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ASTM D7653-10

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Gaseous Contaminants in Hydrogen Fuel by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy

Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Gaseous Contaminants in Hydrogen Fuel by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Fuel cell users have implicated trace impurities in feed gases as compromising the performance and lifespan of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). PEMFCs may be damaged by the presence of some contaminants through poisoning of fuel cell electrode materials therefore detection of these impurities at low concentrations is critical to fuel cell manufacturers and feed gas suppliers in order to support the facilities and infrastructure required for widespread applicability of fuel cells in transportation and energy production. With field-portable equipment, this test method can be used to quickly analyze hydrogen fuel for impurities at vehicle fueling stations or storage tanks used to supply stationary power plants. This test method can also be used by gas suppliers, customers and regulatory agencies to certify hydrogen fuel quality.
Users include hydrogen producers, gaseous fuel custody transfer stakeholders, fueling stations, fuel cell manufacturers, automotive manufacturers, regulators, and stationary fuel cell power plant operators.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method employs an FTIR gas analysis system for the determination of trace impurities in gaseous hydrogen fuels relative to the hydrogen fuel quality limits described in SAE TIR J2719 (April 2008) or in hydrogen fuel quality standards from other governing bodies. This FTIR method is used to quantify gas phase concentrations of multiple target contaminants in hydrogen fuel either directly at the fueling station or on an extracted sample that is sent to be analyzed elsewhere. Multiple contaminants can be measured simultaneously as long as they are in the gaseous phase and absorb in the infrared wavelength region. The detection limits as well as specific target contaminants for this standard were selected based upon those set forth in SAE TIR J2719.
1.2 This test method allows the tester to determine which specific contaminants for hydrogen fuel impurities that are in the gaseous phase and are active infrared absorbers which meet or exceed the detection limits set by SAE TIR J2719 for their particular FTIR instrument. Specific target contaminants include, but are not limited to, ammonia, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, formic acid, methane, ethane, ethylene, propane and water. This test method may be extended to other impurities provided that they are in the gaseous phase or can be vaporized and are active infrared absorbers.
1.3 This test method is intended for analysis of hydrogen fuels used for fuel cell feed gases or for internal combustion engine fuels. This method may also be extended to the analysis of high purity hydrogen gas used for other applications including industrial applications, provided that target impurities and required limits are also identified.
1.4 This test method can be used to analyze hydrogen fuel sampled directly at the point-of-use from fueling station nozzles or other feed gas sources. The sampling apparatus includes a pressure regulator and metering valve to provide an appropriate gas stream for direct analysis by the FTIR spectrometer.
1.5 This test method can also be used to analyze samples captured in storage vessels from point-of-use or other sources. Analysis of the stored samples can be performed either in a mobile laboratory near the sample source or in a standard analytical laboratory.
1.6 A test plan should be prepared that includes (1) the specific impurity species to be measured, (2) the concentration limits for each impurity species, (3) the determination of the minimum detectable concentration for each impurity species as measured on the apparatus before testing.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7.1 Exception—All values are based upon common terms used in the industry of those particular values and when not consistent with SI units, the appropriate SI unit will be includ...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2010
ICS
71.100.20 - Gases for industrial application
Technical Committee
D03 - Gaseous Fuels
Drafting Committee
D03.14 - Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7653-18 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Gaseous Contaminants in Hydrogen Fuel by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy
Effective Date
01-Dec-2018
Referred By
ASTM D7675-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Hydrocarbons in Hydrogen by FID-Based Total Hydrocarbon (THC) Analyzer
Effective Date
01-Sep-2010

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ASTM D7653-10 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Gaseous Contaminants in Hydrogen Fuel by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) SpectroscopyASTM D7653-10 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Gaseous Contaminants in Hydrogen Fuel by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy
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ASTM D7653-10 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Gaseous Contaminants in Hydrogen Fuel by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7653 − 10
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Trace Gaseous Contaminants in Hydrogen
1
Fuel by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7653; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 This test method can also be used to analyze samples
captured in storage vessels from point-of-use or other sources.
1.1 This test method employs an FTIR gas analysis system
Analysis of the stored samples can be performed either in a
for the determination of trace impurities in gaseous hydrogen
mobile laboratory near the sample source or in a standard
fuels relative to the hydrogen fuel quality limits described in
analytical laboratory.
SAE TIR J2719 (April 2008) or in hydrogen fuel quality
standards from other governing bodies. This FTIR method is 1.6 A test plan should be prepared that includes (1) the
used to quantify gas phase concentrations of multiple target specific impurity species to be measured, (2) the concentration
contaminants in hydrogen fuel either directly at the fueling limits for each impurity species, (3) the determination of the
station or on an extracted sample that is sent to be analyzed minimumdetectableconcentrationforeachimpurityspeciesas
elsewhere. Multiple contaminants can be measured simultane- measured on the apparatus before testing.
ouslyaslongastheyareinthegaseousphaseandabsorbinthe
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
infrared wavelength region. The detection limits as well as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
specific target contaminants for this standard were selected
standard.
based upon those set forth in SAE TIR J2719.
1.7.1 Exception—All values are based upon common terms
1.2 This test method allows the tester to determine which used in the industry of those particular values and when not
specific contaminants for hydrogen fuel impurities that are in consistent with SI units, the appropriate SI unit will be
thegaseousphaseandareactiveinfraredabsorberswhichmeet included in parenthesis after the common value usage. (4.4,
or exceed the detection limits set by SAE TIR J2719 for their 7.8, 7.9, 10.5, and 11.6)
particular FTIR instrument. Specific target contaminants
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
include, but are not limited to, ammonia, carbon monoxide,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, formic acid, methane, ethane,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ethylene,propaneandwater.Thistestmethodmaybeextended
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
to other impurities provided that they are in the gaseous phase
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
or can be vaporized and are active infrared absorbers.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 This test method is intended for analysis of hydrogen
2
fuels used for fuel cell feed gases or for internal combustion
2.1 ASTM Standards:
engine fuels.This method may also be extended to the analysis
D5287 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Gaseous Fuels
of high purity hydrogen gas used for other applications
D6348 Test Method for Determination of Gaseous Com-
including industrial applications, provided that target impuri-
pounds by Extractive Direct Interface Fourier Transform
ties and required limits are also identified.
Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy
D7606 Practice for Sampling of High Pressure Hydrogen
1.4 This test method can be used to analyze hydrogen fuel
and Related Fuel Cell Feed Gases
sampled directly at the point-of-use from fueling station
3
2.2 SAE Document:
nozzles or other feed gas sources. The sampling apparatus
SAE TIR J2719 Informational Report on the Development
includes a pressure regulator and metering valve to provide an
of a Hydrogen Quality Guideline for Fuel Cell Vehicles
appropriate gas stream for direct analysis by the FTIR spec-
trometer.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD03onGaseous contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Fuels and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D03.14 on Hydrogen and Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Fuel Cells. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010. Published March 2011. DOI: 10.1520/ Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale,
D7653–10. PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 B
...

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Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Gaseous Contaminants in Hydrogen Fuel by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Fuel cell users have implicated trace impurities in feed gases as compromising the performance and lifespan of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). PEMFCs may be damaged by the presence of some contaminants through poisoning of fuel cell electrode materials; therefore detection of these impurities at low concentrations is critical to fuel cell manufacturers and feed gas suppliers in order to support the facilities and infrastructure required for widespread applicability of fuel cells in transportation and energy production. With field-portable equipment, this test method can be used to quickly analyze hydrogen fuel for impurities at vehicle fueling stations or storage tanks used to supply stationary power plants. This test method can also be used by gas suppliers, customers, and regulatory agencies to certify hydrogen fuel quality.  
5.2 Users include hydrogen producers, gaseous fuel custody transfer stakeholders, fueling stations, fuel cell manufacturers, automotive manufacturers, regulators, and stationary fuel cell power plant operators.
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1.1 This test method employs an FTIR gas analysis system for the determination of trace impurities in gaseous hydrogen fuels relative to the hydrogen fuel quality limits described in SAE TIR J2719 (April 2008) or in hydrogen fuel quality standards from other governing bodies. This FTIR method is used to quantify gas phase concentrations of multiple target contaminants in hydrogen fuel either directly at the fueling station or on an extracted sample that is sent to be analyzed elsewhere. Multiple contaminants can be measured simultaneously as long as they are in the gaseous phase and absorb in the infrared wavelength region. The detection limits as well as specific target contaminants for this standard were selected based upon those set forth in SAE TIR J2719.  
1.2 This test method allows the tester to determine which specific contaminants for hydrogen fuel impurities that are in the gaseous phase and are active infrared absorbers which meet or exceed the detection limits set by SAE TIR J2719 for their particular FTIR instrument. Specific target contaminants include, but are not limited to, ammonia, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, formic acid, methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, and water. This test method may be extended to other impurities provided that they are in the gaseous phase or can be vaporized and are active infrared absorbers.  
1.3 This test method is intended for analysis of hydrogen fuels used for fuel cell feed gases or for internal combustion engine fuels. This method may also be extended to the analysis of high purity hydrogen gas used for other applications including industrial applications, provided that target impurities and required limits are also identified.  
1.4 This test method can be used to analyze hydrogen fuel sampled directly at the point-of-use from fueling station nozzles or other feed gas sources. The sampling apparatus includes a pressure regulator and metering valve to provide an appropriate gas stream for direct analysis by the FTIR spectrometer.  
1.5 This test method can also be used to analyze samples captured in storage vessels from point-of-use or other sources. Analysis of the stored samples can be performed either in a mobile laboratory near the sample source or in a standard analytical laboratory.  
1.6 A test plan should be prepared that includes (1) the specific impurity species to be measured, (2) the concentration limits for each impurity species, and (3) the determination of the minimum detectable concentration for each impurity species as measured on the apparatus before testing.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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5.1 Water vapor is ubiquitous and a basic contaminant in compressed air. It cannot be eliminated but shall be controlled. Knowledge of the vapor content of compressed air is important for industrial processes to ensure that compressors that generate compressed air are functioning properly and equipment and systems that use the compressed air will function properly and maintain high reliability. This test method describes the measurement of water vapor using direct readout electronic instrumentation. Measurements are provided as dew point/frost point and calculations of related unitless quantities (ppm) are provided. Sampling techniques and warnings are provided to reduce false readings caused by contamination from the sampling method. Dry compressed air typically has a frost point between –80 °C and –40 °C (0.5 PPMV to 127 PPMV) at atmospheric pressure.  
5.2 Measurement of moisture in compressed air can be done after regulating the pressure down to ATM or measured at elevated pressure up to the full system pressure. When measurements are made of the actual dew point (for example, condensation) or the related property of vapor pressure, the value of the dew point (and vapor pressure) is directly affected by the sample pressure since the vapor pressure is a component of the total pressure. The relationship between vapor pressure and moisture content (and dew point) is well defined below 5 MPa, but at greater pressures, additional study needs to be done to define this relationship.  
5.3 Electronic moisture analyzers are also used for measuring moisture levels in other gases, including gaseous fuels. See Test Method D5454. In addition, tunable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLAS) is another technology that may be applicable to detecting moisture in compressed air. This technology is already being used in gases. See Test Method D7904.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the water vapor content in compressed air using portable or in-situ electronic moisture analyzers. Such analyzers commonly use sensing cells based on phosphorus pentoxide, P2O5, aluminum oxide, Al2O3, or silicon piezoelectric-type cells or laser-based technologies.  
1.2 This test method is applicable for the range of condensation temperatures from –80 °C to 60 °C.  
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4.4 Because MFG tests are simulations, both the test conditions and the degradation reactions (chemical reaction rate, composition of reaction products, etc.) may not always resemble those found in the service environment of the product being tested in the MFG test. A guide to the selection of simulation conditions suitable for a variety of environments is found in Guide B845.  
4.5 The MFG exposures are generally used in conjunction with procedures which evaluate contact or connector electrical performance such as measurement of electrical contact resistance before and after MFG exposure.  
4.6 The MFG tests are useful for connector systems whose contact surfaces are plated or clad with gold or other precious metal finishes. For such surfaces, environmentally produced failures are often due to high resistance or intermittences caused by the formation of insulating contamination in the contact region. This contamination, in the form of films and hard particles, is generally the result of pore corrosion and corrosion product migration or tarnish creepage from pores in the precious metal coating and from unplated base metal boundaries, if present.  
4.7 The MFG exposures can be used to evaluate novel electrical contact metallization for susceptibility to degradation due to environmental exposure to the test corrosive gases...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides procedures for conducting environmental tests involving exposures to controlled quantities of corrosive gas mixtures.  
1.2 This practice provides for the required equipment and methods for gas, temperature, and humidity control which enable tests to be conducted in a reproducible manner. Reproducibility is measured through the use of control coupons whose corrosion films are evaluated by mass gain, coulometry, or by various electron and X-ray beam analysis techniques. Reproducibility can also be measured by in situ corrosion rate monitors using electrical resistance or mass/frequency change methods.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 5.1.2.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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