ASTM D5312-92(1997)

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Designation: D 5312 – 92 (Reapproved 1997)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Durability of Rock for Erosion Control Under
Freezing and Thawing Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5312; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 This test method is designed to determine the effects of
freezing and thawing action on the individual pieces of rock for
1.1 This test method covers the procedures for evaluating
erosion control and the resistance of the rock to deterioration.
the durability of rock for erosion control when exposed to
This test method was developed to be used in conjunction with
freezing and thawing conditions.
additional test methods listed in Practice D 4992. This test
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
method does not provide an absolute value but rather an
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
indication of the resistance to freezing and thawing; therefore,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the results of this test method are not to be used as the sole
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
basis for the determination of rock durability.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Circular Diamond Saw, 14-in. diameter, capable of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sawing rock, of the type required for Practice D 5121.
D 4992 Practice for Evaluation of Rock to Be Used for
4.2 Freeze-Thaw Chamber or Home Freezer:
Erosion Control
4.2.1 A timer-controlled freeze-thaw chamber specifically
D 5121 Practice for the Preparation of Rock Slabs for
designed for timed cycling of 16 h of freezing at − 186 2.5°C
Durability Testing
(0 6 5°F) followed by a minimum of8hof thawing at 32 6
3. Significance and Use
2.5°C (90 6 5°F) on a daily basis is the most desirable option.
This type of apparatus can be obtained commercially and
3.1 Rock used for erosion control may consist of several
allows for the completion of one freeze-thaw cycle every day
types, depending on potential use. One type may be armor
including weekends and holidays.
stone weighing from one to three tons or breakwater stone
4.2.2 If a freeze-thaw chamber is not available, a standard
weighing three to twenty tons placed along shorelines or in
chest-type home freezer capable of reaching the minimum
jetties to protect the shoreline from erosion due to the action of
temperatures in accordance with 4.2.1 may be used. The
large waves. Another type may be riprap usually weighing less
limitations associated with this option are related to the fact
than one ton and placed along river banks or on the slopes of
that the freeze-thaw cycling must be accomplished manually.
dams to prevent erosion due to run-off, wave action, or
The freezing portion of the cycle will begin when the test
stream-flow. A third type may be gabion-fill weighing less than
specimens are manually placed in the freezer at the end of the
50 lb and placed in baskets of wire or other suitable materials.
workday. The test specimens must be removed at the beginning
These baskets are then tied together to form an integral
of the workday to begin the thawing portion of the cycle. In
structure designed to resist erosion along stream banks and
addition, only four cycles of freezing and thawing may be
around bridge piers. No matter what form it takes, rock for
accomplished during a normal work week since the 16 h of
erosion control consists of individual pieces of natural stone.
freezing may be accomplished only on the first through the
The ability of these individual pieces of stone to resist
fourth nights of the workweek (the fifth night of the workweek
deterioration due to weathering action affects the stability of
would go into the weekend). Thawing will then take place from
the integral placement of rock for erosion control and hence,
Friday morning to Monday evening. This thawing cycle will
the stability of construction projects, shorelines, and stream-
not require the use of an oven.
banks.
4.3 Oven, (if option 4.2.2 is used), capable of holding the
test specimen and its container and of maintaining a constant
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil
temperature of 32 6 2.5°C required for the three thawing
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.17 on Rock for
cycles during the workweek.
Erosion Control.
4.4 Oven, capable of drying the specimen to a constant mass
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 1992. Published December 1992.
at a temperature of 110 6 5°C.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
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D 5312
4.5 Containers, to hold the specimens partially immersed in
an alcohol/water solution, These containers may be stainless
steel or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and may be obtained from a
restaurant supply company.
4.6 Balance, capable of determining the mass of the speci-
men to the nearest 0.1 % of the total mass.
4.7 Camera, capable of producing good quality, color pho-
tographs for “before” and“ after” photographs.
4.8 Stereomicroscope, or other suitable magnifying device,
capable of at least 203 magnification for examination of the
specimen prior to and after testing.
5. Special Solutions
5.1 The special solution required for this test method
consists of a 0.5 % isopropyl alcohol/water solution. This FIG. 1 Isoline Map of the Freeze-Thaw Severity Index
solution may be mixed and stored ahead of time. It will be used
to replenish the solution as the test proceeds. Commercially
8.2 Label each test specimen with a suitable marker. Pho-
available isopropyl alcohol as opposed to reagent grade is
tograph each test specimen using color film and in such a way
suitable.
that the test specimen covers most of the photograph (wet or
partially wet test specimens usually show more detail). Include
6. Sampling
a scale in all photographs.
6.1 The number and variety of samples from a source will
8.3 Dry each slab in an oven to a constant mass (60.1 % of
be dependent on the geological complexity of that source and
total mass) at 110 6 5°C (230 6 9°F) and record. The time
will be left to the judgment of the individual (familiar with test
interval between weighings shall be a minimum of 4 h.
specimen selection) doing the sampling; however, in no case
8.4 Place each test specimen, sawed side down, in a
shall the sample consist of less than five pieces per lithologic
container on a piece of scrap carpeting (synthetic fiber pre-
(rock) unit. Each piece will be of a size such that testing may
ferred). Add enough of the alcohol/water solution to the
proceed without further mechanical crushing; however, th
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