ASTM B699-86(2021)e1

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: B699 −86 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Specification for
Coatings of Cadmium Vacuum-Deposited on Iron and Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B699; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made to Note 5 and S1.1 in June 2021.
1. Scope B183Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel for
Electroplating
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for a cad-
B201Practice for Testing Chromate Coatings on Zinc and
miumcoatingvacuum-depositedonironandsteelbasismetals.
Cadmium Surfaces
The coating is especially beneficial to those ferrous metals,
B242Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Elec-
heattreatedto46HRCandhigherorhavinganultimatetensile
troplating
strength greater than 1500 MPa, wherein protection against
B254Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating on
corrosion and appearance are important (see Appendix X1).
Stainless Steel
1.2 Vacuum-depositedproductionitemsarenormallyfreeof
B320Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for Electro-
hydrogen embrittlement, a danger when using electroplating
plating
processes for deposition. Vacuum deposition can handle large
B322Guide for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating
high-strength parts that cannot be conveniently mechanically
B440Specification for Cadmium
plated in the rotating barrels.
B487Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide
1.3 Thecoatingisprovidedinvariousthicknessesuptoand
Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of
including 12 µm (3.1) either in the as-deposited condition or
Cross Section
with a supplementary finish (3.2).
B499Test Method for Measurement of CoatingThicknesses
by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on
1.4 Thefollowingprecautionarycaveatpertainsonlytothe
Magnetic Basis Metals
test methods portion, Section 9, of this specification: This
B504Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Metal-
standarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyproblems,
lic Coatings by the Coulometric Method
ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuser
B567Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
by the Beta Backscatter Method
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
B568Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- by X-Ray Spectrometry
B571Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of Metallic
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Coatings
B602Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Inorganic Coatings
B697Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspection
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
of Electrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
2. Referenced Documents
E396Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Cadmium
2.1 ASTM Standards: F519Test Method for Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement
B117Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus Evaluation of Plating/Coating Processes and Service En-
vironments
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on
Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3. Classification
B08.06 on Soft Metals.
Current edition approved April 1, 2021. Published May 2021. Originally 3.1 Classes—Vacuum-deposited cadmium coatings shall be
approvedin1981.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2015asB699–86(2015).DOI:
classified on the basis of thickness, as follows:
10.1520/B0699-86R21E01.
2 Class Minimum Thickness, µm
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
12 12
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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B699 − 86 (2021)
NOTE 2—Parts may be cleaned by blasting with 120-mesh aluminum
3.2 Types—Vacuum-deposited cadmium coatings shall be
oxide or 100-mesh garnet grit with a nozzle pressure of 410 to 620 kPa to
identified by types on the basis of supplementary treatment
remove scale, oxides, or other contamination. Blasted surfaces should not
required, as follows:
be rougher than the specified finish for the part. When necessary to
3.2.1 Type I—As-vacuum-deposited without supplementary
achieve the proper surface roughness, finer grit may be used, but
chromate treatment (see Appendix X1).
aluminum oxide coarser than 120-mesh or garnet grit coarser than
100-mesh should not be used. Following air blasting, stainless steel parts
3.2.2 Type II—With supplementary chromate treatment (see
should be passivated.
Appendix X2).
5.4 DepositionProcess—Cadmiumvacuumdepositionshall
NOTE1—ItisstronglyrecommendedthatTypeIIshouldbeusedrather
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be conducted in a vacuum of 1.33×10 to 3.3 Pa with an
than Type I on production items.
evaporation rate of 0.8 to 1.7 mg/s.
4. Ordering Information
5.5 Substrate—Unless otherwise specified, cadmium shall
be deposited directly on the basis metal without a preliminary
4.1 To make the application of this specification complete,
undercoating of another metal. A preliminary undercoating of
the purchaser needs to supply the following information to the
nickel is permissible with parts made of stainless steel.
supplier in the purchase order or other governing document:
4.1.1 The designation number and year of issue of this
5.6 Chromate Treatment (Type II):
document.
5.6.1 Chromate treatment for Type II shall be done in or
4.1.2 Class and type (3.1 and 3.2),
with special aqueous acid solutions composed of hexavalent
4.1.3 Hardness or tensile strength of the steel parts (5.2), chromium along with certain anions that act as a catalyst or
4.1.4 Heat treatment for stress relief, whether it has been
film forming compound to produce a continuous, smooth,
performed or is required, protective film.
4.1.5 Undercoating, if required (5.5),
5.6.2 TheTypeIIfilmshallrangeincolorfromaniridescent
4.1.6 Test of coating composition, if required (6.1), yellow or a thicker more protective iridescent bronze or brown
4.1.7 Significant surfaces (6.2.2),
to the heavier olive drab. It may be dyed to a desired color.
4.1.8 Luster (6.6), When necessary, a desired color shall be indicated by the
4.1.9 Sampling, if other than specified (Section 7),
purchaser and specified by the provision of a suitable colored
4.1.10 Certification (11.1), and sample or indicated on the drawing for the part.
4.1.11 Supplementary requirements, if applicable. 5.6.3 Waxes,lacquers,orotherorganiccoatingsshallnotbe
permitted as a substitute, nor shall they be used in conjunction
5. Materials and Manufacture withTypeIIcoatings,inordertoensuretheconformancetothe
saltsprayorabrasionresistancetestrequirements.Waxes,etc.,
5.1 Nature of Finish—The cadmium metal for the produc-
may be used to improve lubricity.
tion of the coating and the resultant coating shall conform to
the composition requirements of Specification B440 and shall
6. Coating Requirements
contain not less than 99.95 mass% cadmium.
6.1 Coating Composition—When specified, the chemical
5.2 Stress Relief—Steel parts that have an ultimate tensile
composition of the coating shall be determined (see X1.3).
strengthof1000MPaandaboveandthathavebeenmachined,
ground, cold-formed, or cold-straightened shall be heat-treated 6.2 Thickness:
at a minimum of 190°C for3hor more for stress relief before 6.2.1 The thickness of the coating everywhere on the
cleaning and coating. significant surfaces shall be at least that of the specified class
as defined in 3.1.
5.3 Cleaning of Basis Metal—Proper preparatory proce-
6.2.2 Significant surfaces defined as those normally visible
dures and thorough cleaning of the basis metal are essential to
(directly or by reflection) are essential to the appearance or
ensure satisfactory adhesion and corrosion resistance perfor-
serviceabilityofthearticlewhenassembledinnormalposition;
mance of the coating. The basis metal shall not be exposed to
or can be the source of corrosion products that deface visible
treatments such as cathodic cleaning, and acid treatments
surfaces on the assembled article. When necessary, the signifi-
involvingreleaseofhydrogenonthesurfaceofparts;norshall
cant surfaces shall be indicated by the purchaser on the
materials be used for cleaning that will have damaging effects
applicable drawing of the article, or by the provision of
on the metal, such as pits, intergranular attack, and hydrogen
suitably marked samples.
embrittlement. If necessary, cleaning materials for surface
6.2.3 On nonsignificant visible surfaces, the minimum al-
preparation should be evaluated in accordance with Method
lowable thickness for Class 12 shall be Class 8 (8 µm), for
F519.The basis metal shall be abrasive dry-blasted, using new
Class 8 it shall be Class 5 (5 µm), and for Class 5 it shall be 4
materials or materials that have not been used on other metals.
µm.
All loose particles shall be removed by air blasting the parts
thoroughly, using clean dry oil-free compressed air. Following 6.3 Adhesion—The cadmium coating shall be sufficiently
air blasting, the basis metal may be outgassed by subjecting it adherent to the basis metal to pass the tests in 9.3. When
to an electron bombardment with high-energy positive ions in examined at a magnification of approximately 4 diameters, the
a glow discharge unit. The following practices, where appro- coating shall not show separation from the basis metal. The
priate for precleaning to remove oil, grease, and other foreign formation of cracks in the coating caused by rupture of the
materialsshouldbeused:B183,B242,B254,B320,andB322. basismetalthatdoesnotresultinflaking,peeling,orblistering
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B699 − 86 (2021)
of the cadmium coating shall not be considered as nonconfor- articlesinthesampleshallbeinspectedforconformancetothe
mance to this requirement. requirementsofthisspecification,andthelotshallbeclassified
as conforming or nonconforming to each requirement in
6.4 AbrasionResistance—Thesupplementarychromatefilm
accordance with the criteria of the sampling plans in Test
(Type II) on the cadmium coating shall be adherent, non-
Method B602.
powdery, and shall resist abrasion when tested as detailed in
9.4.
NOTE5—TestMethodB602containsthreesamplingplansthataretobe
used with nondestructive test methods and a fourth to be used with
6.5 Corrosion Resistance—Cadmium coatings with Type II
destructive.Thethreemethodsfornondestructivetestsdifferinthequality
treatment shall show neither white corrosion products of
leveltheyrequireoftheproduct.TestMethodB602requirestheuseofthe
cadmium nor basis metal corrosion products at the end of 96 h
plan with the intermediate quality level unless the purchaser specifies
otherwise. The purchaser should compare the plans with their needs and
testperiod,whentestedbycontinuousexposuretosaltsprayin
state which plan is to be used. If the plans in Method B602 do not serve
accordance with 9.5. The appearance of corrosion products
the needs, additional ones are given in Guide B697.
visible to the unaided eye at normal reading distance shall be
7.3 Specimens—If separate test specimens are to be used to
cause for rejection, except that white corrosion products at the
represent the coated articles in a test, the specimens shall be of
edges of specimens shall not constitute failure.
thenature,size,andnumber,andshallbeprocessedasrequired
NOTE 3—The hours given are the minimum required to guarantee
in 8.1, 8.2, and 8.3.
satisfactory performance. Longer periods before the appearance of the
white corrosion products, even on the as-coated Type I, and rust are
NOTE 6—When both destructive and nondestructive tests exist for the
possible. Salt spray resistance does not vary in exact proportion with
measurement of a characteristic, the purchaser needs to state which is to
increased plating thickness of Type II coatings.Although hours to failure
be used so that the proper sampling plan is selected. Also a test may
(red rust) for Type I coatings are not specified, the hours given for Type
destroy the coating, but in a noncritical area; or if it destroys the coating,
II reflect the added protection of the chromate treatments without
it may be the tested article can be reclaimed by stripping and recoating.
requiring impractical testing periods.
The purchaser needs to state whether the test is to be considered
destructive or nondestructive.
6.6 Luster—Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, a
semi-satin or a light matte luster shall be acceptable.
8. Specimen Preparation
6.7 Workmanship and Finish:
8.1 Vacuum-Coated Parts or Separate Specimens—When
6.7.1 The coating shall be smooth, adherent, uniform in
the vacuum-coated parts are of such form, shape, size, and
appearance, and substantially free of blisters, pits, nodules,
value as to prohibit their use, or are not readily adaptable to a
flaking, and other defects that may affect the function of the
test, or when destructive tests of small lot sizes are required,
coating. The coating shall cover all surfaces as stated in 6.2,
the test shall be made by the use of separate specimens coated
including thread roots, thread peaks, corners, recesses, and
concurrently with the articles represented. The separate speci-
edges. The coating shall show no indication of contamination
mens shall be of a basis metal equivalent to that of the article
or improper operation of equipment used to produce the
represented.These separate specimens shall be introduced into
deposit, such as excessively powdery or darkened coatings.
a lot at regular intervals before the cleaning operations,
Superficial staining, which results from rinsing or drying, and
preliminary to vacuum coating, and shall not be separated
variations in color or luster shall not be cause for rejection.
therefrom until after completion of the coating. Conditions
6.7.2 Defects and variations in appearance in the coating
affecting the vacuum coating of specimens, including the
that arise from surface conditions of the substrate (scratches,
spacing, coating media, temperature, pressure, etc
...