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ASTM D6360-07

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposures of Plastics

Standard Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposures of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The ability of a plastic material to resist deterioration of its electrical, mechanical, and optical properties caused by exposure to light, heat, and water can be very significant for many applications. This practice is intended to induce property changes associated with end-use conditions, including the effects of sunlight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena such as atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure. (Warning—Variation in results may be expected when operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this practice; therefore, no reference to the use of this practice shall be made unless accompanied by a report prepared in accordance with Section 9 that describes the specific operating conditions used. Refer to Practice G 151 for detailed information on the caveats applicable to use of results obtained in accordance with this practice.)
Note 2—Additional information on sources of variability and on strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution, and data analysis of laboratory-accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G 141.
Reproducibility of test results between laboratories has been shown to be good when the stability of materials is evaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to other materials or to a control; therefore, exposure of a similar material of known performance (a control) at the same time as the test materials is strongly recommended.3 ,4 It is recommended that at least three replicates of each material be exposed to allow for statistical evaluation of results.
Test results will depend upon the care that is taken to operate the equipment in accordance with Practice G 153. Significant factors include regulation of line voltage, freedom from salt or other deposits from water, temperature and humidity control, and conditions of the electrodes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test conditions that are applicable for exposure of plastics in enclosed carbon-arc devices conducted in accordance with Practices G 151 and G 153. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test conditions suited for plastics, and the evaluation of test results.
1.2 This practice does not cover filtered open-flame carbon-arc exposures of plastics, which are covered in Practice D 1499. Practice D 5031 describes enclosed carbon-arc exposures of paints and related coatings.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1
There is no known ISO equivalent to this practice.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2007
ICS
83.080.01 - Plastics in general
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.50 - Durability of Plastics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6360-99 - Standard Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposures of Plastics
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM G178-16(2023) - Standard Practice for Determining the Activation Spectrum of a Material (Wavelength Sensitivity to an Exposure Source) Using the Sharp Cut-On Filter or Spectrographic Technique
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM D1047-21 - Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Jacket for Wire and Cable
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM D1248-16 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion Materials for Wire and Cable
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4976-12a(2020) - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM D1499-13(2021) - Standard Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Plastics
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4000-23 - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM D5870-22 - Standard Practice for Calculating Property Retention Index of Plastics
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007

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ASTM D6360-07 - Standard Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposures of Plastics
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6360 − 07
StandardPractice for
1
Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposures of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6360; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* G141Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testing
of Nonmetallic Materials
1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test condi-
G147Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetal-
tions that are applicable for exposure of plastics in enclosed
lic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
carbon-arc devices conducted in accordance with Practices
G151PracticeforExposingNonmetallicMaterialsinAccel-
G151 and G153. This practice also covers the preparation of
erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
test specimens, the test conditions suited for plastics, and the
G153Practice for Operating Enclosed Carbon Arc Light
evaluation of test results.
Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
1.2 This practice does not cover filtered open-flame carbon-
G169Guide for Application of Basic Statistical Methods to
arcexposuresofplastics,whicharecoveredinPracticeD1499.
Weathering Tests
Practice D5031 describes enclosed carbon-arc exposures of
paints and related coatings.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 The definitions in Terminology G113 are applicable to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
this practice.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Significance and Use
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this practice.
4.1 The ability of a plastic material to resist deterioration of
its electrical, mechanical, and optical properties caused by
2. Referenced Documents
exposure to light, heat, and water can be very significant for
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
manyapplications.Thispracticeisintendedtoinduceproperty
D1499Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Expo-
changes associated with end-use conditions, including the
sures of Plastics
effects of sunlight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in
D3980Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and
thispracticeisnotintendedtosimulatethedeteriorationcaused
3
Related Materials (Withdrawn 1998)
by localized weather phenomena such as atmospheric
D5031Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposure Tests of
pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.
Paint and Related Coatings
(Warning—Variation in results may be expected when oper-
D5870Practice for Calculating Property Retention Index of
ating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this
Plastics
practice;therefore,noreferencetotheuseofthispracticeshall
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
be made unless accompanied by a report prepared in accor-
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
dance with Section 9 that describes the specific operating
G113Terminology Relating to Natural andArtificialWeath-
conditions used. Refer to Practice G151 for detailed informa-
ering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
tion on the caveats applicable to use of results obtained in
accordance with this practice.)
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlasticsand
NOTE 2—Additional information on sources of variability and on
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.50 on Durability of Plastics.
strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution, and data
Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published March 2007. Originally
analysis of laboratory-accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D6360-99. DOI:
10.1520/D6360-07.
2 4.2 Reproducibility of test results between laboratories has
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
been shown to be good when the stability of materials is
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
evaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to other
the ASTM website.
3 materials or to a control; therefore, exposure of a similar
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. material of known performance (a control) at the same time as
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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4.1 The test methods are intended to be rapid empirical tests which have been found to be useful in the relative comparison of materials having the same nominal thickness.
Note 2: When the plastic material contains plasticizer, loss from the plastic is assumed to be primarily plasticizer. The effect of moisture is considered to be negligible.  
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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of volatile loss from a plastic material under defined conditions of time and temperature, using activated carbon as the immersion medium.  
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ASTM D883-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics

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1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical terms used in the plastics industry. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.  
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1.6.5 For terms related to plastic piping systems, the applicable definitions are contained in Terminology F412.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic materials using very small amounts of material. The data obtained is used for quality control, research and development, as well as the establishment of optimum processing conditions.  
5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive method for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus these variables can be used to provide graphical representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosetting resin system), and damping behavior under specified conditions.  
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5.3 This test method can be used to assess:  
5.3.1 Modulus as a function of temperature,  
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5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives which might affect processability or performance,  
5.3.7 The effects of annealing on modulus and glass transition temperature,  
5.3.8 The effect of aspect ratio on the modulus of fiber reinforcements, and  
5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives on modulus and glass transition temperature.  
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1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for gathering and reporting the viscoelastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular specimens molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The tensile data generated is used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastic material or composition using a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments.  
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1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz.  
1.4 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily absolute property values.  
1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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1.5 This test method also provides for testing flexible sheet or film materials, while supported vertically.  
1.6 This test method is also suitable, in some cases, for cellular materials having an apparent density of less than 15 kg/m3.
Note 1: Although this test method has been found applicable for testing some other materials, the precision of the test method has not been determined for these materials, or for specimen geometries and test conditions outside those recommended herein.  
1.7 This test method measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statement are given in Section 10.  
1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
Note 2: This test method and ISO 4589-2 are technically equivalent when using the gas measurement and control device described in 6.3.1, with direct oxygen concentration measurement.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D695-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Compression tests provide information about the compressive properties of plastics when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made.  
4.2 Compressive properties include modulus of elasticity, yield stress, deformation beyond yield point, and compressive strength (unless the material merely flattens but does not fracture). Materials possessing a low order of ductility may not exhibit a yield point. In the case of a material that fails in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength has a very definite value. In the case of a material that does not fail in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength is an arbitrary one depending upon the degree of distortion that is regarded as indicating complete failure of the material. Many plastic materials will continue to deform in compression until a flat disk is produced, the compressive stress (nominal) rising steadily in the process, without any well-defined fracture occurring. Compressive strength can have no real meaning in such cases.  
4.3 Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.  
4.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the ASTM specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there is no material specification, then the default conditions apply. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed. This procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and including 41,370 MPa (6,000,000 psi).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1: For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforcements, tests may be made in accordance with Test Method D3410/D3410M or D6641/D6641M.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 13.1.
Note 2: This standard is equivalent to ISO 604.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1929-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tests made under conditions herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing the relative ignition characteristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the material under the conditions of this test. Test values are expected to rank materials according to ignition susceptibility under actual use conditions.  
4.2 This test is not intended to be the sole criterion for fire hazard. In addition to ignition temperatures, fire hazards include other factors such as burning rate or flame spread, intensity of burning, fuel contribution, products of combustion, and others.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire test response test method2 covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Caution—During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that have the potential to be hazardous to personnel.  
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.3 and 1.4.
Note 1: This test method and ISO 871-2022 (Option 1) are similar in all technical details.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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