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ASTM D4765-03

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Fluorides in Workplace Atmospheres

Standard Test Method for Fluorides in Workplace Atmospheres

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The capability of this test method to collect and quantitate both particulate and gaseous fluorides over the ranges normally encountered in industrial atmospheres makes it applicable for industrial hygiene evaluation and control purposes. The recommended range of this test method is from 0.005 to 5 mg F−/m3 air.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the simultaneous collection and separate measurements of gaseous and particulate fluoride found in certain industrial workplaces. The gaseous inorganic fluorides collected are reported in terms of fluoride; the procedure is not applicable to the collection or analysis of other fluoride-bearing gases (for example, fluorocarbon or fluorosulfur compounds). This test method covers sample collection, preparation, and fluoride measurement.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2003
ICS
13.040.30 - Workplace atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.04 - Workplace Air Quality
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4765-98 - Standard Test Method for Fluorides in Workplace Atmospheres
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003
Replaced By
ASTM D4765-03(2008) - Standard Test Method for Fluorides in Workplace Atmospheres
Effective Date
01-Apr-2008

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ASTM D4765-03 - Standard Test Method for Fluorides in Workplace Atmospheres
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4765–03
Standard Test Method for
1
Fluorides in Workplace Atmospheres
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4765; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ashed, and the residue fused with additional alkali. Finally, the
fluoride is determined in a solution of the melt by use of a
1.1 This test method covers the simultaneous collection and
fluorideion-selectiveelectrode.Gaseousfluorideisdetermined
separate measurements of gaseous and particulate fluoride
inanaqueousextractofthecellulosepad,alsobymeansofthe
found in certain industrial workplaces. The gaseous inorganic
fluoride ion-selective electrode.
fluorides collected are reported in terms of fluoride; the
procedureisnotapplicabletothecollectionoranalysisofother
5. Significance and Use
fluoride-bearing gases (for example, fluorocarbon or fluorosul-
5.1 The capability of this test method to collect and quan-
fur compounds). This test method covers sample collection,
titate both particulate and gaseous fluorides over the ranges
preparation, and fluoride measurement.
normally encountered in industrial atmospheres makes it ap-
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
plicableforindustrialhygieneevaluationandcontrolpurposes.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
The recommended range of this test method is from 0.005 to 5
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
− 3
mg F /m air.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6. Interferences
6.1 Because an ion-selective electrode responds to ionic
2. Referenced Documents
2
activity, insoluble and complex forms of fluoride must be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
released by appropriate combinations of fusion, adjustment of
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
pH, and addition of complexing agents.
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling andAnalysis of
6.2 Acidity (pH) and ionic strengths of fluoride standard
Atmospheres
solutions must be matched to those of samples.
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient
6.3 Temperature of sample and standard solutions must be
Atmosphere
controlled within 6 2°C.
D5337 Practice for Flow Rate for Calibration of Personal
Sampling Pumps
7. Apparatus
7.1 Personal Sampling Pump, Equipped with a flow-
3. Terminology
monitoring device (rotameter, critical orifice) or a constant-
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
flow device capable of drawing 2 L/min of air through the
method, refer to Terminology D1356.
0.8-µm membrane filter and pad for a period of 8 h.
4. Summary of Test Method 7.2 Filter Holder—Plasticholdersofthepreloadedpersonal
monitor type, that accept filters of 37-mm diameter, are
4.1 Particulate material from a measured volume of air is
preferred. The holder is to be numbered for identification.
collected by means of a membrane filter. Gaseous fluoride,
7.3 Membrane Filter, of mixed-cellulose esters, 0.8-µm
from the sample of air, is absorbed by an alkali-impregnated
pore size, and of diameter to fit the filter holder (see 7.2).
cellulose pad placed immediately behind the membrane filter.
7.4 Cellulose Pad, of size to fit the filter holder (see 7.2).
The membrane filter and collected solids are made alkaline,
The pad is commercially available as a plain, unpregnated pad
or as an alkali-impregnated pad.
3
7.5 Crucibles, 20-mL, nickel, Inconel, or platinum.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on
7.6 Fluoride Ion-Selective Electrode.
Sampling andAnalysis ofAtmospheres and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
7.7 Reference Electrode,calomeltype,preferablycombined
mittee D22.04 on Workplace Atmospheres.
with the fluoride ion-selective electrode.
Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originally
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D4765–98.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Inconel is a trademark for a group of corrosion-resistant alloys of nickel and
the ASTM website. chromium.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4765–03
7.8 Electrometer or Expanded Scale pH Meter, with a 10. Preparation of Monitors
millivolt scale for measurement of potentials.
10.1 Disassemble the personal monitor (see 7.2), removing
...

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5.1 The health of workers in many industries is at risk through exposure by inhalation to toxic metals. Industrial hygienists and other public health professionals need to determine the effectiveness of measures taken to control workers' exposures, and this is generally achieved by making workplace air measurements. Exposure to some metal-containing particles has been demonstrated to cause dermatitis, skin ulcers, eye problems, chemical pneumonitis, and other physical disorders (16).3  
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5.1 Sulfuric acid is used in the manufacture of fertilizer, explosives, dyestuffs, other acids, parchment paper, glue, lead acid batteries, textiles, etc., and in the pickling of metals.  
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Note 2: In some countries the occupational exposure limit value (OELV) for sulfuric acid is related to the thoracic aerosol fraction; in such cases it is recommended to use a sampler for the thoracic aerosol fraction (ISO 20581).6
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1.1 This ion chromatographic test method describes the determination of sulfuric acid mist in air samples collected from workplace atmospheres on a mixed cellulose ester (MCE) filter.
Note 1: Other filter types such as quartz fiber, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) filters are also suitable.  
1.2 The lower detection limit of this test method is 0.001 mg/sample or 0.017 mg/m3 of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) mist in 60 L of air sampled at 1 L/min.  
1.3 This test method is subject to interference from soluble and partially soluble sulfate salts. Other sulfur-containing compounds can be oxidized to sulfate and also interfere.  
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1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method is intended for use in the determination of beryllium by sampling workplace air and surface dust.  
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1.5 The procedure is suitable for on-site use in the field for occupational and environmental hygiene monitoring purposes. The method is also applicable for use in fixed-site laboratories.  
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1.1 This guide provides criteria to be used in defining strategies for sampling for metals and metalloids on surfaces for workplace health and safety monitoring or evaluation.  
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4.2 For most workplace air sampling purposes, and for the majority of materials sampled, air sampling strategies are matters of choice. Air sampling in the workplace may be done for single or multiple purposes, such as health impact, hazard or risk assessment, compliance assessment, or investigation of complaints. Problems can arise when a single air sampling strategy is expected to satisfy multiple diverse purposes.  
4.2.1 Proper consideration of limitations of cost, space, power requirements, equipment, analytical methods, training and personnel result in a best available strategy for each purpose.  
4.2.2 A strategy designed to satisfy multiple purposes must be a compromise among several alternatives, and will not be optimum for any one purpose; however, the strategy should be appropriate for the intended purpose(s).  
4.2.3 The purpose or purposes for sampling should be explicitly stated before a sampling strategy is selected in order to ensure that the sampling strategy is appropriate for the intended use. Good sampling practice, legal requirements, cost of the sampling program, and the utility of the results may be markedly different for different intended sampling purposes.  
4.3 This guide is intended for use by those who are preparing to evaluate air quality in a work environment of a location by air sampling, or who wish to obtain an understanding of what information can be obtained by carrying out air sampling.  
4.4 This guide should not be used as a stand-alone document to evaluate any given airborne contaminant(s).  
4.5 This guide cannot take the place of sound professional judgment in development and execution of any sampling strategy. In most instances, a strategy based on a standard practice or method will need to be adjusted due to conditions encountered in the field. Documentation of any professional judgments appli...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes criteria to be used in defining air sampling strategies for workplace health and safety monitoring or evaluation. Sampling criteria such as duration, frequency, number, location, method, equipment, and timing are all considered.  
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5.1 There is a need to monitor the content of metals and metalloids in order to determine the presence of potential hazards. Hence, effective and efficient methods are required for the preparation of soil samples for determination of metals and metalloids present therein.  
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5.3 This practice is intended to be used to prepare samples that have been collected for hazard assessment purposes but may be used for other applications such as, for example, monitoring the effectiveness of remediation activities.  
5.4 This practice may be capable of determining metals and metalloids bound within matrices, such as silica, that are not soluble in nitric acid alone.  
5.5 This practice includes drying and homogenization steps to help assure that reported results are representative of the sample and are independent of potential differences in soil moisture levels among different sampling locations or changing weather conditions.
SCOPE
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1.3 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this standard.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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SCOPE
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1.1.2 This test method evaluates the performance of sensors and sensor systems that allow users to collect data in a systemic manner to assess the capabilities and limitations of these devices.  
1.1.3 This test method is not meant to evaluate sensors or sensor systems without data storage and recording capabilities.  
1.1.4 This test method is not intended to evaluate indoor air quality sensors and sensor systems for purposes of regulation of outdoor air, homeland security, law enforcement or forensic activity.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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