Standard Specification for Uranium Metal Enriched to Less Than 20 % <sup> 235</sup >U

ABSTRACT
This specification covers nuclear grade uranium metal that has either been processed through an enrichment plant, or has been produced by the blending of highly enriched uranium with other uranium, to obtain uranium of any 235U concentration below 20 % (and greater than 15 %) and that is intended for research reactor fuel fabrication. The uranium content of commercial grade enriched uranium metal shall be greater than or equal to 99.85 weight percent. The isotopic requirements for enriched uranium metal are presented in details. The chemical and isotopic composition shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nuclear grade uranium metal that has either been processed through an enrichment plant, or has been produced by the blending of highly enriched uranium with other uranium, to obtain uranium of any  235U mass fraction below 20 % and that is intended for research reactor and generation IV nuclear reactor fuel fabrication. The scope of this specification includes specifications for enriched uranium metal derived from commercial natural uranium, reprocessed uranium, or highly enriched uranium. Commercial natural uranium, reprocessed uranium and highly enriched uranium are defined in Section 3. The objectives of this specification are to define the impurity and uranium isotope limits for commercial grade enriched uranium metal.  
1.2 This specification is intended to provide the nuclear industry with a standard for enriched uranium metal which is to be used in the production of research reactor and generation IV nuclear reactor fuel. In addition to this specification, the parties concerned may agree to other appropriate conditions.  
1.3 The scope of this specification does not comprehensively cover all provisions for preventing criticality accidents or requirements for health and safety or for shipping. Observance of this standard does not relieve the user of the obligation to conform to all applicable international, federal, state, and local regulations for processing, shipping, or any other way of using uranium metal (see, for example, C996 regarding references).  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Sep-2021
Technical Committee
C26 - Nuclear Fuel Cycle

Relations

Effective Date
15-Jan-2024
Effective Date
01-Jan-2024
Effective Date
01-Mar-2020
Effective Date
01-Nov-2019
Effective Date
01-Jul-2019
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Effective Date
01-Jun-2015
Effective Date
15-Jun-2014
Effective Date
15-Jun-2014
Effective Date
15-Jan-2014
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Effective Date
01-Sep-2011
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010

Overview

ASTM C1462-21 is the internationally recognized standard specification for uranium metal enriched to less than 20% ^235U, specifically aimed at supporting research reactor and Generation IV nuclear reactor fuel fabrication. Developed by ASTM International, this standard defines the required chemical and isotopic purity, physical characteristics, and testing procedures for nuclear-grade uranium metal that has undergone enrichment or blending. This specification ensures that uranium metal of any ^235U concentration below 20% (and greater than 15%) meets stringent requirements, promoting safety, reliability, and consistency in nuclear fuel supply chains.

Key Topics

  • Scope of Enrichment: Covers uranium metal processed through enrichment plants or produced by blending highly enriched uranium (HEU) with other uranium forms to achieve 15-20% ^235U concentration.
  • Material Sources: Specifies requirements for uranium derived from commercial natural uranium, reprocessed uranium, or HEU.
  • Impurity Limits: Establishes strict maximum levels for a range of impurities to maintain fuel performance and safety, including limits for aluminum, boron, carbon, iron, lead, silicon, and others.
  • Isotopic Composition: Sets allowable limits for isotopes such as ^232U, ^234U, and ^236U, supporting optimal nuclear fuel behavior and compliance with regulatory requirements.
  • Physical Form and Quality: Requires uranium content to be at least 99.85% by weight. Specifies acceptable shapes (spherical, cubical, cylindrical, or broken) and dimensions, which are agreed upon between buyer and seller.
  • Health Physics Requirements: Limits gamma and alpha activity from fission and decay products, protecting both fabrication personnel and end-users.
  • Testing Methods: References ASTM-approved methods for chemical and isotopic analysis, ensuring reproducible results across global nuclear operations.
  • Packaging and Handling: Mandates that packing, labeling, and transport conform to applicable international and regulatory guidelines.

Applications

ASTM C1462-21 plays a critical role in:

  • Research Reactor Fuel Fabrication: Ensures medium enriched uranium meets purity and isotopic standards essential for safe, sustained operation of research reactors.
  • Generation IV Reactor Development: Supplies reactors with uranium fuel tailored to advanced design requirements, supporting next-generation nuclear energy solutions.
  • International Nuclear Material Trade: Provides a common technical language and requirements for uranium metal transactions, facilitating global supply chains, contract negotiations, and compliance.
  • Material Qualification: Used by fuel fabricators and quality assurance teams to certify incoming uranium metal and maintain adherence to regulatory and performance standards.

Related Standards

ASTM C1462-21 references and complements several key standards within the nuclear industry, including:

  • ASTM C696: Test methods for chemical and spectrochemical analysis of nuclear-grade uranium dioxide.
  • ASTM C799: Test methods for analysis of uranium nitrate solutions.
  • ASTM C859: Terminology relating to nuclear materials.
  • ASTM C996: Specification for uranium hexafluoride enriched to less than 5% ^235U.
  • ASTM C1233: Practice for determining equivalent boron contents of nuclear materials.
  • ASTM C1295: Method for gamma energy emission measurement.
  • ASTM C1347: Practice for uranium material preparation and dissolution.
  • ANSI/ASME NQA-1: Quality assurance program requirements for nuclear facilities.
  • Title 10 CFR Part 50 (App. B): U.S. nuclear regulatory requirements relevant to fuel quality assurance.

Practical Value

By defining strict chemical, isotopic, and physical requirements, ASTM C1462-21 ensures the nuclear industry receives uranium metal of appropriate quality for demanding applications. Adherence to this standard helps nuclear operators, regulators, and suppliers mitigate risks, demonstrate regulatory compliance, and promote safe, reliable reactor operation.

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Frequently Asked Questions

ASTM C1462-21 is a technical specification published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Specification for Uranium Metal Enriched to Less Than 20 % <sup> 235</sup >U". This standard covers: ABSTRACT This specification covers nuclear grade uranium metal that has either been processed through an enrichment plant, or has been produced by the blending of highly enriched uranium with other uranium, to obtain uranium of any 235U concentration below 20 % (and greater than 15 %) and that is intended for research reactor fuel fabrication. The uranium content of commercial grade enriched uranium metal shall be greater than or equal to 99.85 weight percent. The isotopic requirements for enriched uranium metal are presented in details. The chemical and isotopic composition shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers nuclear grade uranium metal that has either been processed through an enrichment plant, or has been produced by the blending of highly enriched uranium with other uranium, to obtain uranium of any 235U mass fraction below 20 % and that is intended for research reactor and generation IV nuclear reactor fuel fabrication. The scope of this specification includes specifications for enriched uranium metal derived from commercial natural uranium, reprocessed uranium, or highly enriched uranium. Commercial natural uranium, reprocessed uranium and highly enriched uranium are defined in Section 3. The objectives of this specification are to define the impurity and uranium isotope limits for commercial grade enriched uranium metal. 1.2 This specification is intended to provide the nuclear industry with a standard for enriched uranium metal which is to be used in the production of research reactor and generation IV nuclear reactor fuel. In addition to this specification, the parties concerned may agree to other appropriate conditions. 1.3 The scope of this specification does not comprehensively cover all provisions for preventing criticality accidents or requirements for health and safety or for shipping. Observance of this standard does not relieve the user of the obligation to conform to all applicable international, federal, state, and local regulations for processing, shipping, or any other way of using uranium metal (see, for example, C996 regarding references). 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT This specification covers nuclear grade uranium metal that has either been processed through an enrichment plant, or has been produced by the blending of highly enriched uranium with other uranium, to obtain uranium of any 235U concentration below 20 % (and greater than 15 %) and that is intended for research reactor fuel fabrication. The uranium content of commercial grade enriched uranium metal shall be greater than or equal to 99.85 weight percent. The isotopic requirements for enriched uranium metal are presented in details. The chemical and isotopic composition shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers nuclear grade uranium metal that has either been processed through an enrichment plant, or has been produced by the blending of highly enriched uranium with other uranium, to obtain uranium of any 235U mass fraction below 20 % and that is intended for research reactor and generation IV nuclear reactor fuel fabrication. The scope of this specification includes specifications for enriched uranium metal derived from commercial natural uranium, reprocessed uranium, or highly enriched uranium. Commercial natural uranium, reprocessed uranium and highly enriched uranium are defined in Section 3. The objectives of this specification are to define the impurity and uranium isotope limits for commercial grade enriched uranium metal. 1.2 This specification is intended to provide the nuclear industry with a standard for enriched uranium metal which is to be used in the production of research reactor and generation IV nuclear reactor fuel. In addition to this specification, the parties concerned may agree to other appropriate conditions. 1.3 The scope of this specification does not comprehensively cover all provisions for preventing criticality accidents or requirements for health and safety or for shipping. Observance of this standard does not relieve the user of the obligation to conform to all applicable international, federal, state, and local regulations for processing, shipping, or any other way of using uranium metal (see, for example, C996 regarding references). 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM C1462-21 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 27.120.30 - Fissile materials and nuclear fuel technology. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

ASTM C1462-21 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM C1295-24, ASTM C859-24, ASTM C996-20, ASTM C696-19, ASTM C799-19, ASTM C996-15, ASTM C1295-15, ASTM C859-14a, ASTM C1295-14, ASTM C859-14, ASTM C859-13a, ASTM C859-13, ASTM C696-11, ASTM C859-10b, ASTM C996-10. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

ASTM C1462-21 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:C1462 −21
Standard Specification for
235 1
Uranium Metal Enriched to Less Than 20% U
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1462; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This specification covers nuclear grade uranium metal 2.1 ASTM Standards:
that has either been processed through an enrichment plant, or
C696 Test Methods for Chemical, Mass Spectrometric, and
has been produced by the blending of highly enriched uranium
Spectrochemical Analysis of Nuclear-Grade Uranium Di-
with other uranium, to obtain uranium of any U mass
oxide Powders and Pellets
fraction below 20 % and that is intended for research reactor
C799 Test Methods for Chemical, Mass Spectrometric,
andgenerationIVnuclearreactorfuelfabrication.Thescopeof
Spectrochemical, Nuclear, and RadiochemicalAnalysis of
this specification includes specifications for enriched uranium
Nuclear-Grade Uranyl Nitrate Solutions
metal derived from commercial natural uranium, reprocessed
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
uranium, or highly enriched uranium. Commercial natural
C996 Specification for Uranium Hexafluoride Enriched to
uranium,reprocesseduraniumandhighlyenricheduraniumare
Less Than 5 % U
defined in Section 3. The objectives of this specification are to
C1233 Practice for Determining Equivalent Boron Contents
define the impurity and uranium isotope limits for commercial
of Nuclear Materials
grade enriched uranium metal.
C1295 Test Method for Gamma Energy Emission from
Fission and Decay Products in Uranium Hexafluoride and
1.2 This specification is intended to provide the nuclear
Uranyl Nitrate Solution
industrywithastandardforenricheduraniummetalwhichisto
C1347 Practice for Preparation and Dissolution of Uranium
be used in the production of research reactor and generation IV
Materials for Analysis
nuclear reactor fuel. In addition to this specification, the parties
concerned may agree to other appropriate conditions. 2.2 ANSI Standard
ANSI-ASME NQA-1 Quality Assurance Program Require-
1.3 The scope of this specification does not comprehen-
ments for Nuclear Facility Applications
sively cover all provisions for preventing criticality accidents
or requirements for health and safety or for shipping. Obser-
2.3 U.S. Government Documents
vance of this standard does not relieve the user of the
CodeofFederalRegulations, Title10,Part50,(AppendixB)
obligation to conform to all applicable international, federal,
state, and local regulations for processing, shipping, or any
3. Terminology
other way of using uranium metal (see, for example, C996
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
regarding references).
3.1.1 Terms shall be defined in accordance with Terminol-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ogy C859, except for the following:
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
3.1.2 commercial grade enriched uranium metal,
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
n—uranium metal derived from commercial natural uranium,
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
reprocesseduranium,oruraniumobtainedfromtheblendingof
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- highly enriched uranium with commercial natural uranium,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
reprocessed uranium, or depleted uranium.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on the ASTM website.
Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.02 on Fuel Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
and Fertile Material Specifications. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C1462 – 00 (2013). 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
DOI: 10.1520/C1462-21. www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1462−21
3.1.3 commercial natural uranium, n—any form of natural
Element µg/gU Element µg/gU
Aluminum Al 150 Magnesium Mg 150
unirradiated uranium (containing 0.711 g 6 0.004 g U per
Boron B 1 Manganese Mn 50
100 g U).
Beryllium Be 10 Molybdenum Mo 100
Carbon C 800 Nickel Ni 300
3.1.4 depleted uranium, n—any form of unirradiated ura-
Calcium Ca 300 Phosphorus P 100
nium with a U mass fraction less than commercial natural
Cadmium Cd 1 Silicon Si 250
uranium. Chromium Cr 50 Sodium Na 25
Cobalt Co 10 Tin Sn 100
3.1.5 highly enriched uranium, n—any form of uranium
Copper Cu 50 Vanadium V 30
having a U mass fraction equal to or in excess of 20 %. Iron Fe 250 Tungsten W 100
Lead Pb 10 Zirconium Zr 250
3.1.6 reprocessed uranium, n—anyformofuraniumthathas
Lithium Li 10
been exposed in a neutron irradiation facility and either has Rare Earths (Dy, Eu, Gd, Sm) 3.0
been subsequently chemically separated from the fiss
...


This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1462 − 00 (Reapproved 2013) C1462 − 21
Standard Specification for
Uranium Metal Enriched to More than 15 % and Less Than
235 1
20 % U
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1462; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers nuclear grade uranium metal that has either been processed through an enrichment plant, or has been
produced by the blending of highly enriched uranium with other uranium, to obtain uranium of any U concentration mass
fraction below 20 % (and greater than 15 %) and that is intended for research reactor and generation IV nuclear reactor fuel
fabrication. The scope of this specification includes specifications for enriched uranium metal derived from commercial natural
uranium, recoveredreprocessed uranium, or highly enriched uranium. Commercial natural uranium, recoveredreprocessed uranium
and highly enriched uranium are defined in Section 3. The objectives of this specification are to define the impurity and uranium
isotope limits for commercial grade enriched uranium metal.
1.2 This specification is intended to provide the nuclear industry with a standard for enriched uranium metal which is to be used
in the production of research reactor and generation IV nuclear reactor fuel. In addition to this specification, the parties concerned
may agree to other appropriate conditions.
1.3 The scope of this specification does not comprehensively cover all provisions for preventing criticality accidents or
requirements for health and safety or for shipping. Observance of this standard does not relieve the user of the obligation to
conform to all applicable international, federal, state, and local regulations for processing, shipping, or any other way of using
uranium metal (see, for example, C996 regarding references).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C696 Test Methods for Chemical, Mass Spectrometric, and Spectrochemical Analysis of Nuclear-Grade Uranium Dioxide
Powders and Pellets
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.02 on Fuel and Fertile
Material Specifications.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013Oct. 1, 2021. Published January 2013November 2021. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20082013
as C1462 – 00 (2008).(2013). DOI: 10.1520/C1462-00R13.10.1520/C1462-21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1462 − 21
C799 Test Methods for Chemical, Mass Spectrometric, Spectrochemical, Nuclear, and Radiochemical Analysis of Nuclear-
Grade Uranyl Nitrate Solutions
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
C996 Specification for Uranium Hexafluoride Enriched to Less Than 5 % U
C1233 Practice for Determining Equivalent Boron Contents of Nuclear Materials
C1295 Test Method for Gamma Energy Emission from Fission and Decay Products in Uranium Hexafluoride and Uranyl Nitrate
Solution
C1347 Practice for Preparation and Dissolution of Uranium Materials for Analysis
2.2 ANSI Standard
ANSI-ASME NQA-1 Quality Assurance Program Requirements for Nuclear Facility Applications
2.3 U.S. Government Documents
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 50, (Appendix B)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard—Terms Terms shall be defined in accordance with Terminology C859, except
for the following:
3.1.2 commercial grade enriched uranium metal—metal, n—uranium metal derived from commercial natural uranium,
recoveredreprocessed uranium, or uranium obtained from the blending of highly enriched uranium with commercial natural
uranium, recoveredreprocessed uranium, or depleted uranium.
3.1.3 commercial natural uranium—uranium, n—any form of natural unirradiated uranium (containing 0.711 +0.711 g 6 0.004
g U per 100 g 100 g U).
3.1.4 depleted uranium—uranium, n—any form of unirradiated uranium with a U content mass fraction less than commercial
natural uranium.
3.1.5 highly enriched uranium—uranium, n—any form of uranium having a U content mass fraction equal to or in excess of
20 %.
3.1.6 recovered uranium—reprocessed uranium, n—any form of uranium that has been exposed in a neutron irradiation facility
and either has been subsequently chemically separated from the fission products and transuranic isotopes so generated, or may be
used as is, due to low irradiation levels.
3.1.6.1 Discussion—
The requirements for recoveredreprocessed uranium are intended to be typical of reprocessed spent fuel from research reactors that
have achieved burn-up levels of up to 50 % of the originally contained fissile material or may have been utilized in critical
facilities. It is recognized that different limits would be necessary to accommodate different fuel histories.
3.1.7 For enriched uranium metal transactions, “buyer” usually represents the research reactor operator or the fuel fabricator, and
“seller” usually represents the supplier of the enriched uranium metal.
4. Health Physics Requirements
4.1 For commercia
...

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