ASTM C654-19

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C654 − 15 C654 − 19
Standard Specification for
Porous Concrete Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C654; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This specification covers porous nonreinforced concrete pipe for use in underdrains.
1.2 A complete metric companion to this specification has been developed— 654M; therefore, no metric equivalents are
presented in this specification.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete
C1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.
4. Classification
4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this specification shall be of two classes identified as “Standard-Strength Porous
Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe” and “Extra-Strength Porous Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe.”
5. Basis of Acceptance
5.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined by the results of the strength and porosity or rate of infiltration tests, and
by inspection to determine whether the pipe conforms to this specification as to design and freedom from defects.
5.2 The pipe shall be acceptable under the strength tests when they have met the requirements as prescribed in Section 10.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 on Non-Reinforced
Concrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015July 15, 2019. Published October 2015July 2019. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20112015 as
C654 – 11.C654 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/C0654-15.10.1520/C0654-19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C654 − 19
TABLE 1 Physical and Dimensional Requirements of Porous Concrete Pipe
A A
Internal Designated Minimum Wall Thickness, Minimum Laying Length Minimum Socket Depth, Minimum Strength Three- Minimum Infiltration
T
Diameter, D Ls Edge-Bearing
in. in. in. in. lbf/ft gal/min·ft
4 1 24 1 1000 4
6 1 24 1 1100 6
1 1
8 1 ⁄4 24 1 ⁄4 1300 8
1 1
10 1 ⁄8 24 1 ⁄8 1400 10
1 1
12 1 ⁄2 24 1 ⁄2 1500 12
3 3
15 1 ⁄4 24 1 ⁄4 1750 15
18 2 24 2 2000 18
1 1
21 2 ⁄4 24 2 ⁄4 2200 21
1 1
24 2 ⁄2 24 2 ⁄2 2400 24
A
Normally the minimum laying length is 24 in. in length, but if the owner has no objections, then 18-in. length pipe up to 12 in. in diameter shall be acceptable.
5.3 Acceptance as to Infiltration Properties—Pipe shall be acceptable under the infiltration test when all test pipe conform to
the test requirements as prescribed in Section 10.
6. Materials
6.1 Concrete—The concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, admixtures, if used, and water.
6.2 Cementitious Materials:
6.2.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150/C150M or shall be
portland blast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestone cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of
Specification C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland–pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.
6.2.2 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.
6.2.3 Slag Cement—Slag cement shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989/C989M.
6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials—The combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete shall
be one of the following:
6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,
6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,
6.2.4.3 Portland-pozzolan cement only,
6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only,
6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash,
6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and slag cement,
6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement, fly ash, and slag cement, or
6.2.4.8 A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and fly ash.
6.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to the requirements of Specification C33/C33M, except that the requirement for
gradation shall not apply.
6.4 Admixtures—The following admixtures and blends are allowable:
6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification C260/C260M;
6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification C494/C494M;
6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and
6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.
6.5 Fibers—Synthetic fibers and nonsynthetic fibers shall be allowed to be used, at the manufacturer’s option, in concrete pipe
as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (Type I) designed and
manufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116/C1116M shall be
accepted.
6.6 Water—Water used in the production of concrete shall be potable or nonpotable water that meets the requirements of
Specification C1602/C1602M.
7. Design
7.1 Design Tables—Design requirements shall be in accordance with Table 1 and Table 2 and Fig. 1. Wall thickness used shall
be not less than the value shown, except as affected by the tolerance herein specified.
8. Joints
8.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the concrete pipe sections so formed that the pipe can be laid together
to make a continuous line of pipe compatible with the permissible variations given in Section 7.
C654 − 19
TABLE 2 Physical and Dimensional Requirements of Extra-Strength Porous Concrete Pipe
Internal Designated Minimum Wall Minimum Laying Minimum Socket Minimum Strength Minimum
A
Diameter, D Thickness, T Length Depth, Ls Three-Edge-Bearing Infiltration
in. in. in. in. lbf/ft gal/min·ft
1 1
8 1 ⁄2 24 1 ⁄2 2600 8
5 5
10 1 ⁄8 24 1 ⁄8 2800 10
12 2 24 2 3000 12
1 1
15 2 ⁄4 24 2 ⁄4 3200 15
1 1
18 2 ⁄2 24 2 ⁄2 3200 18
A
Normally the minimum laying length is 24 in. in length, but if the owner has no objections, then 18-in. length pipe up to 12 in. in diameter shall be acceptable.
NOTE 1—See Table 1 and Table 2 for values of D, T, and Ls.
FIG. 1 Joint Dimensions
9. Manufacture
9.1 Mixture—The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materials
and water as will produce a homogeneous concrete mixture of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test and design
requirements of this specification.
9.2 Curing—Pipe shall be subjected to any one of the methods of curing described in 9.2.1 through 9.2.3, or to any other method
or combination of methods approved by the owner that will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall be cured for a sufficient length
of time so that the concrete will develop the specified strength requirement at 28 days or less.
9.2.1 Steam Curing—Pipe shall be placed in a curing chamber, free from outs
...