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ASTM D8066/D8066M-23

(Practice)

Standard Practice Unnotched Compression Testing of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

Standard Practice Unnotched Compression Testing of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides supplemental instructions for the use of Test Method D6484/D6484M to determine unnotched compressive strength data for material specifications, research and development, material design allowables, and quality assurance. Factors that influence compressive strengths and shall therefore be reported include the following: material, methods of material fabrication, accuracy of lay-up, laminate stacking sequence and overall thickness, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume percent reinforcement. Composite properties in the test direction that may be obtained from this test method include:  
5.1.1 Unnotched compressive (UNC) strength, Fxunc,  
5.1.2 Ultimate compressive strain,  
5.1.3 Compressive (linear or chord) modulus of elasticity, Ec, and  
5.1.4 Poisson's ratio in compression.  
5.2 This practice provides a compression test method for laminates containing fibers in multiple fiber directions, particularly those combining axial (0 degree) fibers and off-axis (± θ degree) fibers. Other compression strength test methods include SACMA SRM-1 (also known as the modified D695), D3410/D3410M, D5467/D5467M, D6641/D6641M, and D7249/D7249M. The SRM-1 test uses 12.6 mm [0.50 in.] wide specimens, which is only appropriate for unidirectional tape, cross-ply [0/90]ns tape, or small unit-cell-size fabrics (e.g. 3K-70-P). Larger cell-size fabrics (for example, spread-tow 12K fabrics) should be tested with wider specimens. The standard D3410/D3410M and D6641/D6641M test fixtures do permit the use of wider specimens, for example, 25.4 mm [1.0 in.] wide, and thus can be used to test laminates containing both axial and off-axis fibers; however their gage lengths are relatively short. Test Method D5467/D5467M is intended to obtain the compressive strength of unidirectional laminates, but is expensive due to the sandwich beam confi...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides instructions for using the Test Method D6484/D6484M open hole compression test fixture to determine unnotched compressive strength of multi-directional laminates. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites in which the laminate is both symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Apr-2023
ICS
83.140.20 - Laminated sheets
Technical Committee
D30 - Composite Materials
Drafting Committee
D30.05 - Structural Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D7249/D7249M-20 - Standard Test Method for Facesheet Properties of Sandwich Constructions by Long Beam Flexure
Effective Date
01-Feb-2020
Refers
ASTM D5229/D5229M-20 - Standard Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Mar-2020

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8066/D8066M − 23
Standard Practice
Unnotched Compression Testing of Polymer Matrix
1
Composite Laminates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8066/D8066M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3410/D3410M Test Method for Compressive Properties of
1.1 This practice provides instructions for using the Test
Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported
Method D6484/D6484M open hole compression test fixture to
Gage Section by Shear Loading
determine unnotched compressive strength of multi-directional
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
laminates. The composite material forms are limited to
Materials
continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites in
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
which the laminate is both symmetric and balanced with
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Prop-
respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.
Composite Materials
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
D5467/D5467M Test Method for Compressive Properties of
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
Unidirectional Polymer Matrix Composite Materials Us-
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
ing a Sandwich Beam
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
D6484/D6484M Test Method for Open-Hole Compressive
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
from the two systems shall not be combined.
D6507 Practice for Fiber Reinforcement Orientation Codes
1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in
for Composite Materials
brackets.
D6641/D6641M Test Method for Compressive Properties of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Polymer Matrix Composite Materials Using a Combined
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Loading Compression (CLC) Test Fixture
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D7249/D7249M Test Method for Facesheet Properties of
priate safety, health and environmental practices and deter-
Sandwich Constructions by Long Beam Flexure
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
E132 Test Method for Poisson’s Ratio at Room Temperature
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ASTM Test Methods
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating
2. Referenced Documents
to high-modulus fibers and their composites, as well as terms
2.1 ASTM Standards:
relating to structural sandwich constructions. Terminology
D695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
D883 defines terms relating to plastics. Terminology E6 defines
Plastics
terms relating to mechanical testing. Terminology E456 and
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
Practice E177 define terms relating to statistics. In the event of
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
a conflict between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have
precedence over the other standards.
1
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard—
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on
NOTE 1—If the term represents a physical quantity, its analytical
Structural Test Methods.
dimensions are stated immediately following the term (or letter symbol) in
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D8066/D8066M – 17. fundamental dimension form, using the following ASTM International
DOI: 10.1520/D8066_D8066M-23. standard symbology for fundamental dimensions, shown within square
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

--------
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8066/D8066M − 17 D8066/D8066M − 23
Standard Practice
Unnotched Compression Testing of Polymer Matrix
1
Composite Laminates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8066/D8066M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice provides instructions for using the Test Method D6484D6484/D6484M open hole compression test fixture to
determine unnotched compressive strength of multi-directional laminates. The composite material forms are limited to
continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites in which the laminate is both symmetric and balanced with respect to the
test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not beare not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall
be used independently of the other. Combiningother, and values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
standard. shall not be combined.
1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3410/D3410M Test Method for Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported Gage
Section by Shear Loading
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on Structural Test
Methods.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2017May 1, 2023. Published September 2017June 2023. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as
D8066/D8066M – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D8066_D8066M-17.10.1520/D8066_D8066M-23.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8066/D8066M − 23
D5467/D5467M Test Method for Compressive Properties of Unidirectional Polymer Matrix Composite Materials Using a
Sandwich Beam
D6484/D6484M Test Method for Open-Hole Compressive Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
D6507 Practice for Fiber Reinforcement Orientation Codes for Composite Materials
D6641/D6641M Test Method for Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials Using a Combined Loading
Compression (CLC) Test Fixture
D7249/D7249M Test Method for Facesheet Properties of Sandwich Constructions by Long Beam Flexure
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E132 Test Method for Poisson’s Ratio at Room Temperature
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating to high-modulus fibers and their composites, as well as terms relating
to structural sandwich constructions. Terminology D883 defines terms relating to plastics. Terminology E6 defines terms relating
to mechanical testing. Terminology E456 and Practice E177 define terms relating to statistics. In the event of a conflict between
terms, Terminology D3878 shall have precedence over the other standards.
3.2 Defini
...

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1.2 This test method presents two procedures where each defines a different test control parameter.  
1.2.1 Procedure A—A system in which the test control parameter is the load (stress) and the machine is controlled so that the test specimen is subjected to repetitive constant amplitude load cycles. In this procedure, the test control parameter may be described using either engineering stress or applied load as a constant amplitude fatigue variable.  
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1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown ...

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ASTM
ASTM D5450/D5450M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Transverse Tensile Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite Cylinders

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to produce transverse tensile property data for material specifications, research and development, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. Factors which influence the transverse tensile response and should, therefore, be reported are: material, methods of material preparation, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, void content, and fiber volume fraction. Properties, in the test direction, which may be obtained from this test method include:  
5.1.1 Transverse Tensile Strength,    
5.1.2 Transverse Tensile Strain at Failure,    
5.1.3 Transverse Tensile Modulus of Elasticity,  E22, and  
5.1.4 Poisson's Ratio,  υ21.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the transverse tensile properties of wound polymer matrix composites reinforced by high-modulus continuous fibers. It describes testing of hoop wound (90°) cylinders in axial tension for determination of transverse tensile properties.  
1.2 The technical content of this test method has been stable since 1993 without significant objection from its stakeholders. As there is limited technical support for the maintenance of this test method, changes since that date have been limited to items required to retain consistency with other ASTM D30 Committee standards, including editorial changes and incorporation of updated guidance on specimen preconditioning and environmental testing. The test method, therefore, should not be considered to include any significant changes in approach and practice since 1993. Future maintenance of the test method will only be in response to specific requests and performed only as technical support allows.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3171-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A constituent content of a composite material must be known in order to analytically model the material properties (mechanical, physical, thermal, or electrical) of the composite which are affected by the reinforcement or matrix. Also, knowledge of the constituent content is required for evaluation of the quality of a fabricated material and the processes used during fabrication.  
5.2 The void volume of a composite material may significantly affect some of its mechanical properties. Higher void volumes usually mean lower fatigue resistance, greater susceptibility to moisture penetration and weathering, and increased variation or scatter in strength properties. Knowledge of the void volume of a composite material is desirable as an indication of the quality of a composite.  
5.3 Reinforcement content may be used to normalize mechanical properties affected by amount of reinforcement in the coupon.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine the constituent content of composite materials by one of two approaches. Test Method I physically removes the matrix by digestion or ignition or carbonization by one of eight procedures, leaving the reinforcement essentially unaffected and thus allowing calculation of reinforcement or matrix content (by weight or volume) as well as percent void volume. Test Method II, applicable only to laminate materials of known fiber areal weight, calculates reinforcement or matrix content (by weight or volume), and the cured ply thickness, based on the measured thickness of the laminate. Test Method II is not applicable to the measurement of void volume.  
1.1.1 These test methods are primarily intended for two-part composite material systems. However, special provisions can be made to extend these test methods to filled material systems with more than two constituents, though not all test results can be determined in every case.  
1.1.2 The procedures contained within have been designed to be particularly effective for certain classes of polymer or metal matrices. The suggested applications are discussed in Section 4, as well as at the start of each procedure.  
1.1.3 Test Method I assumes that the reinforcement is essentially unaffected by the digestion or ignition medium or carbonization. A procedure for correction of the results for minor changes in the reinforcement is included. Procedures A through F are based on chemical removal of the matrix, while Procedure G removes the matrix by igniting the matrix in a furnace. Procedure H carbonizes the matrix in a furnace.  
1.1.4 Test Method II assumes that the fiber areal weight of the reinforcement material form is known or controlled to an acceptable tolerance. The presence of voids is not measured. Eq 15 and 16 assume zero void content to perform the calculation.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  See Section 9 for additional information.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8387/D8387M-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for High Bypass – Low Bearing Interaction Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to produce low bearing / high bypass interaction response data for research and development, and for structural design and analysis. The standard configuration for this procedure is very specific and is intended as a baseline configuration for developing structural design data. The high bypass/low bearing double-shear hardpoint configuration is recommended for determining the effect of low bearing stress levels on bypass strength. While a similar single-shear configuration could be tested, there is insufficient experience with a single-shear configuration to recommend its use at this time.  
5.2 General factors that influence the mechanical response of composite laminates and should therefore be reported include the following: material, methods of material preparation and lay-up, specimen stacking sequence, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, time held at test temperature, void content, and volume percent reinforcement.  
5.3 Specific factors that influence the bearing/bypass interaction response of composite laminates and should therefore be reported include not only loading type (tension or compression) but the following: edge distance ratio, width to diameter ratio, diameter to thickness ratio, fastener torque, fastener or pin material, fastener or pin clearance. Properties, in the test direction, which may be obtained from this test method include the following:  
5.3.1 Filled hole tensile bearing/bypass strength.  
5.3.2 Filled hole compressive bearing/bypass strength.  
5.3.3 Bearing stress/bypass strain curve.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the uniaxial high bypass - low bearing interaction response of multi-directional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers using a two-fastener hard point joint specimen. The scope of this test method is limited to net section (bypass) failure modes. Standard specimen configurations using fixed values of test parameters are described for this procedure. A number of test parameters may be varied within the scope of the standard, provided that the parameters are fully documented in the test report. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1. This test method was previously published under Test Method D7248/D7248M-17 Procedure C.  
1.2 This test method is consistent with the recommendations of Composite Materials Handbook, CMH-17, which describes the desirable attributes of a bearing/bypass interaction response test method.  
1.3 The two-fastener test configurations described in this test method are intended to provide data in the relatively high bypass, low bearing part of the composite bolted joint bearing-bypass interaction diagram. This data complements the data from filled hole tension and compression (Practice D6742/D6742M), bearing (Test Method D5961/D5961M), and low bypass/high bearing interaction (Test Method D7248/D7248M) tests.  
1.4 This test method requires careful specimen design, instrumentation, data measurement, and data analysis. The use of this test method requires close coordination between the test requestor and the test lab personnel. Test requestors need to be familiar with the data analysis procedures of this test method and should not expect test labs who are unfamiliar with this test method to be able to produce acceptable results without close coordination.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used indepe...

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ASTM
ASTM D4255/D4255M-20e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for In-Plane Shear Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials by the Rail Shear Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These shear tests are designed to produce in-plane shear property data for material specifications, research and development, and design. Factors that influence the shear response and should therefore be reported include: material, methods of material preparation and lay-up, specimen stacking sequence, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and fiber volume reinforcement content. Properties that may be measured by this test method include:  
5.1.1 In-plane shear stress versus engineering shear strain response,  
5.1.2 In-plane shear chord modulus of elasticity,  
5.1.3 Offset shear stress, and  
5.1.4 Maximum in-plane shear stress. In cases in which the engineering shear strain at failure is greater than 5 %, the shear stress corresponding to 5 % engineering shear strain should be reported.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the in-plane shear properties of high-modulus fiber-reinforced composite materials by either of two procedures. In Procedure A, laminates clamped between two pairs of loading rails are tested. When loaded in tension, the rails introduce shear forces in the specimen. In Procedure B, laminates clamped on opposite edges with a tensile or compressive force applied to a third pair of rails in the center are tested.  
1.2 Application of this test method is limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites in the following material forms:  
1.2.1 Laminates composed only of unidirectional fibrous laminae, with the fiber direction oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the fixture rails.  
1.2.2 Laminates composed only of woven fabric filamentary laminae with the warp direction oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the fixture rails.  
1.2.3 Laminates of balanced and symmetric construction, with the 0° direction oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the fixture rails.  
1.2.4 Short-fiber-reinforced composites with a majority of the fibers being randomly distributed.
Note 1: Additional test methods for determining in-plane shear properties of polymer matrix composites may be found in Test Methods D3518/D3518M, D5379/D5379M, D5448/D5448M, and D7078/D7078M.  
1.3 The reproducibility of this test method can be affected by the presence of shear stress gradients in the gage section and stress concentrations at the gripping areas. Test Methods D5379/D5379M and D7078/D7078M provide superior shear response in comparison to this test method, as their specimen configurations produce a relatively pure and uniform shear stress state in the gage section.  
1.4 The technical content of this standard has been stable since 2001 without significant objection from its stakeholders. As there is limited technical support for the maintenance of this standard, changes since that date have been limited to items required to retain consistency with other ASTM D30 Committee standards, including editorial changes and incorporation of updated guidance on micrometers and calipers, strain gage requirements, speed of testing, specimen preconditioning and environmental testing. Future maintenance of the standard will only be in response to specific requests and performed only as technical support allows.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5.1 Within the text the inch-pounds units are shown in brackets.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and envi...

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