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ASTM E1419-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Examination of Seamless, Gas- Filled, Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission

Standard Test Method for Examination of Seamless, Gas- Filled, Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission

SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides guidelines for acoustic emission (AE) examinations of seamless pressure vessels (tubes) of the type used for distribution or storage of industrial gases.
1.2 This test method requires pressurization to a level greater than normal use. Pressurization medium may be gas or liquid.
1.3 This test method does not apply to vessels in cryogenic service.
1.4 The AE measurements are used to detect and locate emission sources. Other nondestructive test (NDT) methods must be used to evaluate the significance of AE sources. Procedures for other NDT techniques are beyond the scope of this test method. See Note 1.
Note 1—Shear wave, angle beam ultrasonic inspection is commonly used to establish circumferential position and dimensions of flaws that produce AE.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jan-2002
ICS
23.020.30 - Pressure vessels, gas cylinders
Technical Committee
E07 - Nondestructive Testing
Drafting Committee
E07.04 - Acoustic Emission Method
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E1419-02a - Standard Test Method for Examination of Seamless, Gas- Filled, Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission
Effective Date
10-Jul-2002

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ASTM E1419-02 - Standard Test Method for Examination of Seamless, Gas- Filled, Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic EmissionASTM E1419-02 - Standard Test Method for Examination of Seamless, Gas- Filled, Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission
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ASTM E1419-02 - Standard Test Method for Examination of Seamless, Gas- Filled, Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission
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Standards Content (Sample)

An American National Standard
Designation: E 1419 – 02
Standard Test Method for
Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled, Pressure Vessels
1
Using Acoustic Emission
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1419; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope tic Emission Sensor Response
3
E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
1.1 This test method provides guidelines for acoustic emis-
4
2.2 ASNT Standards:
sion (AE) examinations of seamless pressure vessels (tubes) of
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive
the type used for distribution or storage of industrial gases.
Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
1.2 This test method requires pressurization to a level
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certi-
greater than normal use. Pressurization medium may be gas or
fication of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
liquid.
2.3 Code of Federal Regulations:
1.3 This test method does not apply to vessels in cryogenic
Section 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Hazardous Mate-
service.
rials Regulations of the Department of Transportation,
1.4 The AE measurements are used to detect and locate
5
Paragraphs 173.34, 173.301, 178.36, 178.37, and 178.45
emission sources. Other nondestructive test (NDT) methods
2.5 Compressed Gas Association Standard:
must be used to evaluate the significance of AE sources.
Pamphlet C-5 Service Life, Seamless High Pressure Cylin-
Procedures for other NDT techniques are beyond the scope of
6
ders
this test method. See Note 1.
NOTE 1—Shear wave, angle beam ultrasonic inspection is commonly 3. Terminology
used to establish circumferential position and dimensions of flaws that
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology E 1316 for general ter-
produce AE.
minology applicable to this test method.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
3.2.1 fracture critical flaw—a flaw that is large enough to
information only.
exhibit unstable growth at service conditions.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 marked service pressure—pressure for which a vessel
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
is rated. Normally this value is stamped on the vessel.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.3 normal fill pressure—level to which a vessel is pres-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
surized. This may be greater, or may be less, than marked
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
service pressure.
tionary statements are given in Section 7.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 The AE sensors are mounted on a vessel, and emission
2.1 ASTM Standards:
is monitored while the vessel is pressurized above normal fill
A 388/A 388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of
pressure.
2
Heavy Steel Forgings
4.2 Sensors are mounted at each end of the vessel and are
E 543 Practice for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
connected to an acoustic emission signal processor. The signal
3
Testing
processor uses measured times of arrival of emission bursts to
E 650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission
determine linear location of emission sources. If measured
3
Sensors
emission exceeds a prescribed level (that is, specific locations
E 976 Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acous-
produce enough events), then such locations receive secondary
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on
4
Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate
Acoustic Emission Method. Plaza, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.
5
Current edition approved January 10, 2002. Published March 2002. Originally Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
published as E 1419 – 91. Last previous edition E 1419 – 00. Office, Washington, DC 20402.
2 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05. Available from Compressed Gas Association, Inc., 1235 Jefferson Davis
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03. Highway, Arlington, VA 22202.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E 1419
(for example, ultrasonic) examination. 5.4 Excess background noise may distort AE data or render
4.3 Secondary examination establishes presence of flaws them useless. Users must be aware of the following common
and measures flaw dimensions. sources of background noise: high gas-fill rate (measurable
4.4 If flaw depth exceeds a pr
...

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4.1 The goal of the NDT is to detect defects that have been implicated in the failure of the COPV metal liner, or have led to leakage, loss of contents, injury, death, or mission, or a combination thereof. Liner defects detected by NDT that require special attention by the cognizant engineering organization include through cracks, part-through cracks, liner buckling, pitting, thinning, and corrosion under the influence of cyclic loading, sustained loading, temperature cycling, mechanical impact and other intended or unintended service conditions.
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Note 5: The use a material with good fatigue and slow crack growth characteristics is important. For example, nickel-based alloys are better than precipitation-hardened stainless steel. Aluminum also has good ductility and crack resistance.  
4.2 The COPVs covered in this guide consist of a metallic liner overwrapped with high-strength fibers embedded in polymeric matrix resin (typically a thermoset). Metallic liners may be spun formed from a deep drawn/extruded monolithic blank or may be fabricated by welding formed components. Designers often seek to minimize the liner thickness in the interest of weight reduction. COPV liner materials used can be aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, nickel-chromium alloys, and stainless steels, impermeable polymer liner such as high density polyethylene, or integrated composite materials. Fiber materials can be carbon, aramid, glass, PBO, metals, or hybrids (two or more types of fiber). Matrix resins include epoxies, cyanate esters, polyurethanes, phenolic resins, polyimides (including bismaleimides), polyamides and other high performance polymers. Common bond line adhesives are generally epoxies (FM-73, West 105, and Epon 86...
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1.1 This guide discusses current and potential nondestructive testing (NDT) procedures for finding indications of discontinuities in thin-walled metallic liners in filament-wound pressure vessels, also known as composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs). In general, these vessels have metallic liner thicknesses less than 2.3 mm (0.090 in.), and fiber loadings in the composite overwrap greater than 60 percent by weight. In COPVs, the composite overwrap thickness will be of the order of 2.0 mm (0.080 in.) for smaller vessels, and up to 20 mm (0.80 in.) for larger ones.  
1.2 This guide focuses on COPVs with nonload sharing metallic liners used at ambient temperature, which most closely represents a Compressed Gas Association (CGA) Type III metal-lined COPV. However, it also has relevance to (1) monolithic metallic pressure vessels (PVs) (CGA Type I), and (2) metal-lined hoop-wrapped COPVs (CGA Type II).  
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Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Composite Overwraps in Filament Wound Pressure Vessels Used in Aerospace Applications

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4.1 The COPVs covered in this guide consist of a metallic liner overwrapped with high-strength fibers embedded in polymeric matrix resin (typically a thermoset) (Fig. 1). Metallic liners may be spun-formed from a deep drawn/extruded monolithic blank or may be fabricated by welding formed components. Designers often seek to minimize the liner thickness in the interest of weight reduction. COPV liner materials used can be aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, nickel-chromium alloys, and stainless steels, impermeable polymer liner such as high density polyethylene, or integrated composite materials. Fiber materials can be carbon, aramid, glass, PBO, metals, or hybrids (two or more types of fibers). Matrix resins include epoxies, cyanate esters, polyurethanes, phenolic resins, polyimides (including bismaleimides), polyamides, and other high performance polymers. Common bond line adhesives are FM-73, urethane, West 105, and Epon 862 with thicknesses ranging from 0.13 mm (0.005 in.) to 0.38 mm (0.015 in.). Metallic liner and composite overwrap materials requirements are found in ANSI/AIAA S-080 and ANSI/AIAA S-081, respectively.  
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1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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5.1 Because of safety considerations, regulatory agencies (for example, U.S. Department of Transportation) require periodic tests of pressurized vessels used in commercial aviation. (see Section 49, Code of Federal Regulations). AE testing has become accepted as an alternative to the common hydrostatic proof test.  
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1.2 The required test pressurization is achieved by heating the bottle in an industrial oven designed for this purpose. The maximum temperature needed to achieve the AE test pressure is ≤250°F (121°C).  
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1.4 This practice was developed for periodic inspection and testing of pressure vessels containing Halon (UN 1044), which is commonly used aboard commercial aircraft for fire suppression. In commercial aircraft, these bottles are hermetically sealed by welding in the fill port. Exit ports are opened by explosively activated burst disks. The usage of these pressure vessels in transportation is regulated under US Department of Transportation (DOT), Code of Federal Regulations CFR 49. A DOT special permit authorizes the use of AE testing for periodic inspection and testing in place of volumetric expansion and visual inspection. These bottles are spherical with diameters ranging from 5 to 16 in. (127 to 406 mm).  
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1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice provides requirements for the handling, transportation, and storage of IG-100 encountered in distribution through both commercial and military channels. It is intended to ensure that IG-100 is handled, transported, and stored in such a way that its physical property virtues are not degraded. Transport may be by various means, such as, but not limited to, highway, rail and water.
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1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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1.1 This practice is intended to satisfy the demand for information on the basic procedures for the safe handling and transfilling of small (not bulk) paintball compressed air cylinders commonly used with a paintball marker for propulsion of a paintball. This standard does not address issues dealing with the transfilling, storage, and handling of supply cylinders that may be used in transfilling smaller cylinders.  
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Note 3: Liners made from stainless steel and nickel-based alloys exhibit a higher damage resistance to impact than those made from aluminum.
Note 4: Safe life is the goal for any COPV so that a through crack in the liner will not develop during the service life.
Note 5: The use a material with good fatigue and slow crack growth characteristics is important. For example, nickel-based alloys are better than precipitation-hardened stainless steel. Aluminum also has good ductility and crack resistance.  
4.2 The COPVs covered in this guide consist of a metallic liner overwrapped with high-strength fibers embedded in polymeric matrix resin (typically a thermoset). Metallic liners may be spun formed from a deep drawn/extruded monolithic blank or may be fabricated by welding formed components. Designers often seek to minimize the liner thickness in the interest of weight reduction. COPV liner materials used can be aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, nickel-chromium alloys, and stainless steels, impermeable polymer liner such as high density polyethylene, or integrated composite materials. Fiber materials can be carbon, aramid, glass, PBO, metals, or hybrids (two or more types of fiber). Matrix resins include epoxies, cyanate esters, polyurethanes, phenolic resins, polyimides (including bismaleimides), polyamides and other high performance polymers. Common bond line adhesives are generally epoxies (FM-73, West 105, and Epon 86...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide discusses current and potential nondestructive testing (NDT) procedures for finding indications of discontinuities in thin-walled metallic liners in filament-wound pressure vessels, also known as composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs). In general, these vessels have metallic liner thicknesses less than 2.3 mm (0.090 in.), and fiber loadings in the composite overwrap greater than 60 percent by weight. In COPVs, the composite overwrap thickness will be of the order of 2.0 mm (0.080 in.) for smaller vessels, and up to 20 mm (0.80 in.) for larger ones.  
1.2 This guide focuses on COPVs with nonload sharing metallic liners used at ambient temperature, which most closely represents a Compressed Gas Association (CGA) Type III metal-lined COPV. However, it also has relevance to (1) monolithic metallic pressure vessels (PVs) (CGA Type I), and (2) metal-lined hoop-wrapped COPVs (CGA Type II).  
1.3 The vessels covered by this guide are used in aerospace applications; therefore, examination requirements for discontinuities and inspection points will in general be different and more stringent than for vessels used in non-aerospace applications.  
1.4 This guide applies to (1) low pressure COPVs and PVs used for storing aerospace media at maximum allowable working pressures (MAWPs) up to 3.5 MPa (500 psia) and volumes up to 2000 L (70 ft3), and (2) high pressure COPVs used for storing compressed gases at MAWPs up to 70 MPa (10 000 psia) and volumes down to 8 L (500 in.3). Internal vacuum storage or exposure is not considered appropriate for any vessel size.
Note 1: Some vessels are evacuated during filling operations, requiring the tank to withstand external (atmospheric) pressure.  
1.5 The metallic liners under consideration include, but are not limited to, ones made from aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, nickel-based alloys, and stainless steels. In the case of COPVs, the composites through which the N...

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  • Guide
    29 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off