ASTM D6201-99

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Designation: D 6201 – 99 An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Dynamometer Evaluation of Unleaded Spark-Ignition Engine
Fuel for Intake Valve Deposit Formation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6201; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Subject Section
Crushed Walnut Shells 7.7
1.1 This test method coves an engine dynamometer test
Desiccant 7.8
procedure for evaluation of intake valve deposit formation of
Hazards 8
Specific Hazards 8.1
unleaded spark-ignition engine fuels. This test uses a Ford
Reference Fuel 9
Ranger 2.3 L four-cylinder engine. The following details the
Reference Base Fuel Batch Approval Process 9.1
procedure, hardware, and operations used for this test. Fuel Batch Analyses 9.2
Fuel Batch Shipment and Storage 9.3
1.2 The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) is respon-
Preparation of Apparatus 10
sible for engine test stand certification as well as issuance of
Test Stand Preparation 10.1
information letters after test method modifications are ap- Engine Block Preparation 10.2
Preparation of Miscellaneous Engine Components 10.3
proved by Subcommittee D02.A and Committee D02. Users of
Cylinder Head Preparation 10.4
this test method shall request copies of recent information
Cylinder Head Assembly 10.5
letters from the TMC to ensure proper conduct of the test
Cylinder Head Installation 10.6
Final Engine Assembly 10.7
method.
Calibration 11
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Test Stand Calibration 11.1
standard. Approximate inch-pound units are shown in paren- Instrumentation Calibration 11.2
Test Procedure 12
thesis for information.
Pretest Procedure 12.1
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Engine Operating Procedure 12.2
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Periodic Measurements and Functions 12.3
End of Test Procedures 12.4
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Determination of Test Results 13
priate safety and health practices and determine applicability
Post-test Intake Valve Weighing Procedure 13.1
Photographs of Parts - General 13.2
of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary
Induction System Rating 13.3
statements are given throughout this test method.
Determination of Test Validity - Engine Conformance 13.4
1.5 This test method is arranged as follows:
Final Test Report 14
Standard Report 14.1
Subject Section
Data Acquisition Summary Report 14.2
Scope 1
Photographs of Specific Parts 14.3
Referenced Documents 2
Precision and Bias 15
Terminology 3
Precision 15.1
Summary of Test Method 4
Bias 15.2
Significance and Use 5
Keywords 16
Apparatus 6
Laboratory Facilities 6.1
Annexes
Test Stand Laboratory Equipment 6.2
Detailed Specifications and Photographs of Apparatus Annex A1
Test Engine Hardware 6.3
Engine Part Number Listing Annex A2
Special Measurement and Assembly Equipment 6.4
Reagents and Materials 7
2. Referenced Documents
Fuel 7.1
Engine Oil and Assembly Lubricant 7.2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Engine Coolant 7.3
D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
Solvents and Cleaners 7.4
Fuel Injector Test Fluid 7.5
D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
Valve Lapping Compound 7.6
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvents)
D 287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
D 381 Test Method for Existent Gum in Fuels by Jet
This test method is under jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on Petroleum
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.A on
Evaporation
Gasoline.
Current edition approved June 10, 1999. Published August 1999. Originally
published as D 6201 – 97. Last previous edition D 6201 – 97. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 05.01.
2 4
ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 06.04.
D 6201
D 525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline J254 Instrumentation and Techniques for Exhaust Gas
(Induction Period Method) Emissions Measurement
D 873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels
3 3. Terminology
(Potential Residue Method)
D 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 base fuel, n—unleaded automotive spark-ignition en-
(Lamp Method)
D 1298 Practice for Density, Relative Density (Specific gine fuel that does not contain a deposit control additive, but
may contain antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactiva-
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
tors, dyes, or oxygenates, or a combination thereof.
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
3.1.2 blowby, n—the combustion products and unburned
D 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid
air/fuel mixture that enter the crankcase.
Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
3.1.3 deposit control additive, n—material added to the base
D 1744 Test Method for Determination of Water in Liquid
fuel to prevent or remove deposits in the entire engine intake
Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent
system.
D 2427 Test Method for Determination of C Through C
2 5
3.1.3.1 Discussion—For the purpose of this test method, the
Hydrocarbons in Gasolines by Gas Chromatography
performance evaluation of a deposit control additive is limited
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
to the tulip area of intake valves.
X-ray Spectrometry
3.1.4 exhaust emissions, n—combustion products from the
D 3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic
test fuel including unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon mon-
Absorption Spectrometry
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and oxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO ), unreacted oxygen (O ), and
2 2
oxides of nitrogen (NO ).
Petroleum Products
x
D 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by 3.1.5 intake system, n—components of the engine whose
function it is to prepare and deliver an air/fuel mixture to the
Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
D 4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine combustion chamber and includes the throttle, intake manifold,
exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and positive crankcase venti-
Fuel
D 4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and lation (PCV) ports, cylinder head runners and ports, intake
valves, and fuel injectors.
Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
3.1.6 intake valve deposit, n—material accumulated on the
D 5059 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by X-ray Spec-
tulip area of the intake valve, generally composed of carbon,
troscopy
other fuel, lubricant, and additive decomposition products, and
D 5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
atmospheric contaminants.
ucts (Automatic Method)
3.1.7 test fuel, n—base fuel with or without the addition of
D 5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
a deposit control additive.
ucts (Mini Method)
D 5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
4. Summary of Test Method
Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in a
4.1 This test method utilizes a 1994 Ford 2.3 L in-line, four
Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with
cylinder, Ford Ranger truck engine with 49 state emission
Gasoline and Operated under Low-Temperature, Light-
calibration. The cylinder block and cylinder head are con-
Duty Conditions
structed of cast iron. The engine features an overhead cam-
D 5482 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
shaft, a cross-flow, fast burn cylinder head design, and elec-
ucts (Mini Method - Atmospheric)
tronic port fuel injection.
E 203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer
4.2 Each test engine is built to a rigid set of specifications
Titration
using a specially designated intake valve deposit parts kit
E 1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by
produced by the Ford Motor Co. New, weighed, intake valves
Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
are used to rebuild the cylinder head. A standard engine oil is
2.2 ANSI Standard:
used for each test and a new oil filter is installed. The test
MC96.1 Temperature Measurement-Thermocouples
engine is subjected to a rigorous quality control procedure to
2.3 Coordinating Research Council (CRC):
verify proper engine operation. To ensure compliance with the
CRC Manual 16, Carburetor and Induction System Rating
test objective, data acquisition of key parameters is utilized
Manual
during test operation.
2.4 SAE Standard:
4.3 The complete fuel system is flushed of test fuel from the
previous test. The fuel system is then filled with the new test
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 05.02.
fuel.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 05.03.
7 4.4 The engine is operated on a cycle consisting of two
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 15.05.
stages. The first stage comprises operating the engine at 2000
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,
13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
r/min and 30.6 kPa (230 mm Hg) manifold absolute pressure
Available from the Coordinating Research Council, Inc., 219 Perimeter Center
for 4 min. The second stage comprises operating the engine at
Pkwy., Atlanta, GA 30346.
2800 r/min and 71.8 kPa (540 mm Hg) manifold absolute
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth
Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. pressure for 8 min. Ramp time between each stage is 30 s and
D 6201
is independent of the stage times. The cycle is repeated for 100 free of contaminants. The humidity should be maintained at a
h. uniform comfortable level. Because of the delicate nature of
the deposits, do not subject the deposits to extreme changes in
5. Significance and Use
temperature or humidity. See precautionary Note 2.
5.1 Test Method— The Coordinating Research Council
6.1.5 Parts Rating and Intake Valve Weighing Area—The
sponsored testing at EG & G Automotive Research to develop
parts rating area shall be reasonably free from contaminants.
this test method to evaluate a fuel’s tendency to form intake
6.2 Test Stand Laboratory Equipment:
valve deposits.
6.2.1 Test Stand Configuration—An example of a similar
5.1.1 State and Federal Legislative and Regulatory
test stand configuration is described in Test Method D 5302
Action—Regulatory action by California Air Resources Board
(Sequence VE lubricant test method) since the same Ford 2.3
(CARB) and the United States Environmental Protection
L base engine is utilized. Mount the engine on the test stand so
Agency (EPA) necessitate the acceptance of a standardized
that the flywheel friction face is 4.0 6 0.5° from the vertical
test method to evaluate the intake system deposit forming
with the front of the engine higher than the rear. The engine
tendency of an automotive spark-ignition engine fuel.
shall be coupled directly to the dynamometer through a
5.1.2 Relevance of Results—The operating conditions and
driveshaft. Engine driven accessories include engine water
design of the engine used in this test method are not represen-
pump and alternator or idler pulley configuration as detailed in
tative of all engines. These factors shall be considered when
10.7.9 The alternator serves only as an idler pulley; it is not
interpreting test results.
energized.
5.2 Test Validity:
6.2.2 Dynamometer Speed and Load Control System—The
5.2.1 Procedural Compliance—The test results are not con-
dynamometer used for this test is the Midwest 1014, 175
sidered valid unless the test is completed in compliance with all
horsepower, dry gap dynamometer or equivalent. Equivalency
requirements of this test method. Deviations from the param-
means that the dynamometer and dynamometer control system
eter limits presented in Sections 12, 13, and 14 will result in an
shall be capable of controlling the stage transitions to the
invalid test. Apply engineering judgment during conduct of the
procedural specifications as detailed in Table 1.
test method when assessing any anomalies to ensure validity of
6.2.3 Intake Air Supply System—The intake air supply
the test results.
system is the production intake air system including the
5.2.2 Engine Compliance—A test is not considered valid
extension between the air filter housing and the upper intake
unless the test engine meets the quality control inspection
manifold. Locate the intake air pressure and temperature
requirements as described in Sections 10 and 12.
probes in the production air filter housing between the air filter
6. Apparatus
and the engine intake manifold. Install the intake air tempera-
ture probe 50 6 10 mm into the housing. Install the intake air
NOTE 1—Photographs are provided in Annex A1 depicting the required
pressure probe 5 6 3 mm into the housing. Take humidity
apparatus and suggesting appropriate design details.
readings within the ducting of the intake air supply system
6.1 Laboratory Facilities:
supplying the engine. See Fig. A1.4 for a detailed description.
6.1.1 Engine and Cylinder Head Build-up and Measurement
6.2.4 Exhaust System— The exhaust system consists of the
Area—The engine and cylinder head build-up and measure-
production exhaust manifold, exhaust back pressure control
ment area shall be reasonably free from contaminants and
valve, exhaust back pressure probe, exhaust emissions probe(s)
maintained at a uniform temperature 6 3°C (6 5°F) between
(if applicable), and the engine oxygen sensor. Locate the
10 to 27°C (50 to 80°F).
exhaust emissions probe and the exhaust back pressure probe
6.1.2 Engine Operating Area—The engine operating area
downstream of the engine oxygen sensor at a distance no
should be relatively free from contaminants. The temperature
greater than 400 mm and position the probes at the center of the
and humidity level of the operating area are not specified. Air
exhaust stream. Figure A1.6 gives details regarding the exhaust
from a fan can be routed on to the production air intake system
back pressure probe configuration and location.
to assist in maintaining intake air temperature control.
6.2.5 Fuel Supply System—A schematic diagram of a typi-
6.1.3 Fuel Injector Testing Area—The fuel injector testing
cal fuel supply system is shown in Fig. A1.7. Supply an excess
area shall be reasonably free of contaminants. The humidity
volume of fuel to the fuel rai
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