ASTM D2799-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the Maceral Composition of Coal
Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the Maceral Composition of Coal
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The volume percent of physical components of coal is used as an aid in coal seam correlation and in the characterization of coals for their use in carbonization, gasification, liquefaction, and combustion processes.
This test method is for use in scientific and industrial research, not compliance or referee tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the equipment and techniques used for determining the physical composition of a coal sample in terms of volume percent of the organic components and of mineral matter, if desired.
1.2 The term weight is temporarily used in this test method because of established trade usage. The word is used to mean both force and mass and care must be taken to determine which is meant in each case (the SI unit for force is newton and for mass, kilogram).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D2799–09
Standard Test Method for
Microscopical Determination of the Maceral Composition of
1
Coal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2799; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the equipment and techniques 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms, refer to Terminol-
usedfordeterminingthephysicalcompositionofacoalsample ogy D121.
in terms of volume percent of the organic components and of 3.2 Classification—The classification of the microscopic
mineral matter, if desired. constituents into groups of similar properties in a given coal is
1.2 The term weight is temporarily used in this test method as follows:
because of established trade usage. The word is used to mean
Maceral Group Maceral
Vitrinite —
bothforceandmassandcaremustbetakentodeterminewhich
Liptinite or (exinite) alginite
is meant in each case (the SI unit for force is newton and for
cutinite
mass, kilogram).
resinite
sporinite
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Inertinite fusinite
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
inertodetrinite
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- macrinite
micrinite
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
funginite
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
secretinite
semifusinite
2. Referenced Documents
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.3.1 alginite, n—aliptinitemaceralthatisgenerallyspheri-
D121 Terminology of Coal and Coke
cal or ovoid, frequently having a crenulated border and
D2797 PracticeforPreparingCoalSamplesforMicroscopi-
somewhat irregular reflectance and sometimes occurring in
cal Analysis by Reflected Light
clusters reflecting an origin from Botryococcus algae.
D2798 Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the
3.3.1.1 Discussion—Alginite often occurs as degraded frag-
Vitrinite Reflectance of Coal
ments derived from colonial or unicellular bodies.
D3174 Test Method forAsh in theAnalysis Sample of Coal
3.3.2 cutinite, n—a liptinite maceral in the form of a sheet
and Coke from Coal
reflecting its origin from leaf- or twig-covering plant cuticle,
D3177 Test Methods for Total Sulfur in the Analysis
frequently exhibiting reticulation in planar section and a
Sample of Coal and Coke
serrated edge in cross section.
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
3.3.3 exinite, n—Deprecated term. Use preferred term lip-
ASTM Test Methods
tinite; sometimes has also been used as a synonym for
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
sporinite.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3.3.4 funginite, n—an inertinite maceral occurring as round
or ovoid bodies, frequently containing voids, reflecting an
1
origin from fungal sclerotia; also occurs (especially in lower
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal
and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.28 on Petrographic
rank coals) as interlaced, stringy materials derived from fungal
Analysis of Coal and Coke.
hyphae.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originally
3.3.5 fusinite, n—an inertinite maceral distinguished princi-
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D2799 – 05a. DOI:
10.1520/D2799-09. pally by the preservation of some feature(s) of the plant cell
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
wall structure, and with a particle size greater than 50 µm
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
except when it occurs as a fragment within the binder matrix;
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
see also semifusinite.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2799–09
3.3.6 inertinite, n—macerals that exhibit higher reflectance stances; fluorescence properties (color, intensity) in blue to
than other organic substances in the coal. ultraviolet light; relief; color tinges; internal reflections; and
anisotropic properties.
3.3.6.1 Discussion—In any coal ranked lower than anthra-
Microscopic criteria provide classification capability with-
citic, inertinite reflectance commonly spans the range from
only slightly higher than associated vitrinite to very high out any implication of absolute chemical composition or
physical behavior, although some properties relative to o
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 2799–05a Designation:D 2799–09
Standard Test Method for
Microscopical Determination of the Maceral Composition of
1
Coal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2799; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the equipment and techniques used for determining the physical composition of a coal sample in
terms of volume percent of the organic components and of mineral matter, if desired.
1.2 The term weight is temporarily used in this test method because of established trade usage. The word is used to mean both
force and mass and care must be taken to determine which is meant in each case (the SI unit for force is newton and for mass,
kilogram).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 121 Terminology of Coal and Coke
D 2797 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Microscopical Analysis by Reflected Light
D 2798 Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the Vitrinite Reflectance of Coal
D 3174 Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal
D 3177 Test Method for Total Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke Test Methods for Total Sulfur in the Analysis
Sample of Coal and Coke
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms, refer to Terminology D 121.
3.2 Classification—The classification of the microscopic constituents into groups of similar properties in a given coal is as
follows:
Maceral Group Maceral
Vitrinite —
Liptinite or (exinite) alginite
cutinite
resinite
sporinite
Inertinite fusinite
inertodetrinite
macrinite
micrinite
funginite
secretinite
semifusinite
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.3.1 alginite, n—a liptinite maceral that is generally spherical or ovoid, frequently having a crenulated border and somewhat
irregular reflectance and sometimes occurring in clusters reflecting an origin from Botryococcus algae.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D05 on Coal and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.28 on PetrographicAnalysis
of Coal and Coke.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2005.1, 2009. Published October 2005.September 2009. Originally approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as
D 2799 – 05a.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 2799–09
3.3.1.1 Discussion—Alginite often occurs as degraded fragments derived from colonial or unicellular bodies.
3.3.2 cutinite, n—a liptinite maceral in the form of a sheet reflecting its origin from leaf- or twig-covering plant cuticle,
frequently exhibiting reticulation in planar section and a serrated edge in cross section.
3.3.3 exinite, n—Deprecated term. Use preferred term liptinite; sometimes has also been used as a synonym for sporinite.
3.3.4 funginite, n—an inertinite maceral occurring as round or ovoid bodies, frequently containing voids, reflecting an origin
from fungal sclerotia; also occurs (especially in lower rank coals) as interlaced, stringy materials derived from fungal hyphae.
3.3.5 fusinite, n—an inertinite maceral distinguished principally by the preservation of some feature(s) of the plant cell wall
structure, and with a particle size greater than 50 µm except when it occurs as a fragment within the binder matrix; see also
semifusinite.
3.3.6 inertinite, n—macerals that exhibit higher reflectance than other organic substances in the coal.
3.3.6.1 Discussion—In any coal ranked lower than anthracitic, inertinite reflectance commonly spans the ran
...
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