ASTM E3070-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Shear Thinning Index of Non-Newtonian Liquids Using a Rotational Viscometer
Standard Test Method for Shear Thinning Index of Non-Newtonian Liquids Using a Rotational Viscometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The flow behavior of many fluids of interest is non-Newtonian in nature. Non-Newtonian behavior is best studied using rheometry apparatus. Nonetheless, estimations on non-Newtonian behavior may be made by recording viscosity at differing rotational speeds (or shear rates) using rotational viscometers.
5.2 The shear thinning index provides a tool for the estimation of the amount of non-Newtonian behavior.
5.3 The shear thinning index may be used in quality assessment, trouble shooting, specification acceptance, and research.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the shear thinning index of a shear-rate dependent (non-Newtonian) fluid using a rotational viscometer. A value of the shear thinning index of unity indicates that the material is Newtonian in behavior. A value greater than unity indicates shear thinning behavior.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: E3070 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Shear Thinning Index of Non-Newtonian Liquids Using a
1
Rotational Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3070; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope including Celsius, non-Newtonian, rheometry, viscosity, and
viscometer.
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
shear thinning index of a shear-rate dependent (non-
3.2.1 shear thinning, n—a decrease in viscosity with in-
Newtonian) fluid using a rotational viscometer. A value of the
creasing shear rate.
shear thinning index of unity indicates that the material is
Newtonian in behavior. A value greater than unity indicates 3.2.2 shear thinning index, n—the ratio of apparent viscos-
ity at two rotational speeds or shear rates.
shear thinning behavior.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4. Summary of Test Method
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. 4.1 For Newtonian fluids, viscosity is independent of shear
rate. Non-Newtonian fluids are those for which the viscosity
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
changes as a function of shear rate. Many materials of interest
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
are non-Newtonian in behavior.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.2 The viscosity of a non-Newtonian fluid is measured at
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
different shear rates and the values compared as their ratio.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
This is known as the shear thinning index. For Newtonian
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- fluids the shear thinning ratio is unity. For non-Newtonian
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
fluids the shear thinning ratio increases with increasing non-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- Newtonian nature.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.3 The shear thinning index of non-Newtonian fluids is
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
determinedbytheratioofviscositymeasurementsmadeattwo
rotational speeds, preferably a decade apart.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
5.1 The flow behavior of many fluids of interest is non-
ology
Newtonian in nature. Non-Newtonian behavior is best studied
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
using rheometry apparatus. Nonetheless, estimations on non-
E2975 Test Method for Calibration or Calibration Verifica-
Newtonian behavior may be made by recording viscosity at
tion of Concentric Cylinder Rotational Viscometers
differing rotational speeds (or shear rates) using rotational
3. Terminology viscometers.
3.1 Definitions—Specific technical terms used in this stan- 5.2 The shear thinning index provides a tool for the estima-
dard method are described in Terminologies E473 and E1142
tion of the amount of non-Newtonian behavior.
5.3 The shear thinning index may be used in quality
1
assessment, trouble shooting, specification acceptance, and
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE37onThermal
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.08 on Rheol-
research.
ogy.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originally
6. Apparatus
approved in 2016 as E3070 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/E3070-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.1 Rotational Viscometer—The essential instrumentation
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
required providing the minimum rotational viscometer analyti-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. cal capabilities include:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3070 − 18
6.1.1 A drive motor, to apply a unidirectional rotational 8.3 Pour a sufficient quantity of the test specimen into the
displacement to the specimen at 5 or more rates of between 0.2 container to cover the immersed spindle to the level indicated
r/min and 200 r/min constant to within 61%. by the operations manual.
6.1.2 Aforce sensor to measure the torque developed by the
8.4 Slowly immerse the spindle into the tes
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E3070 − 16 E3070 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Shear Thinning Index onof Non-Newtonian Liquids Using a
1
Concentric Cylinder Rotational Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3070; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the shear thinning index of a shear-rate dependent (non-Newtonian) fluid
using a cylindrical rotational viscometer. A value of the shear thinning index of unity indicates that the material is Newtonian in
behavior. A value greater than unity indicates shear thinning behavior.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E2975 Test Method for Calibration or Calibration Verification of Concentric Cylinder Rotational Viscometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Specific technical terms used in this standard method are described in Terminologies E473 and E1142
including Celsius, non-Newtonian, rheometery,rheometry, viscosity, and viscometer.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 shear thinning, n—a decrease in viscosity with increasing shear rate, followed by a gradual recovery when the stress or
shear rate is reduced to zero.rate.
3.2.2 shear thinning index, n—the ratio of apparent viscosity at two rotational speeds or shear rates.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 For Newtonian fluids, viscosity is a linear function independent of shear rate. Non-Newtonian fluids are those for which the
viscosity changes as a function of shear rate. Many materials of interest are non-Newtonian in behavior.
4.2 The viscosity of a non-Newtonian fluid is measured at different shear rates and the values compared as their ratio. This is
known as the shear thinning index. For Newtonian fluids the shear thinning ratio is unity. For non-Newtonian fluids the shear
thinning ratio increases with increasing non-Newtonian nature.
4.3 The shear thinning index of non-Newtonian fluids is determined by the ratio of viscosity measurements made at two
rotational speeds, preferably a decade apart.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.08 on Rheology.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016Aug. 1, 2018. Published November 2016October 2018. Originally approved in 2016 as E3070 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/E3070-
16.10.1520/E3070-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3070 − 18
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The flow behavior of many fluids of interest is non-Newtonian in nature. Non-Newtonian behavior is best studied using
rheometry apparatus. Nonetheless, estimations on non-Newtonian behavior may be made by recording viscosity at differing
rotational speeds (or shear rates) using rotational viscometers.
5.2 The shear thinning index provides a tool for the estimation of the amount of non-Newtonian behavior.
5.3 The shear thinning index may be used in quality assessment, trouble shooting, specification acceptance, and research.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Rotational Viscometer—The essential instrumentation required providin
...
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