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ASTM C181-91(1997)e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and High-Alumina Plastic Refractories

Standard Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and High-Alumina Plastic Refractories

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the workability index of fireclay and high-alumina plastic refractories by measuring the plastic deformation of a molded test specimen when subjected to impacts.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Feb-1997
ICS
81.080 - Refractories
Technical Committee
C08 - Refractories
Drafting Committee
C08.09 - Monolithics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C181-03 - Standard Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and High-Alumina Plastic Refractories
Effective Date
01-Nov-2003
Referred By
ASTM C673-97(2022) - Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Plastic Refractories and Ramming Mixes
Effective Date
10-Feb-1997
Referred By
ASTM C1054-18 - Standard Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
Effective Date
10-Feb-1997
Referred By
ASTM C179-14(2019) - Standard Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
Effective Date
10-Feb-1997
Referred By
ASTM C71-12(2018) - Standard Terminology Relating to Refractories
Effective Date
10-Feb-1997

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ASTM C181-91(1997)e1 - Standard Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and High-Alumina Plastic RefractoriesASTM C181-91(1997)e1 - Standard Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and High-Alumina Plastic Refractories
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ASTM C181-91(1997)e1 - Standard Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and High-Alumina Plastic Refractories
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: C 181 – 91 (Reapproved 1997)
Standard Test Method for
Workability Index of Fireclay and High-Alumina Plastic
Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 181; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Section 9 was added editorially in October 1997.
1. Scope 4. Apparatus
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the work- 4.1 Rammer—The apparatus shall consist of the device
ability index of fireclay and high-alumina plastic refractories known as the rammer for refractories (see Fig. 1). It shall
by measuring the plastic deformation of a molded test speci- consist essentially of a steel cylindrical mold 2.00 in. (50.8
men when subjected to impacts. mm) in inside diameter and 4.75 in. (120.6 mm) in length,
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the supported in a vertical position on the same axis as a shaft to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the which shall be fastened a plunger that fits inside the mold.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- A 14-lb (6.4-kg) cylindrical weight slides on the same shaft
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- and is arranged to fall a distance of 2 in. (51 mm) before
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. engaging a collar fastened to the shaft. As shown in Fig. 1, the
weight may be raised by a manually rotated cam. Provision
2. Referenced Documents
shall be made to support the weight, thereby removing the load
2.1 ASTM Standards:
from the vertical shaft by the installation of two hooks (having
C 64 Specification for Fireclay Brick Refractories for a 10-32 screw thread) in the top side of the weight in a position
Heavy Duty Stationary Boiler Service
that enables them to engage with pins (having an 8-32 screw
D 2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for thread) placed on each side of the upper portion of the
Textiles
framework, as shown in Fig. 1 and in detail in Fig. 2. A steel
rule, one edge graduated in 0.02-in. (0.5-mm) increments,
3. Significance and Use
shall be attached (Note 1) to the rammer so that the position of
3.1 Workability index serves as a measure of the facility
the end of the vertical shaft can be read. The portion of the rule
with which plastic refractory materials can be rammed,
to be used shall be adjusted so that when the vertical shaft is in
gunned, or vibrated into place.
the lowest position, its machined end is in alignment with the
3.2 Workability index is commonly used to control consis-
tency of plastics during manufacture. It has also been found
The rammer for refractories, Model 315-R, is available from the George
useful for specification acceptance by the consumer.
Fischer Foundry Systems, Inc., 407 Hadley St., P.O. Box 40, Holly, MI 48442.
3.3 The workability index determination can provide infor-
Accessory parts required for conduct of this test and calibration of the rammer
mation for developing a plastic body. When a sample splits
include:
under impact at various water contents, it is an indication that
Test Equipment Part Number
Specimen tube 315-9
the material is “short” or lacking in plasticity.
Cup pedestal 315-11
3.4 Determinations on samples that split during impact will
1.000 in. cup pedestal spacer block 315R-8
be difficult to reproduce. If the sample splits, the measurement
Stripping post 315-14
Specimen tube conditioner 315-30
is not a true indication of deformation. This should be noted in
Replacement swab for 315-30 315-02006
the report.
Liquid parting pattern spray 315-02007
Calibration Equipment Part Number
Rammer foundation tester (includes impact rings, 307
micrometer, and test anvil)
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-8 on
Replacement impact rings 307-3A
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolithic
Master precision specimen tube 315-18
Refractories.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 1991. Published February 1992. Originally
1 5
published as C 181 – 43 T. Last previous edition C 181 – 82 (1987)e . A suitable rule is the Lufkin Rule Co. Rule No. 2103-R, which is 6 in. (152
Discontinued, see 1984 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01. mm) in length and must be cut off at each end so that the desired portion of the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. graduations aligns with the shaft.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C 181
provides a rule of sufficient length for measuring the maximum
distance obtainable between the ends of the mold (Note 2).
NOTE 1—One method of mounting the rule is to install in a vertical
3 1
position a ⁄8-in. (9.5-mm) square rod, 4 ⁄8 in. (105 mm) in length, in that
part of the framework which constitutes the top bearing for the shaft. One
end of the rod is reduced to a ⁄4-in. (6.4-mm) round section for a length
3 1
of ⁄8 in., and this is threaded for a ⁄4-20 screw. A tapped hole, to receive
the threaded rod, is made in the framework and on the center line (from
front to back) of the apparatus. When tightening the rod in place, one face
must be in a position so that the rule can be sweat-soldered to it as shown
in Fig. 2.
NOTE 2—The apparatus as described in this section is capable of
measuring workabilities up to about 32 %. For products of higher
workability a suitable spacer block may be installed under the specimen.
4.1.1 Mounting for Rammer—The rammer shall be
mounted on a 27-in. (686-mm) high concrete column, having a
base measuring at least 8 by 11 in. (200 by 279 mm). Four
⁄4-in. (6.4-mm) bolts, at least 3 in. (76 mm) in length, shall be
cast in the top of the column and shall be grouted with a
suitable mortar. Variable results are obtained from the test
unless the described mounting or an acceptable alternative
mounting is used for the rammer.
4.1.2 Maintenance and Calibration—As needed, depending
on use, clean all moving parts and lubricate with SAE 10 oil.
Make periodic checks of the height that the weight drops to
insure the weight is being raised 2 in. (51 mm). Inspect the
rammer to determine whether it and the foundation are
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Workability-Index Test
producing full ramming energy. This is accomplished by using
calibrated impact rings.
NOTE 3—Variation in the smoothness and dimensions of the specimen
tube may cause variation in workability values. For referee testing the
specimen tub
...

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the true specific gravity of solid materials, and is particularly useful for materials that easily hydrate which are not suitable for test with Test Method C135. This test method may be used as an alternate for Test Methods C135, C128, and C188 for determining true specific gravity.  
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