ASTM D2573/D2573M-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Field Vane Shear Test in Saturated Fine-Grained Soils
Standard Test Method for Field Vane Shear Test in Saturated Fine-Grained Soils
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides an indication of in-situ undrained shear strength of saturated fine-grained soils (clays and silts) or other saturated fine-grained geomaterials, such as mine tailings and organic muck. The test is applicable to soils with undrained strengths of less than 200 kPa [2 tsf]. Very sensitive soils can be remolded during vane insertion.
5.2 This test method is used extensively in a variety of geotechnical explorations to evaluate rapid loading strength for total stress analysis of saturated fine-grained clays and silts. Since vane shear strength values are most always higher than field strengths for analyses (5.3) they often are checked or compared with other methods of measuring undrained shear strength. Cone Penetrometer Tests (Test Method D5778) and Unconsolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression (D2850) tests are most often performed for direct comparison to the vane shear strength data. Unconfined Compression (D2166) testing could also be performed, but suffers from many possible errors from disturbance especially in fissured clays, and should only be performed with experience. For more information on how these tests are used for soft ground site exploration refer to Ladd and DeGroot.(1)4
5.3 The peak undrained shear resistance of the vane test is commonly corrected to determine the undrained shear strength for geotechnical analysis. The agency requesting the testing must interpret these data to determine applicability for strength analysis. It is beyond the scope of this standard to recommend applicability of vane testing for geotechnical analysis. For information on the general use of these correction factors, consult Appendix X1.
5.4 This method is not applicable in unsaturated soils or in non-plastic silts, sands, gravels, or other high permeability soils. With the shearing rates described in this standard, sand lenses, if present, will allow total or partial drainage. Unsaturated soils and soils with higher permeability, in r...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the field vane test in saturated clay and silt soils for determination of undrained shear strength. Knowledge of the nature of the soil in which each vane test is to be made is necessary for assessment of the applicability and interpretation of the test. The test is not applicable for sandy soils or non-plastic silts, which may allow drainage during the test.
1.2 This test method addresses testing on land and for testing in drill holes or by self-drilling or continuous push methods from the ground surface. This method does not address specifically marine testing where special test requirements or variations in equipment may be required. The user is referred to ASTM STP 1014 for additional information on in-place vane shear testing used in marine exploration.2
1.3 This method is often used in conjunction with fluid rotary drilling (D5783), hollow-stem augers (D6151), or cone penetration testing (D5778). Some apparatuses have the vane retracted in a protective shoe for advancement and incremental testing. Sampling, such as with thin wall tubes (D1587) is often combined with vane testing. Subsurface geotechnical explorations are reported in accordance with Practice (D5434).
1.4 Undrained shear strength and sensitivity of cohesive soils can also be measured in Laboratory Vane Test (D4648).
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.
1.5.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of fo...
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Designation: D2573/D2573M − 15
Standard Test Method for
1
Field Vane Shear Test in Saturated Fine-Grained Soils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2573/D2573M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* (lbf)representsaunitofforce(weight),whiletheunitformass
isslugs.Therationalizedslugunitisnotgiven,unlessdynamic
1.1 This test method covers the field vane test in saturated
(F = ma) calculations are involved.
clay and silt soils for determination of undrained shear
strength. Knowledge of the nature of the soil in which each 1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
vane test is to be made is necessary for assessment of the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
applicability and interpretation of the test. The test is not Practice D6026.
applicableforsandysoilsornon-plasticsilts,whichmayallow 1.6.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
drainage during the test. recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the
industry standard. In addition they are representative of the
1.2 This test method addresses testing on land and for
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
testing in drill holes or by self-drilling or continuous push
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
methods from the ground surface. This method does not
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
address specifically marine testing where special test require-
ations for the user’s objectives, and it is common practice to
ments or variations in equipment may be required. The user is
increase or reduce significant digits or reported data to be
referred to ASTM STP 1014 for additional information on
2
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
in-place vane shear testing used in marine exploration.
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical
1.3 This method is often used in conjunction with fluid
methods for engineering design.
rotary drilling (D5783), hollow-stem augers (D6151), or cone
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
penetration testing (D5778). Some apparatuses have the vane
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
retractedinaprotectiveshoeforadvancementandincremental
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
testing.Sampling,suchaswiththinwalltubes(D1587)isoften
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
combined with vane testing. Subsurface geotechnical explora-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tions are reported in accordance with Practice (D5434).
1.4 Undrained shear strength and sensitivity of cohesive
2. Referenced Documents
soils can also be measured in Laboratory Vane Test (D4648).
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded sepa-
Fluids
rately as standard.The values in each system may not be exact
D1587Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for
equivalents;therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependently
Geotechnical Purposes
of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
D2166Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength
result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of test
of Cohesive Soil
results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as noncon-
D2488Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
formance with this test method.
(Visual-Manual Procedure)
1.5.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used
D2850Test Method for Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial
when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound
Compression Test on Cohesive Soils
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and
Related Field Testing for Soil Evaluations.
3
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2015.PublishedJuly2015.Originallyapproved For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2573–08. DOI: 10.1520/ contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
D2573_D2573M-15. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
2
ASTM STP 1014 on Vane Shear Strength Testing in Soi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2573 − 08 D2573/D2573M − 15
Standard Test Method for
Field Vane Shear Test in Cohesive SoilSaturated Fine-
1
Grained Soils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2573;D2573/D2573M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the field vane test in saturated clay and silt soils for determination of undrained shear strength.
Knowledge of the nature of the soil in which each vane test is to be made is necessary for assessment of the applicability and
interpretation of the test. The test is not applicable for sandy soils or non-plastic silts, which may allow drainage during the test.
1.2 This test method addresses testing on land and for testing in drill holes or by self drilling self-drilling or continuous push
methods from the ground surface. This method does not address specifically marine testing where special test requirements or
variations in equipment may be required. The user is referred to ASTM STP 1014 for additional information on in-place vane shear
2
testing.testing used in marine exploration.
1.3 This method is often used in conjunction with fluid rotary drilling (D5783) or ), hollow-stem augers (D6151), or cone
penetration testing (D5778). Some apparatuses have the vane retracted in a protective shoe for advancement and incremental
testing. Sampling, such as with thin wall tubes (D1587) is often combined with vane testing. Subsurface geotechnical explorations
are reported in accordance with practicePractice (D5434).
1.4 Undrained shear strength and sensitivity of cohesive soils can also be measured in Unconfined Compression D2166 and
Laboratory Vane Test (D4648).
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded as the standard.
English (Imperial) units are given in parentheses.separately as standard. The values in each system may not be exact equivalents;
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in
non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with
this test method.
1.5.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf)
represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F =
ma) calculations are involved.
1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/ recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives,
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits or reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and Related
Field Testing for Soil Evaluations.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008July 1, 2015. Published October 2008July 2015. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 20072008 as
D2573 – 01 (2007).D2573 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/D2573-08.10.1520/D2573_D2573M-15.
2
ASTM STP 1014 on Vane Shear Strength Testing in Soils (1988).
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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