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ASTM C689-03

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Unfired Clays

Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Unfired Clays

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the modulus of rupture of ceramic whiteware clays both dry and after conditioning at 50 or 80 % relative humidity, or both.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2003
ICS
91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
Technical Committee
C21 - Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
Drafting Committee
C21.04 - Raw Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C689-93(1997)e1 - Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Unfired Clays
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003
Replaced By
ASTM C689-03a - Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Unfired Clays
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003

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ASTM C689-03 - Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Unfired ClaysASTM C689-03 - Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Unfired Clays
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ASTM C689-03 - Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Unfired Clays
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 689 – 03
Standard Test Method for
1
Modulus of Rupture of Unfired Clays
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 689; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope sufficient distilled water to give complete dispersion and
produce a slip of sufficient viscosity to avoid noticeable settling
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the modu-
of particles (usually in the range of 25 to 50 percent solids).
lus of rupture of ceramic whiteware clays both dry and after
Slip shall be sieved through a No. 120 (125 μm) sieve or
conditioning at 50 or 80 % relative humidity, or both.
equivalent. After aging 24 h the slip shall be dewatered to a
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
plastic condition preferably by filter pressing. At this point the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
moisture content must be adjusted to optimum conditions for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
forming by some measure of plasticity such as Pfefferkorn
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
apparatus, plumb bob penetration, or other acceptable means.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
After the water of plasticity has been adjusted (usually will
2. Referenced Documents
range from 20 to 50 %), test specimens shall be formed by
extrusion. Where hand-operated extruder is used without
2.1 ASTM Standards:
vacuum, the plastic clay shall be thoroughly hand-wedged to
C 322 Test Method for Sampling Ceramic Whiteware
2
eliminate entrapped air as a preliminary to forming test pieces.
Clays
Where a vacuum extruder is used, a vacuum of not less than 25
3. Apparatus
in. (635 mm) Hg shall be maintained during forming operation.
4.1.1 Clay-Flint Specimens—to be used in the case of
3.1 Conditioning Cabinet—Any suitable airtight cabinet
strong clays that are considered bonding materials. Prepare
with means for circulating air, or vacuum desiccator, wherein
specimens as in 4.1 using a mixture of clay and 200 mesh
prescribed specimens can be conditioned as desired before
potters flint in a 1/1 ratio blend that has been thoroughly dry
testing. Specimens for dry strength shall be stored with silica
mixed.
gel desiccant. Specimens for 50 % relative humidity shall be
4.1.2 Solid Cast Specimens—100 % clay and clay-flint
stored over a saturated solution of sodium dichromate
specimens should be prepared by making a high solids slurry
(Na CR O ·2H O), and specimens for 80 % relative humidity
2 2 7 2
deflocculated to minimum viscosity. Adjust the solids content
shall be stored over a saturated solution of ammonium chloride
of the slurry to obtain a viscosity between 100-500 cps. The
(NH Cl).
4
slurry should be cast in plaster molds until solid, then dried in
3.2 Testing Machine—Any suitable testing machine may be
accordance to the procedure outlined in 4.3 and 4.4.
used, provided a uniform rate of direct loading can be
4.2 Dimension—The test specimens shall be round bars of
maintained at no more than 1 lb/min (4.4 N/min) using the
0.50 (12.8 mm) diameter, and at least 4.5 in. (114 mm) in
prescribed specimens. For the support of the test specimen, two
length to permit an overhang of at least 0.25 in. at each end
steel bars having a diameter of 0.5-in. (12.7-mm) shall be
when mounted on the supports.
provided. The load shall be applied by means of a third steel
4.3 Handling and Warpage—All due precaution shall be
bar having a diameter of 0.5-in. (12.7-mm). All three bars are
observed in the forming and drying to produce straight test
to be smooth polished steel without surface defects such as
specimens. No specimen shall be used that shows a warpage
scratches or gouges.
greater than 1 % of its overall length. The bars shall be checked
4. Test Specimen Preparation
from time to time during drying for straightness, and before
they stiffen, corrective straightening may be encouraged by
4.1 Preparation of Extruded Specimens—100 % clay speci-
rotating the bars so that drying occurs from another surface
men preparation: The test sample shall be blunged with
region. Defective bars due to warpage, flaws, or voids shall be
rejected.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic
4.4 Drying and Storage—The extruded specimens shall be
Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
placed on a lightly oiled pallet and allowed to dry at room
C21.04 on Clays.
atmospheric conditions 68 to 104°F (20 to 40°C) for 24 h. Then
Current edition approved April 10, 2003
...

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Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Unfired Clays

ABSTRACT
This test method details the standard procedure for the determination of modulus of rupture of ceramic whiteware clays, both dry and after conditioning at specified relative humidity, or both. The apparatuses needed for this method are a conditioning cabinet, and a testing machine. Extruded, clay-flint, and solid cast specimens shall be prepared accordingly. Specific procedures as to handling, warpage, drying, and storage, and the corresponding calculations are discussed thoroughly.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The purpose of this test method is to obtain values of rupture modulus of clays before firing, under various processing conditions (relative humidity).
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3.1 Tests run on many clays generally indicate that a straight-line relationship exists between the methylene blue index (MBI) and such fundamental clay properties as cation exchange capacity, dry bond strength, and casting rate. Where the colloidal portion of the clay is kaolinite, there is also a direct correlation with specific surface (as determined by nitrogen adsorption). Where the colloidal portion contains significant amounts of illite or montmorillonite, the same close correlation does not exist. The MBI better correlates with the ceramic-forming properties than does the specific surface.  
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Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing

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4.1 Material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve can be separated from larger particles much more efficiently and completely by wet sieving than through the use of dry sieving. Therefore, when accurate determinations of material finer than 75 μm (No. 200) in fine or coarse aggregate are desired, this test method is used on the sample prior to dry sieving in accordance with Test Method C136/C136M. The results of this test method are included in the calculation in Test Method C136/C136M, and the total amount of material finer than 75 μm (No. 200) by washing, plus that obtained by dry sieving the same sample, is reported with the results of Test Method C136/C136M. Usually, the additional amount of material finer than 75 μm (No. 200) obtained in the dry sieving process is a small amount. If it is large, the efficiency of the washing operation should be checked. It could also be an indication of degradation of the aggregate.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of material finer than a 75-μm (No. 200) sieve in aggregate by washing. Clay particles and other aggregate particles that are dispersed by the wash water, as well as water-soluble materials, will be removed from the aggregate during the test.  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
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4.1 This guide provides guidance as to the appropriate/typical mineralogy observed when iron and steel slag is produced during a variety of processes in the manufacture of iron and steel.  
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1.1 This standard is intended to provide guidance as to the appropriate/typical mineralogy observed when iron and steel slag, produced during the manufacture of iron and steel, is designated as a product. The included information covers the mineral properties of blast furnace slag and steel slag when they are manufactured in conjunction with the production of iron or steel, or both (Note 1).  
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1.1 This guide covers techniques and procedures for the use of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) in the forensic analysis of geological materials (to include soils, rocks, sediments, and materials derived from them such as concrete), to enable non-consumptive identification of solid crystalline materials present as single components or multi-component mixtures.  
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SCOPE
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