ASTM D3437-99

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 3437 – 99
Standard Practice for
Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3437; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope OSHA Regulations, 29CFR paragraphs 1910.1000 and
1910.2000
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling and han-
OSHA Benzene Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1028
dling several liquid cyclic products. These specifically cover
U.S. DOT Regulations, 49 CFR Transportation, Subchapter
liquids at ambient temperature and include benzene, toluene,
C, Parts 171-180
xylenes, cyclohexane, styrene, pyridine, ethylbenzene, isopro-
DOT/USCG 46 CFR Subchapter O, Part 171
pylbenzene, and alpha-methylstyrene.
1.2 Any person sampling and handling these products
3. Significance and Use
should have specific first aid instructions and equipment
3.1 This practice is issued to provide information useful in
available for use in the event of personal contact or exposure.
establishing sampling and handling procedures. It is expected
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
that this information will only be utilized in conjunction with
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
an existing health and safety program. The information pro-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
vided herein cannot be used as a substitute for expert safety and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
medical advice, but rather as a supplement to such advice.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
statements, see Sections 5, 6 and 7.
4. Description of Products (See Table 1)
4.1 These liquids are marketed in different grades of purity
2. Referenced Documents
so the physical properties may vary slightly.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 4.2 The products listed in Table 1 are classified by the
D 56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester
Department of Transportation as flammable liquids, and con-
D 850 Test Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic
3 tainers must bear flammable liquid labels. Trucks and tank cars
Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
must have flammable liquid placards.
D 3505 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of
3 4.2.1 These products are ordinarily transported in steel
Pure Liquid Chemicals
drums, tank cars, tank trucks, barges and ships.
E 300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
4.2.2 While these products are dangerous when handled
2.2 American National Standards Institute Standard:
improperly, their unloading need not be hazardous providing
Z 288.1 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code
6 the hazards are recognized and handling instructions are rigidly
2.3 API Document:
observed.
RP-500A Classification of Locations for Electrical Installa-
6 4.3 Products shipped by air must be packaged to meet IATA
tions in Petroleum Refineries
and ICAO requirements.
2.4 Other Documents:
5. Hazards
5.1 Health—Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s
Material Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on Aromatic
Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
materials used in this practice.
mittee D16.08 on Handling and Sampling Aromatic and Cyclic Hydrocarbons.
5.2 Fire:
Current edition approved June 10, 1999. Published August 1999. Originally
5.2.1 All of these liquids introduce a potential fire hazard
published as D 3437 – 78. Last previous edition D 3437 – 95.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. where they are stored, handled, or used.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
5.2.2 Vapors of all of these materials can form explosive
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.
mixtures with air.
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
5.2.3 Foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or water fog can
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Available from American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L St. NW, Washington, DC
be used in fighting fires of these products. Special alcohol-type
20005.
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 3437
TABLE 1 Physical Properties
C
Flash Point Reid Vapor Relative Odor Explosion Explosion Ignition
Boiling Solidification
D B B B B
Closed Cup, Pressure Density, Threshold, Limit Limit Temperature °F
A B
Product Point, Point,
B
°C Characteristics, 15.56/15.56°C ppm Lower Higher
°C °C
psia
Benzene 80 5.5 −11 3.22 0.88 4.7 1.3 7.9 1097
Cyclohexane 80 6.6 −17 3.3 0.78 2.5 1.3 8.4 518
Ethylbenzene 136 −95 15 0.4 0.87 140 1.0 6.7 860
Isopropylbenzene 152 −96 46 0.5 0.87 1.2 0.9 6.5 797
Pyridine 115 −42 20 0.77 0.99 0.02 1.8 12.4 900
Styrene 145 −30 31 0.27 0.91 0.15 1.1 6.1 914
Toluene 110 −95 4 1.1 0.87 0.17 1.3 7.0 997
Xylene (mixed) 137 to 144 −65 27 0.4 0.87 0.05 1.0 7.0 977
o−Xylene 144 −25 17 0.28 0.88 0.05 1.1 7.0 869
p−Xylene 138 13 27 0.34 0.87 0.05 1.1 6.6 870
alpha-Methyl Styrene 165 −23 45 0.23 0.91 <10 1.9 6.1 1066
A
See Test Method D 850.
B
Weiss, G., Hazardous Chemicals Data Book, Second Edition.
C
See Test Method D 56.
D
See Test Method D 3505.
foam is required to extinguish effectively a fire involving 7.5 Do not permit workmen to enter an empty storage
pyridine. vessel, barge, ship, tank car, or tank truck until it has been
5.3 For chemical emergency (spill, leak, fire, exposure, thoroughly washed out with warm water, followed by a
accident), call CHEMTREC day or night at 1-800-424-9300. thorough steaming, and the tank atmosphere analyzed for
For emergency calls outside the United States, call 703-527- oxygen as well as flammables. Entry should not be made
3887. (Collect calls are accepted and all calls are recorded.) without respiratory protection if the vapor space is not in
compliance with OSHA TWA values. SUPERVISOR’S AP-
6. Protection Equipment
PROVAL FOR ENTRY IS REQUIRED IN EVERY CASE.
6.1 Employees who work with the chemicals listed in Table
7.6 Employees handling benzene must be trained annually
1 should be trained and should maintain safe working condi-
to meet the requirements of OSHA Benzene Standard (29 CFR
tions. Persons working with these chemicals require eye, face,
1910.1028) and wear the respiratory protection listed.
body protection, and, for benzene, various types of respiratory
7.7 Employees shall:
protection that is dictated by the amount of exposure. Consult
7.7.1 Know the hazards connected with the handling of
MSDS for more specific recommendations.
specific products;
6.2 Personal protective equipment is not an adequate sub-
7.7.2 Be completely acquainted with the purpose, use, and
stitute for good safe working conditions, proper ventilation,
maintenance of personal protective equipment;
and intelligent conduct. Correct usage of protection equipment
7.7.3 Be trained to report promptly to supervision all
requires education in proper use.
suspected leaks or equipment failures;
7.7.4 Be trained to recognize and report any symptoms of
7. Safety Precautions
systemic poisoning or skin contact; be thoroughly trained in the
7.1 Unloading, loading and sampling operations must be
proper procedures for administering first aid and for obtaining
conducted by carefully instructed employees and only when
professional medical help;
adequate lighting is provided.
7.7.5 Know and routinely practice the accepted methods of
7.2 Be sure that the storage tank is safely vented before
sampling and handling these materials in order to avoid spilling
connecting the unloading line.
or splashing, leaks, skin contact, vapor or mist inhalation, or
7.3 Take extreme care to prevent spills and leaks. In case
ingestion;
material is spilled, wash contaminated areas thoroughly with
7.7.6 Be completely familiar with the location and operation
large quantities of water and collect the liquid in the plant
of safety showers, eye baths, hose lines, and all other first aid
chemical waste system. All spill-related activities should com-
equipment; and
ply with applicable EPA, OSHA and local regulations and
7.7.7 Know the importance of personal cleanliness and the
laws.
necessity for immediate removal of clothing contaminated with
7.4 Because of the flammability of vapors, do not permit
these products.
sparks or open flames in the vicinity of barges, ships, tank cars,
tank trucks, drums, or storage tanks. All electrical equipment 8. Unloading and Sampling of Tank Cars
and wiring shall be of a type specified by and shall be installed
8.1 Unloading:
in accordance with the National Electrical Code after deter-
8.1.1 Because of the flammable properties of these materi-
mining whether or not the operation is carried out in a
als, the unloading of tank cars containing chemicals is a
classified or unclassified area for electrical installations. Elec-
hazardous operation. Carefully read and follow all shipper’s
trically bond tank cars, tank trucks, and drums by an approved
instructions and all caution markings on both sides of the tank
method. Smoking is absolutely prohibited.
and dome.
8.1.2 Before removing the manhole cover or outlet valve
NOTE 1—See API-RP500A and ANSI Z 288.1, Chapters VI and VIII,
on electric installations. cap, relieve the tank car of all internal pressure by venting the
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 3437
tank. This can be accomplished by raising the safe
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