ASTM C614-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Alkali Resistance of Porcelain Enamels
Standard Test Method for Alkali Resistance of Porcelain Enamels
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This test method is intended specifically for testing the resistance to alkaline attack of porcelain enamels to be used as a final finish on washing machines, dishwashers, combination washer-dryers, and similar appliances where the surface is normally exposed to an alkaline environment at elevated temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the measurement of the resistance of a porcelain enamel to a hot solution of tetrasodium pyrophosphate. Although the specific alkali mentioned herein is tetrasodium pyrophosphate, the equipment and techniques are equally applicable to other alkali solutions.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C614 − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Alkali Resistance of Porcelain Enamels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C614; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Although all porcelain enamels are highly resistant to attack by cold alkaline solutions, some
compositions are affected by hot solutions of the type encountered in automatic laundry and
dishwashing equipment. Tests to eliminate porcelain enamels of poor resistance have been developed
and used by various laboratories. In general, these tests consist of subjecting specimens to a boiling
solution of either sodium pyrophosphate or sodium hydroxide for a period of two or more hours. The
specimens are weighed before and after exposure to the test treatment and the loss-in-weight is taken
as a measure of alkali attack. In some tests representing milder exposure conditions, the 45 degree
specular gloss is measured before and after exposure, and the percentage of initial gloss retained is
used as an indicator of alkali resistance. While such tests have served a useful purpose in developing
more resistant porcelain enamel compositions and in manufacturing control operations, agreement
between laboratories has left something to be desired. The present test was designed to provide the
reproducibility between laboratories that is so essential to any standard test procedure.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
2 Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the resis-
tance of a porcelain enamel to a hot solution of tetrasodium
2. Significance and Use
pyrophosphate. Although the specific alkali mentioned herein
is tetrasodium pyrophosphate, the equipment and techniques 2.1 This test method is intended specifically for testing the
are equally applicable to other alkali solutions. resistance to alkaline attack of porcelain enamels to be used as
a final finish on washing machines, dishwashers, combination
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
washer-dryers, and similar appliances where the surface is
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
normally exposed to an alkaline environment at elevated
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
temperatures.
information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Test Chamber, of a type illustrated in Fig. 1, Fig. 3, and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Fig. 6. This part of the equipment consists of a stainless steel
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
beaker fitted with an O-ring sealed cover which supports an
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
immersion heater, a stirring device, thermometer and thermis-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
tor wells; three specimen holders; a reflux condenser; a flow
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
channeling shield to slide over and be supported by the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3
immersion heater; and a stirring motor. The beaker, heater
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
sheath, stirring device, thermometer and thermistor wells,
specimenholders,andtheflowchannelingshieldshallbemade
from stainless steel alloys from the AISI 300 Series.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeB08onMetallic
and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.12 on
3.2 Temperature Controller, thermistor-actuated, capable of
Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems.
maintaining the temperature of the alkali solution in the beaker
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally
at 96.00 6 0.20 °C.
approvedin1968.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2015asC614 – 10(2015).DOI:
10.1520/C0614-20.
2
This test was developed at the National Bureau of Standards under the
sponsorship of The Porcelain Enamel Institute, Inc., and published as P. E. I.
3
Bulletin T-25. See the appendix for drawings of the equipment.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C614 − 20
NOTE 1—Test soluti
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C614 − 10 (Reapproved 2015) C614 − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Alkali Resistance of Porcelain Enamels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C614; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Although all porcelain enamels are highly resistant to attack by cold alkaline solutions, some
compositions are affected by hot solutions of the type encountered in automatic laundry and
dishwashing equipment. Tests to eliminate porcelain enamels of poor resistance have been developed
and used by various laboratories. In general, these tests consist of subjecting specimens to a boiling
solution of either sodium pyrophosphate or sodium hydroxide for a period of two or more hours. The
specimens are weighed before and after exposure to the test treatment and the loss-in-weight is taken
as a measure of alkali attack. In some tests representing milder exposure conditions, the 45 degree
specular gloss is measured before and after exposure, and the percentage of initial gloss retained is
used as an indicator of alkali resistance. While such tests have served a useful purpose in developing
more resistant porcelain enamel compositions and in manufacturing control operations, agreement
between laboratories has left something to be desired. The present test was designed to provide the
reproducibility between laboratories that is so essential to any standard test procedure.
1. Scope
2
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the resistance of a porcelain enamel to a hot solution of tetrasodium
pyrophosphate. Although the specific alkali mentioned herein is tetrasodium pyrophosphate, the equipment and techniques are
equally applicable to other alkali solutions.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Significance and Use
2.1 This test method is intended specifically for testing the resistance to alkaline attack of porcelain enamels to be used as a final
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.12 on
Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015Nov. 1, 2020. Published May 2015December 2020. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 20112015 as
C614 – 10(2011).(2015). DOI: 10.1520/C0614-10R15.10.1520/C0614-20.
2
This test was developed at the National Bureau of Standards under the sponsorship of The Porcelain Enamel Institute, Inc., and published as P. E. I. Bulletin T-25.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C614 − 20
finish on washing machines, dishwashers, combination washer-dryers, and similar appliances where the surface is normally
exposed to an alkaline environment at elevated temperatures.
3. Apparatus
3.1 Test Chamber, of a type illustrated in Fig. 1, Fig. 3, and Fig. 6. This part of the equipment consists of a stainless steel beaker
fitted with an O-ring sealed cover which supports an immersion heater, a stirring device, thermometer and thermistor wells; three
specimen holders; a reflux condenser; a flow channeling shield to slide over and be supported by the immersion heater; and a
3
stirring motor. The beaker, heater sheath, stirring device, thermometer and thermistor wells, specimen holders, and the flow
channeling shield shall be made from stainless steel alloys from the
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.