ASTM C110-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
Standard Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
ABSTRACT
These test methods cover physical testing of quicklime, hydrated lime, and limestone. Plastic property testing shall include test methods for standard consistency and plasticity of lime putty, water retention of hydrated lime, and air entrainment. Soundness testing shall include test methods for autoclave expansion, and popping and pitting of hydrated lime. Application testing shall include test methods for slaking rate of quicklime, dry brightness of pulverized limestone, limestone grindability determination by the laboratory ball mill method, and settling rate of hydrated lime. Particle size analysis shall include test methods for residue and sieve analysis, fineness of pulverized quicklime and hydrated lime by air permeability, particle size of pulverized limestone, and dry screening of hydrated lime, pulverized quicklime, and limestone by air jet sieving. Density measurement shall include the following test methods: apparent loose density, and apparent packed density of hydrated lime, pulverized quicklime, and limestone; specific gravity of hydrated lime products; and wet sieve analysis of agricultural liming materials.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover physical testing of quicklime and hydrated lime, and of limestone not otherwise covered in ASTM standards.2
Note 1: Quicklime and hydrated lime have a high affinity for moisture and carbon dioxide. Caution should be taken to protect both hydrated and quicklime during sampling, storage, and testing (see Practice C50).
1.2 The test procedures appear in the following order:
Plastic Property Testing
Section
Standard Consistency of Lime Putty
5
Plasticity of Lime Putty
6
Water Retention of Hydrated Lime
7
Air Entrainment
8
Soundness Testing
Autoclave Expansion of Hydrated and Hydraulic Lime
9
Popping and Pitting of Hydrated Lime
10
Application Testing
Slaking Rate of Quicklime
11
Dry Brightness of Pulverized Limestone
12
Limestone Grindability Determination by the Laboratory Ball Mill Method
13
Settling Rate of Hydrated Lime
14
Particle Size Analysis
Residue and Sieve Analysis
15
Sieve Analysis of Dry Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
16
Fineness of Pulverized Quicklime and Hydrated Lime by Air Permeabiity
17
Particle Size of Pulverized Limestone
18
Dry Screening of Hydrated Lime, Pulverized Quicklime, and Limestone by Air Jet Sieving
19
Wet Sieve Analysis of Agricultural Liming Materials
20
Density Measurement
Apparent Loose Density of Hydrated Lime, Pulverized Quicklime, and Limestone
21
Apparent Packed Density of Hydrated Lime, Pulverized Quicklime, and Limestone
22
Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Hydrated Lime Products
23
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:C110 −14
StandardTest Methods for
Physical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and
Limestone
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C110; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
tion only and are not considered standard.
1.1 These test methods cover physical testing of quicklime
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and hydrated lime, and of limestone not otherwise covered in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ASTM standards.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE1—Quicklimeandhydratedlimehaveahighaffinityformoisture
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and carbon dioxide. Caution should be taken to protect both hydrated and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
quicklime during sampling, storage, and testing (see Practice C50).
1.2 The test procedures appear in the following order:
2. Referenced Documents
Plastic Property Testing Section
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Standard Consistency of Lime Putty 5
Plasticity of Lime Putty 6
C28/C28MSpecification for Gypsum Plasters
Water Retention of Hydrated Lime 7
C50Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging,
Air Entrainment 8
and Marking of Lime and Limestone Products
Soundness Testing
Autoclave Expansion of Hydrated and Hydraulic Lime 9
C51Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used
Popping and Pitting of Hydrated Lime 10
by the Industry)
Application Testing
C91Specification for Masonry Cement
Slaking Rate of Quicklime 11
Dry Brightness of Pulverized Limestone 12
C109/C109MTest Method for Compressive Strength of
Limestone Grindability Determination by the Laboratory Ball Mill 13
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
Method
Specimens)
Settling Rate of Hydrated Lime 14
Particle Size Analysis
C136Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
Residue and Sieve Analysis 15
Aggregates
Sieve Analysis of Dry Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime 16
C150Specification for Portland Cement
Fineness of Pulverized Quicklime and Hydrated Lime by Air 17
Permeabiity
C185Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement
Particle Size of Pulverized Limestone 18
Mortar
Dry Screening of Hydrated Lime, Pulverized Quicklime, and 19
Limestone by Air Jet Sieving C188Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
Wet Sieve Analysis of Agricultural Liming Materials 20
C192/C192MPracticeforMakingandCuringConcreteTest
Density Measurement
Specimens in the Laboratory
Apparent Loose Density of Hydrated Lime, Pulverized Quicklime, 21
and Limestone C204Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by
Apparent Packed Density of Hydrated Lime, Pulverized 22
Air-Permeability Apparatus
Quicklime, and Limestone
C207Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Pur-
Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Hydrated Lime Products 23
poses
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
C230/C230MSpecification for Flow Table for Use in Tests
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
of Hydraulic Cement
C231Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on
crete by the Pressure Method
Lime and Limestone and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.06 on
C305Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
Physical Tests.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originally
approved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C110–11. DOI:
10.1520/C0110-14. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Fortestsonlimestoneasaggregate,seeVol04.02ofthe Annual Book of ASTM contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards. For tests on limestone as building stone, see Vol 04.05 of the Annual Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Book of ASTM Standards. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C110−14
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency 5.1.1 In order to measure certain physical properties of a
C430Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the lime putty, such as plasticity, it is necessary to have a uniform
45-µm (No. 325) Sieve or standard consistency (viscosity), since the property mea-
C472Test Methods for Physical Testing of Gypsum, Gyp- surement is affected by the consistency level.
sum Plasters and Gypsum Concrete
5.2 Apparatus:
C595Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
5.2.1 Modified Vicat Apparatus—The apparatus, con-
C670Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
structed as shown in Fig. 1, shall consist of a bracket, A,
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
bearing a movable brass rod, B, 6.3 mm in diameter and of
C702PracticeforReducingSamplesofAggregatetoTesting
suitable length to fit the Vicat bracket.Aplunger, C, 12.5 mm
Size
in diameter, made of aluminum tubing, shall be attached to the
C778Specification for Sand
lower end of the rod. The total weight of the rod with plunger
C1005Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for
shall be 30 g. The lower end of the plunger shall be closed
Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical
withoutshouldersorcurvatureandthetubemaybeloadedwith
Testing of Hydraulic Cements
shottothespecifiedweight.Thetotalweightrequiredmayalso
C1107Specification for Packaged Dry, Hydraulic-Cement
beobtainedbymeansofaweight, D,screwedintotherod.The
Grout (Nonshrink)
rodcanbeheldinanypositionbymeansofascrew, E,andhas
D75Practice for Sampling Aggregates
a mark midway between the ends which moves under a scale,
E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
F, graduated in millimetres, attached to the bracket, A.
Sieves
5.2.2 Mold—The conical ring mold shall be made of a
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
noncorroding, nonabsorbent material, and shall have an inside
Determine Conformance with Specifications
diameter of 70 mm at the base and 60 mm at the top, and a
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
height of 40 mm.
ASTM Test Methods
5.2.3 Base Plate—The base plate for supporting the ring
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
mold shall be of plate glass and about 100 mm square.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
5.2.4 Mechanical Mixers.
3. Terminology
5.3 Standard Consistency Determination:
5.3.1 Mechanical Mixing Procedure Using the Vac-U-
3.1 Definitions—Unless otherwise specified, for definitions
Mixer—To a measured amount of water contained in an
of terms used in this standard see Terminology C51.
800-cm Vac-U-Mix bowl, add 300 g of hydrated lime and
4. General Procedures
hand mix for 10s with a stiff spatula (Note 2). Cover putty to
4.1 Sampling—Samples of lime and limestone for physical
analysis shall be taken and prepared in accordance with the
requirements of Practice C50 applicable to the material to be
tested.
4.2 Calculation:
4.2.1 Thecalculationsincludedintheindividualprocedures
sometimes assume that the exact weight specified has been
used. Accurately weighed samples which are approximately
but not exactly equal to the weight specified may be used
provided appropriate corrections are made in the calculation.
Unless otherwise stated, weights of all samples and residues
should be recorded to the nearest 0.0001 g.
4.2.2 In all mathematical operations on a set of observed
values,theequivalentoftwomoreplacesoffiguresthaninthe
single observed values shall be retained. For example, if
observed values are read or determined to the nearest 0.1 mg,
carry numbers to the nearest 0.001 mg in calculation.
4.3 Rounding Figures—Rounding of figures to the nearest
significantplacerequiredinthereportshouldbedoneafterthe
calculations are completed, in order to keep the final results
free from calculation errors. The rounding procedure should
follow the principle outlined in Practice E29.
PLASTIC PROPERTY TESTING
5. Standard Consistency of Lime Putty
5.1 Significance and Use: FIG. 1 Modified Vicat Apparatus
C110−14
prevent evaporation of water. After the applicable soaking
period, 30 min maximum for Type S, special hydrated lime,
and not less than 16 h nor more than 24 h for Type N, normal
hydratedlime,insertthepaddleassemblyandmixtheputtyfor
30 s with the mechanical mixer. Remove the paddle assembly
andscrapedownanyputtyadheringtoitandtothesidesofthe
mixing bowl. Remix for 30 s and determine the consistency as
prescribed in 5.3. If the penetration is less than 15 mm, return
all of the material to the mixer bowl, add additional water, and
remix for 15 s. If the penetration is greater than 25 mm, repeat
the test.
NOTE 2—Most lime hydrates will require 250 to 300 mL of water to
produceaputtyofproperconsistencyforthistestif300goflimeareused.
5.3.2 Mechanical Mixing Procedure Using the Hobart N-50
Mixer—To a measured amount of water contained in the N-50
mixingbowl,add600gofhydratedlimeandhandmixfor10s
withastiffspatula(Note3).Coverputtytopreventevaporation
ofwater.Aftertheapplicablesoakingperiod,30minmaximum
for Type S, special hydrated lime, and not less than 16 h nor
more than 24 h for Type N, normal hydrated lime, insert the
paddle assembly and mix the putty for 1 min at a slow speed.
Stopthemixerandscrapedownthepaddleandthesidesofthe
Constants of the Machine:
mixing bowl. Remix for 4 min at a slow speed. Determine the Absorption of Porcelain and Plaster Base Plate—minimumof40gin24h.For
rate of absorption of base plates see 6.2.3.2.
consistencyasprescribedin5.3.3.Ifthepenetrationislessthan
Dimension of Base Plate—25 mm (1 in.) in thickness by 100 mm (4 in.) in
15 mm, return all of the material to the mixing bowl, add
diameter.
additional water, and remix for 15 s. If the penetration is more
1 1
Dimensions of Disk—0.8to12.7mm( ⁄32 to ⁄2 in.) in thickness by 76 mm (3
than 25 mm, repeat the test. in.) in diameter.
Speed of Vertical Shaft—1 revolution in 6 min, 40 s.
NOTE 3—Most lime hydrates will require 500 to 600 mL of water to Torque on Disk when Bob Reading is 100—1.41 N·m.
produceaputtyofproperconsistencyforthistestif600goflimeareused.
FIG. 2 Emley Plasticimeter
5.3.3 Consistency Determination—To determine
consistency, place the mold with its larger end resting on the
6.2.1 Determine the plasticity of lime putty using the
glass base plate and fill with the lime putty.Then strike off the
plasticimeter shown in Fig. 2.
putty flush with the top of the mold. Center the lime putty,
6.2.2 Cleaning and Care of Base Plates—Base plates may
confined in the ring mold resting on the plate, under the rod of
be made of porcelain or plaster. In making the plasticity
themodifiedVicatapparatus(Fig.1).Bringtheplungerend, C,
determinations, much of the success attainable depends upon
in contact with the surface of the lime putty and take an initial
the condition of the base plates. In the case of porcelain plates
reading.Releasetherodandtakethefinalreading30safterthe
which are reused, improper cleaning results in clogging of the
plunger is released. The lime putty is of standard consistency
poreswithreductionintherateofabsorption.Afteraporcelain
whenapenetrationof20 65mmisobtained.Recordboththe
plate has been used, wipe the excess lime off and immerse the
total amount of water required to bring the putty to standard
plate in clear water for not less than 2 h, after which transfer it
consistency and the actual penetration. Proceed with the
without drying to a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl,
plasticity determination in accordance with 6.3.
1+9) where it shall be kept immersed for another 2 h. Then
5.4 Precision and Bias:
transfer to a receptacle containing running water for at least
5.4.1 Theprecisionandbiasofthistestmethodhasnotbeen
1h. The plate is then free of acid.After the removal of excess
determined.
water, place the plate in an oven overnight at a temperature of
between 100 and 110°C (212 and 230°F) for drying. Before
6. Plasticity of Lime Putty
using,cooltheplatetoroomtemperature.Inthecaseofplaster
base plates, dry the base plates prior to use in plasticity or
6.1 Significance and Use:
absorption testing in an oven at a temperature between 37.8
6.1.1 This test method provides a measure of the degree of
and 48.9°C (100 and 120°F) until they achieve a constant
stiffening of lime putty of standard consistency as water is
withdrawn from it by a standard suction base plate.
The sole source of supply of the Emley Plasticimeter known to the committee
6.1.2 Plasticity is an important property when applying
at this time is Geotest Instrument Corporation, 910 University Place, Evanston, IL
mixturescontaininglimeputtytoporousorabsorptivesurfaces
60201, USA. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this
information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
such as in plastering, stuccoing, and masonry construction.
careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee , which
6.2 Apparatus: you may attend.
C110−14
weight. Before using, cool the plaster plate to room tempera- and start the motor. It is essential that the motor be started
ture in a dessicator charged with a drying agent. If the plate is exactly120safterthefirstportionofthepastehasbeenplaced
not to be used immediately after reaching room temperature, in the mold. Record the time when the first portion of paste is
continue to store the plate in the dessicator until such time that placed in the mold as zero time; the motor is therefore started
it is to be used. Plaster base plates shall not be reused after at 2 min. Take care to protect the specimen from drafts during
plasticity, total absorption or rate of absorption testing (see the test.
6.2.3). 6.3.2 Record the scale reading at 1-min intervals until the
6.2.3 Absorption of Plasticimeter Base Plates: test is completed. Consider the test complete when: (1) the
6.2.3.1 Total Absorption—Plasticimeter base plates when scale reading reaches 100, (2) any reading is less than the one
immersed in water at room temperature for a period of 24 h before, or (3) the scale reading remains constant for three
shall absorb not less than 40 g of water. Before making the consecutive readings (2 min) and the specimen has vi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C110 − 11 C110 − 14
Standard Test Methods for
Physical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and
Limestone
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C110; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 These test methods cover physical testing of quicklime and hydrated lime, and of limestone not otherwise covered in ASTM
standards.
NOTE 1—Quicklime and hydrated lime have a high affinity for moisture and carbon dioxide. Caution should be taken to protect both hydrated and
quicklime during sampling, storage, and testing (see Practice C50).
NOTE 1—Quicklime and hydrated lime have a high affinity for moisture and carbon dioxide. Caution should be taken to protect both hydrated and
quicklime during sampling, storage, and testing (see Practice C50).
1.2 The test procedures appear in the following order:
Plastic Property Testing Section
Standard Consistency of Lime Putty 5
Plasticity of Lime Putty 6
Water Retention of Hydrated Lime 7
Air Entrainment 8
Apparent Loose Density of Hydrated Lime, Pulverized 20
Quicklime, and Limestone
Soundness Testing
Apparent Packed Density of Hydrated Lime, Pulverized 21
Quicklime, and Limestone
Autoclave Expansion of Hydrated 9
and Hydraulic Lime
Autoclave Expansion of Hydrated Lime 9
Popping and Pitting of Hydrated Lime 10
Application Testing
Slaking Rate of Quicklime 11
Dry Brightness of Pulverized Limestone 12
Limestone Grindability Determination by the Laboratory Ball Mill 13
Method
Settling Rate of Hydrated Lime 14
Particle Size Analysis
Dry Screening by Air Jet Sieve 18
Residue and Sieve Analysis 15
Fineness of Pulverized Quicklime and Hydrated Lime by Air 16
Permeability
Sieve Analysis of Dry Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime 16
Limestone Grindability 13
Fineness of Pulverized Quicklime and Hydrated Lime by Air 17
Permeabiity
Particle Size of Pulverized Limestone 17
Particle Size of Pulverized Limestone 18
Plasticity of Lime Putty 6
Dry Screening of Hydrated Lime, Pulverized Quicklime, and 19
Limestone by Air Jet Sieving
Popping and Pitting of Hydrated Lime 10
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on Lime and Limestone and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.06 on Physical
Tests.
Current edition approved June 1, 2011Dec. 1, 2014. Published August 2011December 2014. Originally approved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 20102011
as C110C110 – 11.–10. DOI: 10.1520/C0110-11.10.1520/C0110-14.
For tests on limestone as aggregate, see Vol 04.02 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. For tests on limestone as building stone, see Vol 04.05 of the Annual Book
of ASTM Standards.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C110 − 14
Wet Sieve Analysis of Agricultural Liming Materials 20
Residue and Sieve Analysis 15
Density Measurement
Settling Rate of Hydrated Lime 14
Apparent Loose Density of Hydrated Lime, Pulverized Quicklime, 21
and Limestone
Slaking Rate of Quicklime 11
Specific Gravity of Hydrated Lime Products 22
Apparent Packed Density of Hydrated Lime, Pulverized 22
Quicklime, and Limestone
Standard Consistency of Lime Putty 5
Water Retention of Hydrated Lime 7
Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Hydrated Lime Products 23
Wet Sieve Analysis of Agricultural Liming Materials 19
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C28/C28M Specification for Gypsum Plasters
C50 Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging, and Marking of Lime and Limestone Products
C51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used by the Industry)
C91 Specification for Masonry Cement
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
C204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air-Permeability Apparatus
C207 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Purposes
C230/C230M Specification for Flow Table for Use in Tests of Hydraulic Cement
C231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
C430 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45-μm (No. 325) Sieve
C472 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Gypsum, Gypsum Plasters and Gypsum Concrete
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
C778 Specification for Sand
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical Testing of
Hydraulic Cements
C1107 Specification for Packaged Dry, Hydraulic-Cement Grout (Nonshrink)
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Unless otherwise specified, for definitions of terms used in this standard see Terminology C51.
4. General Procedures
4.1 Sampling—Samples of lime and limestone for physical analysis shall be taken and prepared in accordance with the
requirements of Practice C50 applicable to the material to be tested.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
C110 − 14
4.2 Calculation:
4.2.1 The calculations included in the individual procedures sometimes assume that the exact weight specified has been used.
Accurately weighed samples which are approximately but not exactly equal to the weight specified may be used provided
appropriate corrections are made in the calculation. Unless otherwise stated, weights of all samples and residues should be recorded
to the nearest 0.0001 g.
4.2.2 In all mathematical operations on a set of observed values, the equivalent of two more places of figures than in the single
observed values shall be retained. For example, if observed values are read or determined to the nearest 0.1 mg, carry numbers
to the nearest 0.001 mg in calculation.
4.3 Rounding Figures—Rounding of figures to the nearest significant place required in the report should be done after the
calculations are completed, in order to keep the final results free from calculation errors. The rounding procedure should follow
the principle outlined in Practice E29.
PLASTIC PROPERTY TESTING
5. Standard Consistency of Lime Putty
5.1 Significance and Use:
5.1.1 In order to measure certain physical properties of a lime putty, such as plasticity, it is necessary to have a uniform or
standard consistency (viscosity), since the property measurement is affected by the consistency level.
5.2 Apparatus:
5.2.1 Modified Vicat Apparatus—The apparatus, constructed as shown in Fig. 1, shall consist of a bracket, A, bearing a movable
brass rod, B, 6.3 mm in diameter and of suitable length to fit the Vicat bracket. A plunger, C, 12.5 mm in diameter, made of
aluminum tubing, shall be attached to the lower end of the rod. The total weight of the rod with plunger shall be 30 g. The lower
end of the plunger shall be closed without shoulders or curvature and the tube may be loaded with shot to the specified weight.
The total weight required may also be obtained by means of a weight, D, screwed into the rod. The rod can be held in any position
by means of a screw, E, and has a mark midway between the ends which moves under a scale, F, graduated in millimetres, attached
to the bracket, A.
5.2.2 Mold—The conical ring mold shall be made of a noncorroding, nonabsorbent material, and shall have an inside diameter
of 70 mm at the base and 60 mm at the top, and a height of 40 mm.
5.2.3 Base Plate—The base plate for supporting the ring mold shall be of plate glass and about 100 mm square.
5.2.4 Mechanical Mixers.
FIG. 1 Modified Vicat Apparatus
C110 − 14
5.3 Standard Consistency Determination:
5.3.1 Mechanical Mixing Procedure Using the Vac-U-Mixer—To a measured amount of water contained in an 800-cm
Vac-U-Mix bowl, add 300 g of hydrated lime and hand mix for 10 s 10 s with a stiff spatula (Note 2). Cover putty to prevent
evaporation of water. After the applicable soaking period, 30 min maximum for Type S, special hydrated lime, and not less than
16 h nor more than 24 h for Type N, normal hydrated lime, insert the paddle assembly and mix the putty for 30 s with the
mechanical mixer. Remove the paddle assembly and scrape down any putty adhering to it and to the sides of the mixing bowl.
Remix for 30 s and determine the consistency as prescribed in 5.3. If the penetration is less than 15 mm, return all of the material
to the mixer bowl, add additional water, and remix for 15 s. If the penetration is greater than 25 mm, repeat the test.
NOTE 2—Most lime hydrates will require 250 to 300 mL of water to produce a putty of proper consistency for this test if 300 g of lime are used.
5.3.2 Mechanical Mixing Procedure Using the Hobart N-50 Mixer—To a measured amount of water contained in the N-50
mixing bowl, add 600 g of hydrated lime and hand mix for 10 s 10 s with a stiff spatula (Note 3). Cover putty to prevent
evaporation of water. After the applicable soaking period, 30 min 30 min maximum for Type S, special hydrated lime, and not less
than 16 h nor more than 24 h for Type N, normal hydrated lime, insert the paddle assembly and mix the putty for 1 min at a slow
speed. Stop the mixer and scrape down the paddle and the sides of the mixing bowl. Remix for 4 min at a slow speed. Determine
the consistency as prescribed in 5.3.3. If the penetration is less than 15 mm, return all of the material to the mixing bowl, add
additional water, and remix for 15 s. If the penetration is more than 25 mm, repeat the test.
NOTE 3—Most lime hydrates will require 500 to 600 mL of water to produce a putty of proper consistency for this test if 600 g of lime are used.
5.3.3 Consistency Determination—To determine consistency, place the mold with its larger end resting on the glass base plate
and fill with the lime putty. Then strike off the putty flush with the top of the mold. Center the lime putty, confined in the ring mold
resting on the plate, under the rod of the modified Vicat apparatus (Fig. 1). Bring the plunger end, C, in contact with the surface
of the lime putty and take an initial reading. Release the rod and take the final reading 30 s after the plunger is released. The lime
putty is of standard consistency when a penetration of 20 6 5 mm is obtained. Record both the total amount of water required to
bring the putty to standard consistency and the actual penetration. Proceed with the plasticity determination in accordance with 6.3.
5.4 Precision and Bias:
5.4.1 The precision and bias of this test method has not been determined.
Constants of the Machine:
Absorption of Porcelain and Plaster Base Plate—minimum of 40 g in 24 h. For rate of
absorption of base plates see 6.2.3.2.
Dimension of Base Plate—25 mm (1 in.) in thickness by 100 mm (4 in.) in
diameter.
1 1
Dimensions of Disk—0.8 to 12.7 mm ( ⁄32 to ⁄2 in.) in thickness by 76 mm (3 in.) in diameter.
Speed of Vertical Shaft—1 revolution in 6 min, 40 s.
Torque on Disk when Bob Reading is 100—1.41 N·m.
FIG. 2 Emley Plasticimeter
C110 − 14
6. Plasticity of Lime Putty
6.1 Significance and Use:
6.1.1 This test method provides a measure of the degree of stiffening of lime putty of standard consistency as water is withdrawn
from it by a standard suction base plate.
6.1.2 Plasticity is an important property when applying mixtures containing lime putty to porous or absorptive surfaces such
as in plastering, stuccoing, and masonry construction.
6.2 Apparatus:
6.2.1 Determine the plasticity of lime putty using the plasticimeter shown in Fig. 2.
6.2.2 Cleaning and Care of Base Plates—Base plates may be made of porcelain or plaster. In making the plasticity
determinations, much of the success attainable depends upon the condition of the base plates. In the case of porcelain plates which
are reused, improper cleaning results in clogging of the pores with reduction in the rate of absorption. After a porcelain plate has
been used, wipe the excess lime off and immerse the plate in clear water for not less than 2 h, after which transfer it without drying
to a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl, 1 + 9) where it shall be kept immersed for another 2 h. Then transfer to a receptacle
containing running water for at least 1 h. 1 h. The plate is then free of acid. After the removal of excess water, place the plate in
an oven overnight at a temperature of between 100 and 110 °C 110°C (212 and 230 °F) 230°F) for drying. Before using, cool the
plate to room temperature. In the case of plaster base plates, dry the base plates prior to use in p
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