pigment from the results of nonvolatile determinations on the
4.1 Laboratory Centrifuge, capable of developing 32 000 g
total paint and the separated vehicle.
or higher.
NOTE 1—This test method has been proven to be applicable to most
solvent-reducible paints, the exception being those paints containing
5. Procedure
severelybleedingpigmentsorpigmentssuchascarbonblackthatarevery
difficult or impossible to centrifuge.
5.1 Shake the sample for 10 min on a mechanical shaker,
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as stirwithapaddletoloosenanycakedpigment,andshakeagain
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this for10min.Ifnecessary,repeatuntiltherearenolumpspresent
standard. and the sample is thoroughly mixed.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.2 Add the mixed paint to the centrifuge container until
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sufficient paint is added to permit the recovery of 25 mL
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
minimum of clear vehicle. Revolve the bowl at 32 000 g or
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
higher for 15 min or until a clear vehicle is obtained.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.3 Transfer the vehicle carefully, so as not to dislodge any
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
of the pigment from the walls, into a jar that is immediately
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
capped to prevent any solvent losses by evaporation. Use this
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
vehicle for the determination of the nonvolatile content of the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
separated vehicle.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6. Percent Paint and Vehicle Solids
6.1 Determine the percent nonvolatile content of the origi-
2. Referenced Documents
2 nal paint and the separated vehicle in accordance with Test
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Method D2369.
D2369Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
7. Calculation
3. Significance and Use
7.1 Calculate the weight percent pigment of paint, P,as
3.1 Thistestmethoddescribesarapidmethodforseparating
follows:
pigment from solvent-reducible paints.
P 5 A 2 B 3100/100 2 B (1)
~ !
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials. A supercentrifuge or a centrifuge equipped with a high-speed head have been
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally found satisfactory for this purpose.Any centrifuge capable of developing 32 000 g
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D2698–05 (2015). and having facilities for sealing the specimen to prevent solvent loss should also
DOI: 10.1520/D2698-05R22. prove to be
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.
Loading comments...